^ $/<%, V" / / l> ^N^ fiJOIfr \ /l o i -j'v -^ V ,<> 4- 3 V l -^x o. STPi^ tf .%\i vV ^ /> >*, J? & ^ 1 . * ^ ^ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME LXX, 1959 PHILIP P. CALVERT, EDITOR EMERITUS R. G. SCHMIEDER, EDITOR EDITORIAL STAFF J. A. G. REHN M. E. PHILLIPS E. F. J. MARX H. J. GRANT, JR. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. 1959 The numbers of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1959 were mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows : No. 1 January January IS, 1959 No. 2 February February 14, 1959 No. 3 March March 11, 1959 No. 4 April April 3, 1959 No. 5 May May 18, 1959 No. 6 June June 15, 1959 No. 7 July July 16, 1959 No. 8 October September 24, 1959 No. 9 November November 3, 1959 The date of mailing the December, 1959, number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January, 1960. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY 1959 Vol. LXX No. 1 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS The first hundred years 1 Blickle Chaetopsylla lotoris in New Hampshire 6 McDermott Two new species of fireflies 7 Scott Collembola from Colorado 13 Krombein Chrysis enhuyki and its host 17 Re Insects borrowed by the late Dr. V. S. L. Pate 24 Reviews : 25 Checklist of the millipeds of N. A. Insect Migration Die Larvalsystematik einiger Kleinschmetterlingsfamilien Books Received 27 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $5.00 domestic; $5.30 foreign; $5.15 Canada. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, I'a. * ;*'*i ,.-.. . ,.- V* . *: I* _> ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : H. J. GRANT, JR., E. J. F. MARX, M. E. PHILLIPS, and J. A. G. REHN. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers : Domestic, $5.00 ; Foreign, $5.30; Canada, $5.15 U. S. Currency. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available on request. Address, Fred B. Jacobson, Advertising Manager, Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. G. Schmieder, Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4, Pa. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4x6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. It is not advisable to print half-tones as text-figures. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Members of the American Entomological Society may elect to receive, gratis, 25 offprints of their contributions. These will be "run-of- form," without removal of extraneous matter. Those members desiring more than 25 separates, and all non-members, will receive no gratis copies. They must obtain all their separates (as reprints, with extraneous matter removed) from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their order for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. 13-16 pp. 17-20 pp. Coven 50 $3.95 $6.33 $ 9.89 $10.28 $13.44 $4.31 100 4.74 7.51 11.86 12.65 16.21 5.89 Add'l 100 1.58 2.36 3.94 4.74 5.54 3.16 Plates printed one side: First 50, $3.15; Additional 100's, $2.37. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXX JANUARY, 1959 No. 1 The First Hundred Years This year the American Entomological Society has the dis- tinction of celebrating its one hundredth anniversary. And it is indeed a distinction, for in 1859 no other society devoted exclusively to insect study had been formed in America. There is a sort of magic in the phrase, "a hundred years old" ; so much can happen in that time. But the three men who met in Philadelphia on the night of February 14 of that year to form an entomological society could hardly have imagined the progress that would be made in that field in the next hundred years. Science was on the move but no one knew the momen- tum it would achieve nor the mass of data it would compile. These three conspirators, Ezra T. Cresson, James Ridings and George Newman, decided that before taking final action, they would invite a larger group to participate in their project. As a result, a second meeting was held on February 22nd, at which fifteen persons were present. They unanimously re- solved to form a society, and appointed a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws and to propose a suitable name for the organization. At the next meeting, held on March 1, 1859, this committee made a full report, suggested the name, "THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA," and presented a draft of a constitution and by-laws, all of which were accepted, after slight modifications. It is almost always true that the historical researcher finds conflicting statements, or at least what seem to be uncertainties in recorded data. In this respect the founding date of the Society is no exception. The first record in its Minutes is of the original meeting of Cresson, Ridings and Newman on Feb- ruary 14, 1859. These three men were recorded in that place (1) SMITHSONIAN INSTiTtrnr.j JA1L21 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 as the "founders," yet at the following meeting of February 22nd, the fifteen men present unanimously resolved to form such a society, and only on March 1 was it given a name, and a constitution adopted. One year later -February 27, 1860 a speaker referred to that meeting as "the anniversary of the organization of the Society." As this meeting was not on the same date as any meeting of the previous year we can only assume that he referred to the March 1st meeting, the nearest comparable date. For this and other reasons it seems logical to say that the Society was founded on March 1, 1859, though the writer is in no position to proclaim this as official. The American Entomological Society has been a rather unique organization. The chief initial object of the members, as ex- pressed in the constitution of 1859, was the advancement of ento- mological science by "ascertaining the name, locality, habits, time, etc., of insects found in the United States of America, and communicating the same to the Society." This is still an aim, though we would probably not so express it today. The early members quite obviously thought of their meetings and other activities as a medium of self-instruction and mutual assistance. No course in general entomology was then taught in any American college, and knowledge in the field was of necessity largely acquired by observation and the reading of the few books on the subject which were available. Almost from its beginning, however, the Society developed for itself three main functions : the conduct and publication of research, the accumulation of a good library, and the building of a collection of insects. The two last were necessary to the accomplishment of the first, and the furthering of all three still remains the prime objective. SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS The publications as a whole have been outstanding in their field. While the bulk of them represent the results of taxo- nomic research, all closely related fields have been included. Less than two years after the founding of the Society, there was talk of producing a new entomological journal, and something Ixxj ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 was very quickly done about it. John Meichel, a member, had offered to do the type setting and press work if the Society would purchase a hand printing press. At the same meeting a resolution was adopted to establish a Publication Fund. Just six weeks later money had been raised, a press purchased and reported "in good condition to print anything the Society may order." This press is still in the possession of the Society and on it were printed most of the first six volumes issued. The printing of the new journal was promptly started, and it was called the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. Six volumes, now very rare, were printed from 1861 to 1867. In the latter year the name of the Society was changed to the American Entomological Society, and the name of the journal to the Transactions of the American Entomologi- cal Society. This journal, issued quarterly, has been continued to the present time, and the 1958 volume was the eighty-fourth. In 1865 a new serial publication was undertaken. It was wished to diffuse information in popular form on insects which were destructive or beneficial to vegetation. The Practical En- tomologist, designed particularly for farmers, was started. Only two volumes were produced, and though at first there was a great demand for it when distributed gratuitously the re- sources of the Society would not permit it to be continued. Though it contained much valuable information, this early ven- ture into publication on economic entomology was of short duration. In 1890 Entomological News first made its appearance, and the 69th volume of this serial was published in 1958. In its 69 years it has performed an extremely valuable function in pub- lishing short articles, news notes, and for many years the most usable and complete record of current literature in the field. The Memoirs of the American Entomological Society were begun in 1916 as a vehicle for the publication of monographic works. Fifteen numbers have appeared, and the sixteenth may have come from the press before this is printed. Thus, in the hundred years of its existence the Society has issued 176 volumes of serial publications in four different 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 series in addition to 30 or 40 separate pamphlets and volumes. This is no mean accomplishment for a private society with no public support, whose active membership has seldom exceeded 100. This large mass of publications was made possible only because of significant early gifts some restricted to the Publi- cation Fund by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, his brother Rathmel Wilson, and by Dr. George H. Horn. Also the careful han- dling of the Society's resources by its officers, and the gradual building up of its permanent publication funds contributed much to this end. THE LIBRARY A library for the Society was begun in December, 1859. The first volume acquired was presented in that month by Prof. S. S. Haldeman. It was a copy of F. E. Melcheimer's Cata- logue of the described Coleoptera of the United States, 1853. In the hundred years since then the Society's library has grown into one of the most important collections of systematic ento- mological literature in America, particularly in the older and rarer categories. There are now about 10,000 volumes and many thousands of separates and pamphlets. Many valuable journals have been acquired through exchange of Society pub- lications for those of other organizations. The library is de- posited in that of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. THE INSECT COLLECTION An "Entomological Cabinet" or collection was started during the Society's first year. Cabinets for storing it were built by James Ridings, and the first gift of specimens was 100 species of Coleoptera, by Dr. T. B. Wilson. During the years since, many donations of specimens have been made and a considerable number purchased. The two largest single lots were presented by George H. Horn (Coleoptera) and by E. T. Cresson (Hy- menoptera) . These were each made up of over 60,000 specimens. The present collections, now deposited with those of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, include a total of from three to five hundred thousand specimens. Many types are among them. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 ASSOCIATION WITH ACADEMY About seventeen years after its founding the Society found itself quite pressed for space in the quarters it then occupied on South Thirteenth Street. As a consequence it made a move which has undoubtedly had a great deal of influence on its his- tory and development. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was just moving into a newly completed building where it is still housed. Upon being approached the authorities at the Academy made an agreement with the Society, permitting it to occupy quarters in the new building, where, after over 80 years, it still remains. The arrangement has doubtless been of considerable advantage to both organizations, their libraries, collections and staff supplementing each other. Though main- taining its corporate identity the Society became the "Entomo- logical Section" of the Academy in 1876, and so remained until 1924 when all Academy sections were dissolved. MEMBERSHIP The membership of the Society has never been large, but from the first has included the names of many men who stood high as research workers, particularly in taxonomic entomology. There have always been two classes of membership resident and corresponding. Generally speaking, any one who has been sufficiently interested in entomology to associate himself with the Society and pay his dues has been welcomed to its rolls. As a result, there has always been a considerable number of mem- bers to whom the field represented an avocation rather than a profession, and a surprising number of significant contributions in research and publication has come from such sources. This was especially true in the earlier days when most of the members were amateurs rather than professionals. The present resident members number about 115, and the correspondents 27. The latter are eminent entomologists scat- tered over the world. The initial objects of the Society, as stated earlier, would cer- tainly suggest that the members would be those interested funda- 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 mentally in insects themselves, their identification, classification and ecology. A hundred years ago that was about the only kind of entomologist there was. They have, through the years, done the great mass of basic work so necessary to the development of the army of economic entomologists whose activities today dominate the science. The members of the Society are still, for the most part, that kind of men -who do that kind of work. It will never be completed. Though the organization has prospered and grown over the years, whatever eminence it has achieved may be laid largely at the doors of the many local members who loyally labored through the years to achieve such advances. They often sacrificed much in time, labor and personal funds. With regard to its finances the Society is in much the same position as a university. Presi- dent Lowell of Harvard was once asked : "How much money can a university use ?" He replied that the same answer applied to that as to the question: "How much whiskey can a Scotch- man drink? any given amount." MAURICE E. PHILLIPS Records of Chaetopsylla lotoris (Stewart) (Sipho- naptera) from New Hampshire By R. L. BLICKLE, New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, Durham, N. H. The following locality records for Chaetopsylla lotoris (Ste- wart) from New Hampshire are listed for the first time. One male, ex Lynx rufus rufus, Sullivan, N. H., January 23, 1955. Five males and five females, ex Procyon lotor, Strafford, Bow Lake, N. H., February 27, 1957. One male and one female, ex Lynx rujus rujus, Conway, N. H., January, 1958. All specimens collected by Dr. C. L. Stevens. This species has been recorded by Johnson, 1955 (Pan. Pac. Ent, XXXI (3) : 93-104) from the following states : Maine, New York, Minne- sota, Pennsylvania, Iowa, Illinois, and North Carolina. lxx| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 Two New Species of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) By FRANK A. MCDERMOTT, Wilmington, Delaware The two rather unusual lampyrids described below were found in the collection of Cornell University, and I thank Dr. Henry Dietrich for the privilege of describing them. The insect described below is only the fourth species to be assigned to the genus Lucernuta, and the smallest of the four. Lucernuta was separated from the large Asian genus Pyro- coelia by E. Olivier (Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, 1911, Vol. 24, p. 65) by virtue of the 8th ventral abdominal segment being emarginate instead of mucronate as in the latter genus, a rather uncertain criterion in the absence of any other mark- edly different characters. In Pars 9 of the Coleopterorum Catalogus (1910) and previously, Olivier had combined Pyro- coelia under Lucernuta. Lucernuta hammari n. sp. Type locality, Sao Paulo, BRAZIL. No date or collector's name. Source, Hammar Collection, Cornell University. Type No. 3481, Cornell University. Over-all dimensions, ca. 9.0 mm. long by 4.0 mm. broad. Outline elliptical. Body flat (artifact?). Pronotum 2.3 mm. long by 3.6 mm. broad; outline parabolic. Forward edge reflexed ; base bisinuate. Anterior median third colorless and transparent, except for a narrow median brown discoloration which widens toward apical margin ; eyes visible through the transparent areas. Disk convex, bearing two large, roughly elliptical, cream-colored spots separated by a triangular brown vitta, broadest at base where it darkens to black, and extending forward a little on the lateral margins of the cream- colored areas. Lateral extensions flat, translucent brown ; these 8 F.XTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 and the transparent areas coarsely and densely punctate ; convex disk less pronouncedly so. Short, fine pubescence. Scutellum dark brown, edged black ; apex acute. Mesonotal plates dull dark brown. Central portion of scutellum and inside edges of mesonotal plates very dark red. Elytra 6.65 mm. long by 2.05 mm. broad ; widest at midlength ; very flat (artifact?). Wide explanate margins, becoming evan- escent at about apical 5th. Epipleura very wide, the interior ridge tapering rapidly to join the inner edge of the explanate margin. Lateral edges narrowly brown ; explanate margins and nearly equal width on disk nearly transparent, darkening toward suture. On each elytron a dark brown vitta beginning at base and becoming fainter toward the apex. Elytra appear darker over wings and body. Brown portions coarsely rugose; trans- parent portions finely punctate ; submarginal line of coarse punctures. Rather long, oblique pubescence, not dense but particularly marked at suture and lateral edges. Frons very dark brown, slightly concave ; 0.97 mm. across eyes, 0.56 mm. between them ; eyes mediocre and head rather small. Maxillary palpi small, brown, outline conoidal. Mandi- bles very small and project ventro-posteriorly (artifact?) ; apical portions very slender. Antennae 3.6 mm. long; 11 articles; brown, hairy, slightly compressed. Ventral surface brown, including legs ; hairy. Ventral ab- dominal segments 6 and 7 each about 1.5 times as long as 5th, and probably luminous in life ; 8 very small, emarginate ; 9 ogival, brown. Dorsal segments 6 and 7 with lateral lobes ; pygidium trilobed, very dark brown, hairy. Abdominal spiracles dorsal. Aedeagus : The exposed portion of the aedeagus is a rather simple structure consisting of two lateral lobes the edges of which appear to form a continuous loop in the ventral view, but in lateral view the tip is turned downward. The dorsal aspect is that of a narrow V with the median lobe projecting between the sides. See accompanying sketch. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9 Habitus : The accompanying photograph shows the rather un- usual appearance of the insect. Female not known. Lucernuta hammari n. sp. Actual length 9.0 mm. II The genus Pteropty.v was established by E. Olivier (1902) for lampyrids of the general form of Luciola but the males hav- ing the apical portions of the elytra folded down over the end of the abdomen and the last ventral segment .more or less strongly trilobed or trisinuate. The elytra of the female are described as normal. In 1907 Olivier described only two spe- cies in this genus, P. malaccac (Gorham) and P. testaceum (Motsch.). Gorham described the peculiar structure of the terminal abdominal segments of malaccae, which he regarded doubtfully as the female. Olivier's sketch of the abdomen of tcsteceum (1907, PI. 3, fig. 11) does not show such a structure, the segments being of the form normal for Luciola. In 1910 Olivier listed nine species, four more being transferred from Luciola, and in 1911 he mentioned that one more new species 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 had been described ; since then three more have been described, from Indo-China and Sumatra. Five of the species are from New Guinea. Pteroptyx is obviously close to Pyrophanes in the structure of the terminal abdominal segments, although in the latter it is the pygidium that is involved in the structure, and the elytral apices are not deflexed. In the collection of Cornell University there is a single speci- men which represents a new species of Pteroptyx, and it is described below as P. papuae. It is somewhat difficult to de- cide whether this specimen is male or female. There is no par- tially extruded aedeagus, or ovipositor ; the relatively large eyes indicate a male. Gorham notes that his Malacca specimens and one of his Madras specimens of P. malaccae had ventral ab- dominal segments much as described for the present species, while another Madras specimen had an abdomen normal for a female Luciola. He refers to the elytra as "obliquely truncate at the apex," which is the way they appear when viewed from above. In P. cribellata E. Oliv. the last ventral segment is de- scribed as trilobed and ciliate ; in P. microthorax E. Oliv., with two deep oval emarginations separated by a long narrow lobe with a truncate apex ; and in P. pupilla E. Oliv., as divided into three slender teeth or mucrons. All three of these species are from New Guinea. P. antennata E. Oliv., also from New Guinea, has the last ventral of the male medially aculeate, a description which would apparently apply also to P. testaceum (Motsch.) of the East Indies. The last ventral segment of the female of P. cribellata is described as being truncate triangular. From these descriptions it would appear that this specimen and also those of Gorham having a similar abdominal structure are males. Pteroptyx papuae n. sp. Type locality, Monda, Buna District, PAPUA. Collected by W. G. Bodenstein, December 28, 1943. Type No. 3480, Cornell University. Dimensions: 4.5 mm. long by 1.65 mm. broad. Outline prob- ably parallel in life ; in the specimen the elytra are slightly divergent. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11 Pronotum sub-rectangular, ca, 0.7 mm. long by 1.15 mm. broad. Densely and coarsely punctate; narrow longitudinal median channel ; uniform "dark brown except for four small, nearly circular, yellow spots, two near the middle of the disk and close to the median channel, and two, less distinct and somewhat more widely separated, near the basal edge; basal margin reflexed. Short, pale pubescence, especially pronounced on margins. B Fig. A. Aedeagus of Lucernuta hammari n. sp. Upper : Dorsal view Middle : Lateral view Bottom : Ventral view FIG. B. Terminal ventral segments of Ptcroptyx papitac n. sp. Scutellum brown ; mesonotal plates dark yellow. Elytra 3.83 mm. long by 0.82 mm. broad; divergent from scutellum (vide supra) ; coarsely punctate, the punctures tend- ing to form longitudinal lines ; fine, short, oblique yellow pubes- cence; translucent dark brown, appearing dull dark brown, al- most black, over wings ; very narrow explanate margins with a 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 single row of coarse punctures ; no evident costae. Terminal lobes of the elytra bent downward and forward as though in life they embraced the end of the abdomen. Frons brown, concave ; 0.9 mm. across the relatively large eyes ; intraocular margins widely divergent. Mouth parts small ; mandibles slender ; maxillary palpi relatively large, outline conoidal, flat on inner surface. Clypeus apparently connate, the epistome ending in a semicircular white margin. Antennae incomplete, but apparently ca. 1.5 mm. long; nearly black, hairy, not compressed; 2nd article about ^ as long as 1st and | as long as 3d ; 4 to 6 (all present) subequal in length. Thoracic sterna brown. Pygiclium ogival, convex, translucent yellowish. Ventral abdominal segments 2 and 3 brown ; 4 white on poste- rior edge ; 5 white, luminous ; 6 remarkable in consisting mainly of two long, white, arcuate lobes, apparently luminous, between which projects a flat, triangular, very hairy, nearly transparent lobe with a bifurcate apex, these apices being curved, and bent dorsad. See accompanying sketch. Abdominal spiracles not visible on the ventral surface. Legs short, dark brown ; claws simple ; no tibial spurs visible. REFERENCES GORHAM, H. S. 1880. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, p. 101. OLIVIER, E. 1902. Revue scientifique du Bourbonnais, Vol. 15, p. 72. . 1907. Wytsman's Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 53, p. 55. . 1910. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 9, pp. 47-48. . 1911. Revue scientifique du Bourbonnais, Vol. 24, pp. 102-103. Ixx I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 Collembola from Colorado * By HAROLD GEORGE SCOTT 2 During recent systematic and distributional studies of the Collembola of New Mexico, seven collections were made in Colorado. These collections yielded one species new to sci- ence, one not previously recorded, and two already known from Colorado. All four are representatives of the Suborder Arthro- pleona, Family Entomobryidae. Most workers on the Collem- bola have not reported field data, so the ecological information presented is among the first to be published on these species. Collections were made by C. Clayton Hoff and Dwain R. Par- rack, 3 Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, in connection with a study of the altitudinal distribution of insect and arachnid groups being directed by Dr. Hoff. The field work was aided by National Science Foundation Grant G-112. Specimens will be deposited at the Academy of Natural Sci- ences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Subfamily ISOTOMINAE Schaffer, 1896 Genus Proisotoma Borner, 1901 Proisotoma subsegmenta, sp. nov. Figure 1 TYPE COLLECTION. Sifted from aspen litter, 9,200 feet, south of Cumbres Pass, -) mile north of the New Mexico state line, Conejos County, COLORADO, 3 September 1952. DESCRIPTION. Body elongate, not subglobose; segmentation distinct, without ankylosis ; unique subsection between Abd II and Abd III; integument smooth; white marked evenly with blue ; clothing of long and short setae ; head prognathous ; ratio 1 A portion of a dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Mexico in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2 Training Branch, Communicable Disease Center, Bureau of State Services, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia. 3 Present address : Zoology Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 of antenna to head as 4:3; antenna with five segments, ratio of antennal segments 4:4:4:3:4; postantennal organ of the simple isotomine type ; eyes 8 and 8 ; eyepatches dark ; mouthparts chewing; ratio of body segments approximately 10:40:35/20: 25: (10) :20:35:15:20; tibiotarsus with indistinct distal sub- segment ; ratio of unguiculus to ungius 3:4; tenent hairs absent ; unguis and unguiculus without teeth ; furcula reaching far be- yond collophore, exceedingly slender ; ratio of manubrium to dens to mucro as 10:40: 1 ; dental spines absent; dentes dorsally crenulate ; mucro with three teeth, non-lamellate ; anus terminal ; anal spines absent; length 1.0 mm. DISCUSSION. This species is extremely unusual. It is the only known Collembola exhibiting more than six abdominal seg- ments and the only known Isotominae with more than four an- tennal segments. Its furcula is remarkably long, reaching be- yond the base of the head. It is suggested that the third abdominal section is not a true segment, but a subsegment of either the second or apparent fourth. This species was not taken in 41 samples from aspen in New Mexico. Subfamily TOMOCERINAE Schaffer, 1896 Genus Tomocerus Nicolet, 1841 Subgenus Pogonognathellus Paclt, 1944 Tomocerus (Pogonognathellus) flavescens (Tullberg, 1871) DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS. Postantennal organ absent; eyes 6 and 6 ; prostheca present ; antenna shorter than body ; unguis with 2-5 teeth ; unguiculus with 0-1 teeth ; tenent hairs 1 ; dental formula 0-11/4-9,11 ; length 5 mm. NEW COLORADO RECORDS. From fir stump in woods, 10,000 feet; and from sifting woody debris of fir log, 10,000 feet, Cumbres Pass, Conejos County, 3 September 1952. RECORDED DISTRIBUTION. Alaska, Cal., Colo., D. C., Ga., 111., Ind., Iowa, La., Me., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N. H., N. J., N. M., N. Y., N. C., Ohio, Ore., Penna., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Va., Wash. Also Northwest Territories (Canada), Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 Europe, and Asia. This species was recorded from Colorado by Mills (1934, p. 83). Subfamily ENTOMOBRYINAE Schaffer, 1896 Genus Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 Entomobrya purpurascens (Packard, 1873) DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS. Tibiotarsus with two rows of smooth hairs on inner surface ; purplish to blue to tan to brown with varying amounts of yellow in different individuals; poste- rior parts of segments usually darker than anterior margins; antenna purplish, paler apically; legs and furcula usually dark. FIG. 1. Proisotoma subsegmenta sp. nov., lateral view of holotype. COLORADO RECORDS. From beneath dung in open area of fir forest, 10,000 feet, at Cumbres Pass; and from old fir log, from beneath small log, and from beneath piece of wood, aspen grove, 9,200 feet, 5 miles south of Cumbres Pass, Conejos County, 3 September 1952. 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 RECORDED DISTRIBUTION. Colo., Del, 111., Iowa, La., Me., Md., Mass., Minn., N. H., N. J., N. Y., N. D., Penna., Tenn., Tex., Utah, and Wise. Also Ontario (Canada), and Europe. This species is recorded from Colorado by Christiansen (1958) as Entomobryoides guthriei. Entomobrya marginata (Tullberg, 1871) DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS. Tibiotarsus without two rows of smooth hairs on inner surface ; body essentially unicolorous without well-developed spots or stripes ; not conspicuously clothed with dense dark-brown setae ; gray to live-green to bluish purple. COLORADO RECORDS. From sifting aspen litter, 9,200 feet, south of Cumbres Pass, north of New Mexico state line, Conejos County, 3 September 1952. RECORDED DISTRIBUTION. Colo., 111., Iowa, Mass., N. Y., Ohio, Tenn., Utah, Wash. Also Ontario (Canada), Europe, and Australasia. This species has not been recorded previously from Colorado. SUMMARY Four species of Collembola are recorded from Conejos County, Colorado : Proisotoma subsegmenta sp. nov., Tomocerus flavcs- cens, Entomobrya purpurascens, and Entomobrya marginata. Proisotoma subsegmenta and Entomobrya marginata are new records for the state. The ecological information presented is among the first to be published on these species. REFERENCES CITED BORNER, C. 1901. Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen 17: 1-141. CHRISTIANSEN, K. 1958. Systematic Zool. 7(1): 8-15. MILLS, H. B. 1934. A monograph of the Collembola of Iowa. Ames : Collegiate Press, xii + 143 pp. NICOLET, H. 1841. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., 6: 1-88. PACKARD, A. 1873. Ann. Kept. Trust. Peabody Acad. Sci., 5: 23-51. PACLT, J. 1944. Folia Ent., 8: 3-4. RONDANI, C. 1861. Dipteriologicae Italicae Prodromus, 4: 40. SCHAFFER, C. 1896. Mitt, naturh. Mus. Hamburg, 13: 147-216. TULLBERG, T. 1871. Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., 28 (1) : 143-155. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17 Biological Notes on Chrysis (Ceratochrysis) en- huycki Cooper, and its Host, Leptochilus re- publicanus zendaloides (Robertson) (Hy- menoptera : Chrysididae, Vespidae) By KARL V. KROMBEIN, Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture In 1952 Cooper described the odd little Chrysis enhuycki from five specimens which he collected at Princeton, New Jersey, and near Tarrytown, New York. There are 12 additional speci- mens in the collection of the U. S. National Museum from Rosslyn and Barcroft, Virginia, Washington, D. C., St. Louis and Kirkwood, Missouri, and Ashfork, Arizona. The Rosslyn and Barcroft specimens were reared by J. C. Bridwell from bor- ings in twigs of sumach, Rhus glabra. The two specimens from St. Louis (Rau Nos. 3396, 3525) and the one from Kirkwood (Ran No. 9024) were apparently reared. The Arizona speci- men was reared by H. S. Barber, June 17, 1901. There are no associated hosts with any of these reared specimens. Bridwell's success in rearing the chrysidid from sumach led me to gather some infested stems and twigs on January 4, 1958, at Dunn Loring, Virginia, along the right of way of the Wash- ington and Old Dominion Railroad near State Road 698. Only ten wasp nests were found among the hundred or more terminal twigs examined. When I split these twigs, five of them aroused immediate interest because they contained either earthen cocoons similar to those described by Rau (1928) for Leptochilus re- publicanus zendaloides or silken chrysidid cocoons similar to those from which Bridwell reared Chrysis enhuycki. The architec- tural details of these nests were as follows : DL 2 a slightly sinuous boring 52 mm. long and 4 mm. wide through the pith of a twig having an outside diameter of about 10 mm. ; a chrysidid cocoon 7 mm. long at the inner end of the boring with an empty space of 8 mm. above the cocoon; then a plug 17 mm. long of fine pith fragments; 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 above this a space of 20 mm. filled with earthen particles and other debris. DL 5 dimensions of twig and boring about the same; an earthen cocoon 18 mm. long at inner end ; above this an earthen partition of 2 mm. ; then a chrysidid cocoon 7 mm. long; above this a section of fine particles of pith 25 mm. long and then an earthen plug. DL 6 a twig about 13 mm. in diameter, the boring about 3 mm. wide; two earthen cocoons about 11 mm. long in the boring separated by a partition of fine particles of pith 9 mm. long. DL 7 a twig 10 mm. in diameter with a boring through the pith 3 mm. wide and 238 mm. long ; probably not the entire nest because lower end of twig with 22 mm. partition of fine particles of pith ; above this an earthen cocoon 18 mm. long, then an earthen plug 13 mm. long; above this 22 mm. of fine particles of pith; then another earthen cocoon 13 mm. long; above this an earthen plug 10 mm. long; and finally an empty space of 140 mm. DL 9 twig 12 mm. in diameter with boring down center of pith 3 mm. wide; upper 110 mm. empty, then 5 mm. of fine pith particles ; then 5 mm. of earth and 15 mm. empty space; then an earthen cocoon 12 mm. long; then 20 mm. partition of fine particles of pith ; then empty space for 50 mm. and a dead Ectemnius wasp. After making the notes above, I taped the split halves of each twig together and placed them out of doors against a masonry surface having a southern exposure. On April 21 I examined them again. The condition on that date and subsequent devel- opment in each nest are as follows : DL 2 chrysidid pupa fully colored except appendages on April 21 ; male Chrysis enhuycki eclosed on April 23 and left cocoon on following day. DL 5 chrysidid pupa entirely pale on April 21 ; entirely dark except appendages on April 24; female Chrysis en- huycki eclosed on April 28 and left cocoon on May 2 ; the Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 ( > earthen cocoon contained a pale vespid pupa with light tan eyes on April 21 ; on April 25 it was still pale with black eyes ; on April 28 it was dark except appendages ; on May 2 it was fully colored and ready to eclose, and the female Leptochilus republicanus zendaloides left the cell on May 5. DL 6 dead prepupae in earthen cocoons on April 21. DL 7 a pale, dark-eyed pupa of a parasite in each earthen cocoon on April 21 ; these pupae darkened very slowly ; on May 5 a female Epistenia coeruleata Westwood [det. B. D. Burks] left one of the cocoons; the other pupa, also a female Epistenia, died during the pupal stage ; the Epistenia larva feeds externally on the Leptochilus prepupa, sucking it dry. DL 9 pale vespid pupa with light tan eyes in earthen cocoon on April 21 ; subsequent development as in vespid in DL 5 except that wasp failed to eclose entirely from pupal exuvia and died on May 7 ; it also was a female Leptochilus repub- licanus zendaloides. The data given above do not definitely establish Leptochilus republicanus zendaloides as the host of Chrysis enhuycki, even though the two were reared from adjacent cells in one twig. The cells containing the chrysidids differed from those of Lepto- chilus in one important detail; they contained no earth, while the cells from which Leptochilus, or its prepupal parasite Epi- stenia, emerged held cocoons formed from earthen particles. There are two possible explanations for this difference in cell architecture. There may have been supersedure by another species of wasp in the one twig (DL 5) containing both the chrysidid and vespid or Leptochilus larvae may behave differ- ently when starting to spin a cocoon than do those of the chrysi- did. The architecture of two newly constructed, one-celled nests (82858 A, 9358 A) which I found in pith of sumach at Dunn Loring, Va., on August 28 and September 3, 1958, respectively, indicates that the latter conjecture is the more probable explanation. One of these later nests (82858 A) was in a stem of smooth sumach (Rhus glabra) 10 mm. in diameter. The boring was 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 61 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter. A few small particles of pith were packed at the bottom of the boring. Above this was a cell 7 mm. long containing five paralyzed, leaf -mining coleop- terous larvae about 5 mm. long and a newly hatched chrysidid larva. Above this cell was a layer of fine particles of pith 9 mm. long, then a layer of earth 20 mm. long. The outermost 25 mm. of the boring contained three pieces of small twigs 10-12 mm. long. The beetle larvae consisted of one specimen of a species of Brachys, and four specimens of the leaf-mining cuculionid, Prionomerus calceatus (Say) [determined by W. H. Anderson] . The chrysidid larva died during the third instar. The other nest (9358 A) was in a stem of staghorn sumach (Rhus typhina} 8-10 mm. in diameter. A boring 3 mm. wide and 20 mm. long terminated in an ovoidal cell 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. In the cell was a newly hatched vespid larva (in- jured when I opened the nest), eight last instar and two penul- timate instar Brachys larvae belonging to the ovatus complex, 7 mm. long and four last instar leaf -mining chrysomelid larvae, Cha- lepns sp., probably dorsalis Thunb., of the same size [determined by G. B. Vogtj. The vespid egg shell was attached to the bottom of the cell by a short thread. The beetle larvae were rather lightly paralyzed, but were wedged in too tightly to move around. Above the cell was a partition of fine particles of pith only 1 mm. thick and then a layer of earth, most of which was lost during transport of the nest to the laboratory. Apparently in a multi-celled nest the female Leptochilus lays an egg at the bottom of the boring and then stores a variable number of paralyzed leaf-mining larvae. Above this cell she constructs a partition of fine particles of pith and then an earthen plug, and then repeats this arrangement in succeeding cells, filling the uppermost part of the boring with a variety of debris. When the Leptochilus larva matures, it bores upward through the layer of fine pith particles and constructs a cocoon from the earthen plug above the pith, occasionally using all the earth in the cocoon or sometimes leaving the upper remnant of the earthen plug intact. However, in a parasitized cell the chrysidid larva merely spins its cocoon in the brood cell. This explana- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21 tion would account for the resulting disposition of nest contents found in the cells containing vespid cocoons in DL 5, 7 and 9 as contrasted to the arrangement of nest contents found in the cells containing chrysidid cocoons in DL 2 and 5. The only possible way of establishing a definite host-parasite relationship between these two species from the reared material would be a demonstration that the cells of both the chrysidid and vespid contained fragments of the same or closely related species of prey. In DL 2 there were eight head capsules of leaf-mining buprestid larvae belonging to Brachys 1 attached to the outer surface of the cocoon. The chrysidid cocoon in DL 5 had no adherent prey remains, but in the loose, fine particles of pith above the outer end of the cocoon was a mass of six head capsules of Brachys larvae, apparently compacted there by the chrysidid larva when it began to spin. The earthen cocoons of the Leptochilus from DL 5, 7 and 9 had no adherent prey fragments. Maceration in alcohol of the larval meconial plugs at the inner end of these earthen cocoons showed many minute sclerotized fragments of insects. Mr. Vogt found nothing but Brachys remains among these fragments as follows : the me- conial plug of the Leptochilus in DL 5 contained four mandibles of Brachys and numerous fragments of stippled integument of Brachys species probably belonging to the ovatus complex; one meconial plug from DL 7 contained ten mandibles of Brachys and numerous similar integumentary remains as in DL 5 ; the meconial plug from DL 9 contained eight mandibles of Brachys and numerous fragments of integument similar to those found in DL 5. The findings of identical remains in both the chrysi- did and vespid cells leaves no doubt that Chrysis enhuycki is parasitic on Leptochilus republicanus zendaloides. Rau (1928, pp. 400-404, fig. 52) has some notes on the nest of zendaloides. His nests were found in elder or sumach and agree in architectural details with my nests of the same species. Some specimens of prey were identified for him as leaf-mining 1 I am indebted to my colleague George B. Vogt for identification of the prey remains in these nests. He believes that Brachys larvae having head capsules of this size would have an over-all length of about 10 mm. 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 chrysomelid larvae belonging to Chalepus, possibly scapularis Oliv. I expect that Leptochilus probably preys on a rather wide variety of leaf-mining coleopterous larvae, storing whatever is abundant during its nesting periods. Undoubtedly there are two or more generations a year in the Washington metropolitan area, for I have collected adult Leptochilus at Dunn Loring on June 12, July 10, and August 28. George Vogt points out that Brachys larvae probably would not be large enough to serve as suitable prey until July. Consequently Leptochilus from the overwintering generation in the Washington area would have to provision their nests with other larvae, perhaps Chalepus dor- salis Thumb, in locust, which matures earlier and is stored by another solitary vespid nesting in June, Symmorphus cana- densis (Sauss.). Additional observations are required to establish whether the Leptochilus female excavates her own boring in the pith or merely takes over the abandoned boring of another insect. The finding of a dead Ectemnius wasp at the bottom of nest DL 9 suggests that Leptochilus may utilize pre-existing borings. Rau lists Toxophora amphites Wlkr., Rhydinojoenus tarsa- torius (Say), Epistenia osmiae Ashm., and Chrysis (Olochry- sis) sp. as parasites of Leptochilus, but gives no details con- cerning them. However, there is evidence that Rau's specimens 3396 and 3525, referred to above, might have been the species of Chrysis (Olochrysis) reared from zendaloidcs. Reference to the Rohwer correspondence files in the Bureau of Entomology shows that 3396 and 3525 were reported to Rau as Chrysis (Olochrysis) sp. in letters dated December 13, 1917, and Janu- ary 6, 1919, and, further, that 3395 2 was reported as Stenody- nerus zendaloides Robt. Rau did not include field note numbers in his published works and habitually destroyed the field notes 2 The consecutive lot numbers 3395 and 3396 do not signify insects from adjacent cells of one nest. Apparently Rau numbered all specimens from one nest with the same number. His photograph of a nest of Leptochilus with several cells bears the number 4089 (Rau, 1928, fig. 52 b). However, consecutive lot numbers might indicate nests of the same species. IxxJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23 after publication of his observations. His specimens now can be associated with the articles by inference only. It is possible that the Ashfork, Arizona, specimen of enhuycki was reared from Lcptochilus rufinodus (Cresson). In the Na- tional Museum there is a specimen of rufinodus pinned with an earthen cocoon and bearing printed labels Ashfork, Arizona, June (H. S. Barber). Attached to the pin is a penciled note in Barber's handwriting indicating that the cocoon was found in a wild sunflower stem on June IS, that the wasp emerged on June 25, and then a cryptic phrase, "Chrysis probably parasitic on other." This note might refer to the Ashfork specimen of C. enhuycki, and would therefore indicate Barber's suspicion that the chrysidid had parasitized another specimen of rufinodus. ADDENDUM I found an additional one-celled nest (103158 A) in a stem of staghorn sumach at Dunn Loring, Va., on October 31, 1958, after this manuscript had gone to the printer. On this date the Leptochilus larva was constructing its cocoon from earthen par- ticles in the upper plug. Beneath the larva was a layer of particles of fine pith and then a brood cell containing a moribund Brachys larva and remains of several other Brachys larvae. REFERENCES CITED COOPER, K. W. 1952. A Remarkable New Species and Subgenus of Chrysid Wasp from North America, with Notes on Related Forms. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 78: 137-148, 11 figs. RAU, P. 1928. Field Studies in the Behavior of the Non-social Wasps. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 25 : 325-489, pis. 22-32. 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 Re Insects Borrowed by the Late Dr. V. S. L. Pate In late October 1958, officials of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia learned of the death of Dr. V. S. L. Pate. Arrangements were made with the executor of his estate to secure the numerous specimens borrowed by Dr. Pate over the past quarter century and assemble them at the Academy. This has been accomplished. The collection fills 147 Schmidt type boxes, 7 large drawers and 76 smaller boxes. It consists of approximately 28,000 pinned specimens and between 1,000 and 2,000 unpinned specimens of Hymenoptera, all belonging to an estimated 30^K) different owners. Considerably less than one percent of the specimens bears a label indicating ownership. About five percent of the containers evidenced signs of der- mestid infestation, but much less than one percent of the speci- mens is totally destroyed. Mr. James A. G. Rehn and the undersigned are arranging these specimens by owner wherever the label bears data which will permit the specimen to be assigned to a particular institution or individual. Needless to say, the ownership of many thou- sands of specimens is in doubt. The purpose of this note is to request individuals and officials of institutions which had made loans to Dr. Pate to communicate with the undersigned supply- ing the following information : 1 ) number of specimens loaned ; 2) distinguishing label data (collector, area collected from, ap- proximate dates, etc.) ; 3) Family (or other systematic cate- gory) to which specimens belong. Material which can be iden- tified with its owner will be shipped express collect as soon as it can be conveniently packed. Material unclaimed, or impossi- ble to assign to an owner before the end of 1959, will be incor- porated into the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. HAROLD J. GRANT, JR. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25 Reviews CHECKLIST OF THE MILLIPEDS OF NORTH AMERICA, by Ralph V. Chamberlin and Richard L. Hoffman, Smithsonian Institu- tion, Washington, D. C. 1958. 236pp. $1.00. This annotated checklist of the class Diplopoda in North America north of Mexico is very timely, for the last one was published 65 years ago and listed only 124 species under 29 genera. This one brings together some 749 species and sub- species under 200 genera, 35 families, and 11 orders. Keys to families are included. The senior author, who first published on the group in 1903, is the author of more than one-half of the species and the genera that are listed. This is a carefully done piece of work, having been in prepa- ration several years, but it has the faults of any checklist that is based by necessity on scattered and incomplete records. Our knowledge of the millipeds is still in the descriptive stage and lags at least 50 or 75 years behind that of the Insecta. Careful collectors, especially in the Western States, probably will find many species that are not listed, and critical students will find abundant evidence for questioning many entries. Information on small-bodied forms is still very meager, and the limits of many families are still undefined. In general, genera and species have been recorded as they were published ; a few synonyms have been indicated, some unwisely. In their choice of names for the superorders the authors have been governed by priority and have resurrected Brandt's (1833) awkward Pentazonia and Helminthomorpha ; Verhoeff's (1926) more descriptive Opisthandria and Proteran- dria will be favored by most students. They have wisely based ordinal and subordinal names upon the oldest and best known of the included families. The twelve recognized orders are more than European workers usually recognize, but seem logical. The family Choctellidae wisely has been moved from the order Cambalida to the order Spirostreptida, and the lysiopetalids have been reduced from ordinal to subordinal rank. NELL B. CAUSEY, University of Arkansas. 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 1959 INSECT MIGRATION, by C. B. Williams. Pp. xiii + 235, with 11 color illustrations, 22 photographs, 49 maps and diagrams. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1958. Price : $6.00. This book gives a broader and more summarized treatment of migration than does the author's earlier ''The migration of butterflies" (Edinburgh, 1930). Of the present work the author says in the preface that it is ". . . an attempt to bring together both old and new information in a more easily read- able form and to discuss many of the problems raised." Perhaps there is many an entomologist who, like the reviewer, knows only of the more spectacular migratory flights of a few species of Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Odonata, and vaguely conceives of them as exceptional occurrences due to local over- abundance. Here one learns that migration is characteristic of a good many species, including also some Coleoptera, Hymen- optera, Diptera, Homoptera, and Heteroptera, and that the flights are regular occurrences, directional and deliberate. Al- though ordinarily it is the following generation, there are spe- cies, such as the monarch butterfly, in which it is. the same individuals that make the return flight. One is reminded, especially when examining some of the photographs of flights and of aggregations, that here is something amazing and wonder- ful, and that for all we have learned about anatomy, develop- ment, hormones, effect of DDT on nerve cells, etc., etc., our insects still hold some baffling mysteries, and that we are still very far from comprehending the whole insect. The nature of the migratory flights, especially how the insect adheres to its flight direction, remains unexplained. Williams finds it hard to believe that the sun may be used as a compass because of its continual change of position and suggests that various theories require further investigation, including the one involving terrestrial magnetism. As to the origin and the meaning of migration, he feels the most likely explanation may lie in seasonally recurring food shortages or other unbearable conditions ; migration is a means of escape from these, com- parable thus to some form of diapause. The book is very readable throughout, and the very fine color plates, the many black and white photographs, the maps and Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27 the diagrams all contribute greatly to its success. R. G. SCHMIEDER. DIE LARVALSYSTEMATIK EINIGER KLEINSCHMETTERLINGS- FAMILIEN (Hyponomeutidae, Orthoteliidae, Acrolepiidae, Ti- neidae, Incurvariidae und Adelidae). Abhandlungen zur Lar- valsystematik der Insekten. No. 2, pp. 1-145, 212 figs. Akademie Verlag, Berlin. Price: DM 19.50 (paper). This is part of the comprehensive study of larval systematics of the Microlepidoptera being carried out at the Zoological Institute of the University of Erlangen. One part on the tortricids, by Swatscheck, has already appeared. Families, sub-families, and genera are characterized on the basis of chaetotaxy, while for some species other features such as the bristles on the labrum, and head sutures are also used. A key to all families of microlepidoptera based on the keys of Packer and Gerasimo, with improvements, is presented, and the larval-based system is compared with that based on adults. -R. G. SCHMIEDER. Books Received MIDDLEKAUFF, W. W. The North American sawflies of the genera Acantholyda, Cephalica, and Neurotoma (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). University of California Publications in Ento- mology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 51-174, pis. 1-3, 105 figs. Univ. of Cal. Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1958. Price : $2.50. FORSTER, W. and TH. A. WOHLFAHRT. Die Schtnetterlinge Mitteleuropas. Lieferung 9 and 10 (pp. 65-128 of Vol. Ill, and color plates Nos. 8-15). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 0. Price: DM 10, per Lieferung. These installments complete the Notodontidae, and cover the Zygaenidae, Cochlidiidae, Sphingidae, Thyatiriclae, and Dre- panidae. OLDROYD, H. Collecting, preserving and studying insects. Pp. 1-327, 135 text-figures and 15 plates. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1958. NOTICE. The December, 1958, issue of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS was mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., on December 11, 1958. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow ; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Conopidae of the World wanted. Will pay W to $1.00 for pinned and labelled specimens. S. Camras, 4407 N. Milwaukee Ave., Chicago 30, Illinois. Anisoptera Nearctic sp. wanted for exchange, espec. Ophiog., Arigom., Aeschna, Neurocor., Somatoc., Cordulia, Dorocor., Leucor. R. D. Cuyler, Dept. of Entomology, N. C. State College, Raleigh, N. C. Bembicini and Stizini (Hym., Sphec.) of New World wanted for revis. study. Will return upon request or at end of project. James E. Gillaspy, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. Texas, Austin 12, Texas. Agapema galbina. Will exchange cocoons of this moth for nature books. E. Frizzell, Route 4, Box 96, San Benito, Texas. Tenebrionidae of the World wanted, in exchange for insects of Argen- tina and neighboring countries. Horacio J. Molinari, Av. Lib. Gral San Martin 55, Acassuso (Buenos Aires), Rep. Argentina. Butterflies. Wish to exchange specimens for Japanese species. Please write to Ichiro Nakamura (Boy, age 16), 26 Aza-Nichiyama Obayashi Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. Phasmidae of nearctic area desired alive. Purchase or trade, drawing on large stock of major orders, worldwide. Domminck J. Pirone, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Nitidulidae and Rhizophagidae wanted in exchange for European bee- tles of all families. O. Marek, Zamberk 797, Czechoslovakia. INSECT COLLECTIONS FOR SALE Lepidoptera (Smith Collection) : 48 families, 577 genera, 1447 species and 5855 specimens. 33 of 71 trays contain Noctuidae. Lepidoptera 1000 +, identified and individually mounted in small glass cases. Orthoptera (a small collection made by A. P. Morse) : 90 gen- era, 222 species and 1900 specimens. Water Beetles (Dodge collection) : 6 families, 66 genera, 359 species and 1785 specimens. Purchaser must supply boxes for transfer of pinned specimens and arrange for transportation. Make an offer for any or all of the col- lections noted. Peabody Museum, Salem, Massachusetts Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3. PENNSYLVANIA Publication scheduled for January 1959 MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Neorembus, Isorembus}, Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus} and Badister (subgenera Ba- rf 'is ter, Trimorphus, Baudia} are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FEBRUARY 1959 Vol. LXX No. 2 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS Alexander Herbert Simpson Parish (1870-1957) 29 Christiansen Mystery of Entomobrya 32 Frizzi and Kitzmiller Salivary gland chromosomes of Anopheles 33 Ross Relationships of three species of Triaenodes 39 Washburn Swarming of a stinkbug near Wasilla, Alaska 46 Alexander Undescribed western crane-flies, XXIX 47 Frost Captures in black and in unpainted light traps 54 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $5.00 domestic; $5.30 foreign; $5.15 Canada. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff: H. J. GRANT, JR., E. J. F. MARX, M. E. PHILLIPS, and J. A. G. REHN. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers: Domestic, $5.00; Foreign, $5.30; Canada, $5.15 U. S. Currency. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available on request. Address, Fred B. Jacobson, Advertising Manager, Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. G. 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These will be "run-of- form," without removal of extraneous matter. Those members desiring more than 25 separates, and all non-members, will receive no gratis copies. They must obtain all their separates (as reprints, with extraneous matter removed) from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their order for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 50 100 Add'l 100 1-4 pp. $3.95 4.74 1.58 5-8 pp. $6.33 7.51 2.36 9-12 pp. $ 9.89 11.86 3.94 13-16 pp. $10.28 12.65 4.74 17-20 pp. $13.44 16.21 5.54 Covers $4.31 5.89 3.16 Plates printed one side: First 50, $3.15; Additional 100's, $2.37. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXX FEBRUARY, 1959 No. 2 Herbert Simpson Parish (1870-1957) 1 The well-known professional collector of tropical American insects, Mr. Herbert S. Parish, died in Toronto, Ontario, Can- ada, on July 26, 1957. Many entomologists of the past owe a great debt of gratitude to Parish for his efforts in making known the rich and, at that time, poorly collected insect fauna of the American tropics. In my own case, I began purchasing crane-flies from him during his first trip to Brazil in 1911-1912 and continued to secure from him very desirable materials from all of his succeeding expeditions. The following account of his life and activities is based primarily on a long series of letters from him, covering his principal expeditions since 1911, with some additional personal data supplied by him at my request in a letter dated March 8, 1934. I am particularly indebted to his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Robert Simpson Parish, of Toronto, for additional information required to complete this biographical account. Herbert Parish was born in Toronto on July 17, 1870, the son of Robert Simpson Parish and Margaret Hornibrook Parish. The father was born in Yorkshire, England, coming to Canada in 1855, and residing in Toronto until 1895. At that time he moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, where he died in 1903 at the age of 74. The mother died in Toronto in 1917 at the age of 78, having been born in County Cork, Ireland ; her family migrated to Canada in 1851. From this union five chil- dren were born, the sole survivor at the time of Parish's death being a brother, John Hornibrook Parish, presently living in Sault Ste. Marie. In 1900, Herbert Parish married Miss 1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of Massachusetts. (29) 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 Lavina Taylor, of Toronto, who died on March 22, 1939. There was a single child, Robert Simpson Parish, presently residing in Toronto with his wife, Alice. They have two children, a daughter, Mrs. Davis W. Heffring, and a son, John Herbert, residing in Woodstock, Ontario, and having two children, the great grandchildren of the subject of this biography. From his letters, Parish had indicated that he held an interest in insects even as a small boy. In 1896, at the age of 26, he understock his first collecting trip to the tropics, to Haiti, where he remained for nine months, specializing in the Lepidoptera but collecting in many other orders. 2 His second trip, to Cuba in 1898, was a failure due to financial difficulties. The next year he went to British Guiana, his first trip to South America. In 1902, two years after his marriage, Parish returned to Cuba, this time stressing Oriente State in the mountainous eastern part of the island. In 1908-1909 he again collected in British Guiana. His first trip to Brazil was in 1911-1912. Parish arrived in Belem (Para) 3 in December 1911, later moving easterly to the village of Igarape Ac,u (Igarape Assu) and finally to Prata, all such stations being in eastern Brazil just south of the Baia de Marajo. Students who may require additional information con- cerning his four major expeditions to South America (eastern Brazil, 1911-1912; British Guiana, 1912-1913; Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, 1914; Amazonian region of Brazil and Peru, 1919-1920) will find some further account in my papers. 4 On his 1912-1913 trip to British Guiana, Parish worked par- ticularly at Bartica, on the Essequibo River, and at Malali 2 While it was never so indicated by Parish, one might believe that he may have been influenced in going to Haiti by a book by Eugene Murray- Aaron, "The Butterfly Hunters in the Caribbees," that had appeared in print only two years before (pp. 269, 1 map, 8 plates; Scribners, 1894). 3 Names in parentheses indicate alternative spellings at the time collec- tions were made. * Alexander, C. P. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 44: 484; 1913 (Brazil, 1911-1912). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 40: 223-225; 1914 (British Guiana, 1912-1913). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 42: 1-4; 1916 (Colombia. Ecuador, and Peru, 1914). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1921: 39-41; 1921 (Amazonian Brazil and Peru, 1919-1920). Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 (Mallali), on the Demerara. His 1914 expedition to the north- ern Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru was brought to an abrupt and disappointing end by the oncoming of World War I and the cutting off of his financial sources. He arrived in Buenaventura, Colombia, on May 5, 1914, moving to the moun- tains and collecting at Cisneros, Caldas, and La Cumbre, thence crossing the western cordillera to Cali, in the valley of the Cauca River (Magdalena system). Proceeding southward into Ecuador, he stressed particularly coastal Guayaquil and Duran, continuing into the mountains to Huigra and Alaousi (9450 feet). In Peru he collected at Callao and Lima, on the coast, and thence travelled into the higher Andes, collecting particu- larly at Oroya (12,178 feet), Jauja (11,878 feet), and Huan- cayo (10,636 feet). Parish's longest and most important expedition was his sec- ond to Brazil in 1919-1920, when he spent approximately one year following the Amazon and some of its tributary streams. He arrived in Belem (Para) in June 1919, at first collecting over the same ground that he had visited in 1911-1912. Con- tinuing up the Amazon by river steamers, Parish made stops at Santarem, Obidos (Obydos of Henry W. Bates), and Orixi- mina, the last on the Trombetas River, a tributary stream. Proceeding further up the Amazon he collected at Parintins, Ilha de Serpa (Itacoatiara), and Manaus (Manaos), visiting a nearby station, Flores, where unusually rich collecting was found. He then followed the upper Amazon, now called the Solimoes, making various stops in Brazil, including Tefe (Teffe ; Ega of Bates), Tonantins, Matura (Amatura), Sao Paulo de Olivenca, and finally Tabatinga, where Brazil, Colombia, and Peru meet. Continuing up the river, now the Mararion and in the Peruvian territory of Loreto, he visited successively Per- nata, Mancallacta, Pebas, and Iquitos. He followed the river until it joins the Huallaga, advancing up the latter to Yuri- maguas, his farthest point on the Amazonian system. His final trip to South America was in 1933, when he visited Para- maribo, Dutch Guiana, continuing into British Guiana. On this trip he contracted a case of blood poisoning that came very close to ending his career. SMITHSONIAN.-- fl INSTITUTION rEB Z V 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Feb., 1959 All of Parish's later years were spent in Ontario. For seven- teen summers, from 1935 to 1952, the family had a cottage on Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, near Penetanguishene and Midland. Here, at Thunder Bay Beach, he collected many thousands of insects, these serving to make his brief label "T.B.B." very familiar to various entomological correspondents. Some ten years before his death, Parish became unable to do much active field collecting and he devoted more and more of his time to oil painting, in which art he became highly proficient. Many of his beautiful paintings, as well as his personal collection of in- sects the latter consisting especially of showy butterflies and moths remain in the possession of his son. It is believed that the insect collection eventually will become the property of the University of Toronto. CHARLES P. ALEXANDER The Mystery of Entomobrya duolineata Solved (Collembola) By K. CHRISTIANSEN, Grinnell, Iowa In 1939 Bueker described the species Entomobrya duolineata from the St. Louis area. This species has been unrecovered since that time and in my recent (1958) work on the genus Entomobrya I noted that this species could not be placed with any certainty. Recently Rev. John Ostdiek of Washington, D. C., sent me a number of specimens for identification. Among these were a number of specimens of Entomobrya ligata Folsom taken from the Patuxent Refuge, Laurel, Md. These included some very young specimens having a pattern almost identical with that figured by Bueker for duolineata. In view of this I am now synonymizing duolineata with E. ligata Folsom. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33 The Salivary Gland Chromosomes of Anopheles punctipennis Compared with Those of the Anopheles maculipennis Complex Diptera: Culicidae By DR. GUIDO FRIZZI, Istituto di Zoologia, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italy and DR. JAMES B. KITZMILLER, Department of Zoology, University of Illinois, Urbana. Illinois The occurrence of five sibling species within the complex formerly known as "Anopheles maculipennis" is now widely recognized. The demonstration of these biologically different but morphologically similar species grew out of the problem of "anophelism without malaria" in certain parts of Europe. The ultimate recognition of the biological differences was ac- companied by a series of ecological and geographical observa- tions, plus a series of crossbreeding experiments. The solution of this problem, with the consequent benefit to world health, is a tribute to the dedicated group of men who resolved it. (For a review of the Anopheles maculipennis speciation prob- lem see Kitzmiller, 1953.) In the palearctic region the complex which was formerly called "Anopheles maculipennis" is now considered to consist of the following sibling species : Anopheles maculipennis Anopheles labranchiae labranchiae Anopheles labranchiae atroparvns Anopheles messeae Anopheles sacharovi Anopheles melanoon melanoon Anopheles melanoon sitbalpinus Recognition of these species is difficult. Morphological char- acteristics are variable and. even when usable, are valid in a statistical sense only. Certain characteristics in the eggs may be used with more success for some of the forms. 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 Frizzi (1952) has clarified the identification of the palearctic members of the maculipennis complex by demonstrating that differences in the banding pattern of the salivary gland chro- mosomes are consistent among the various species. One species, atroparvus, can be reared in the laboratory; its chromosomal banding pattern was selected as the "standard." Comparing the other species with this standard pattern, it has been found that there are several different chromosomal rearrangements: 1) With the standard chromosomal pattern; labranchiae and atroparvus. 2) With a rearrangement in the right arm of chromosome III; maculipennis, subalpinus and tnelanoon. 3) With a rearrangement in the left arm of chromosome III and a small inversion in the X chromosome ; sacharovi. 4) With a rearrangement in the right arm of chromosome III and an extensive complex rearrangement in the X chromosome ; inesseae. A striking feature of natural populations has been that all specimens collected thus far have revealed only homozygous rearrangements. All characteristic chromosomal rearrange- ments have been found in appropriate areas the Po valley, Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica, the southern coast of France and the Valencia region of Spain but only as homozygotes. Only recently has it been possible to produce in a laboratory colony of atroparvus, an individual heterozygous for an inversion. The heterozygous arrangement has never been observed in material taken from the field. The genetic affinity as determined by crossbreeding experi- ments, using males of atroparvus and females of other species, follows the following order: labranchiae; subalpinus and mel- anoon; maculipennis; sacharovi; messeae. The affinity ranges from a partial sterility in the crosses with labranchiae to a total sterility between atroparvus and messeae. When such genetic affinity is compared with the chromosomal rearrangements one sees that the degree of affinity is directly correlated with the extent of such rearrangements. That is, the greater the chro- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 mosomal diversity, the greater sterility among the species con- sidered. The results obtained by cytogenetic research agree quite perfectly with those obtained by various taxonomists and malariologists. The pattern of the chromosomal structure suggests a common origin of these species, and suggests that in specific differentiation, the chromosomal rearrangements may have had quite an important role. The fact that in natural populations such chromosomal rearrangements are always found in a given species in the homozygous state, makes us think that such rearrangements in the chromosomes have not become stabilized merely accidentally but that they are the result of long selection in a population which formerly may have presented a high degree of chromosomal polymorphism. This polymor- phism has probably been widely diffused in the heterozygous state and the various species have been differentiated by selection of the presumably advantageous homozygotes. This knowledge of the cytogenetic structure of the palearctic species has permitted the comparison of these species with the nearctic group of species usually considered to belong to the Anopheles maculipennis complex; Anopheles freeborni, oc- cidentalis, quadrimaculatus, astecus and earlcl. From the study of the chromosomal patterns of the salivaries, it is evident that Anopheles freeborni and Anopheles aztecits both have the same chromosomal pattern as the palearctic species, thus revealing the genetic affinity which unites them. Anopheles quadrimac- ulatus is notably different both in the karyotype and in the chromosomal structure of the salivary chromosomes. Several segments of the salivary chromosomes of quadrimaculatus show distinct homologies with the chromosomes of the other species of the palearctic and nearctic groups, and therefore a remote affinity is possible. A particularly evident homology exists in the ends of the chromosomes. One obvious difference exists between the palearctic and the nearctic species. At least in laboratory strains, heterozygotes are much more frequent in the North American material. In Anopheles freeborni there are at least two paracentric inversions, both in chromosome III ; the extensive inversion in the left arm is 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 similar to that found in sacharovi and the other smaller one in the right arm is close to the centromere. In astecus there is an inversion in the left arm of chromosome III, roughly similar to one of those found in freeborni. In quadrimaculatus inversions are also present, but a precise study of their localization has not as yet been carried out. With the possible exception of qnadri- uiacnlotus, therefore, the nearctic species usually considered to belong to the maculipennis group also show this affinity cy- togenetically. The higher frequency of the heterozygous in- versions seems also to be characteristic of the nearctic strains. All observations, however, of North American forms have been made upon laboratory strains, and therefore nothing is known concerning the situation in natural populations. Of particular interest, therefore, has been the study of a natural population from a larval site at Muncie Pond near Urbana, Illinois. Of more than one thousand larvae captured, 287 were classified. This sample was found to consist of 99 Anopheles quadrimaculatus and 188 Anopheles punctipennis. A few Anopheles quadrimaculatus were examined and there was noted a certain grade of heterozygosity which was not classified further because of the reasons given above. Among the Anopheles punctipennis examined, the salivary gland chro- mosomal structure of 71 individuals, both males and females, was analyzed. In this small population, there were found 27 individuals with a chromosomal banding pattern identical to the ''standard" pattern found in Anopheles labranchiae atro- parvus and 44 individuals showing diverse chromosomal re- arrangements as follows : Left arm of chromosome III : 5 homozygous inversions and 15 heterozygous inversions, all involving zones 4547 of the "standard" map. Right arm of chromosome III: 7 homozygous inversions and 12 heterozygous inversions, involving zones 30-35. Right arm of chromosome 11:7 heterozygous inversions involving zone 7. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 Left arm of chromosome II: 5 heterozygous inversions involving zone 23. Most individuals showed only one of these inversions, but several contained two, and one individual contained three het- erozygous inversions in III D, II D, and II S. The map areas involved above are stated only approximately at this time. The inversions in the third chromosome were most numerous, and therefore we have been able to observe the type of inversion arrangement with more exactness. The rearrangement in the left arm of the third chromosome corresponds to that found in Anopheles sacharovi while in the right arm the arrangement corresponds to that found in messeae. Although Anopheles punctipennis has for several reasons been considered to be outside the maculipennis group, it clearly may be considered to belong to this group in terms of the structure of the chromosomes. The inversions found in punctipennis are interesting for three principal reasons : 1) The rearrangements found in the third chromosome are very similar to those found in several species of the maculipennis group, both nearctic and palearctic. 2) The high frequency of homozygous third chromosome inversions in this sample, as compared with the rarity of their occurrence in the laboratory strain of freeborni. 3) The presence of inversions in chromosome II. No second chromosome inversion has ever been found in any species of the Anopheles maculipennis group. These observations indicate that from a cytogenetic point of view, Anopheles punctipennis shows clear affinities with the maculipennis complex. For several reasons it has been con- sidered to be distinct from this group, but the cytological evi- dence, at least, would argue for reexamination of its taxonomic position. On the other hand, quadrimacitlatus, which has often been included with the nearctic maculipennis complex, is clearly more distant, cytogenetically, than punctipennis. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 The frequency of the inversions found in punctipennis sug- gests a high incidence of chromosomal polymorphism. The specific inversions observed are remarkably similar to those found in sacharovi and tnesseae. Most surprising was the finding of second chromosome inversions, which have never been seen in the palearctic material. To draw any definite conclusions from these observations is, of course, premature but it is certainly legitimate to ask some pertinent questions. Here is a case of a natural population in North America presenting a chromosomal polymorphism much higher than that which characterizes the group of species in the palearctic zone. What can be expected from the other species such as jreeborni, aztecus and carlci which we know now only from laboratory strains? What is the significance of such an elevated polymorphism in the nearctic species in com- parison with the palearctic species? Should we consider the palearctic species as derived from polymorphic populations whose polymorphism in this zone has been lost under heavy selection pressure, while the polymorphism has been main- tained in the nearctic zone perhaps because of more diverse environmental conditions? On the other hand, is it possible to think that the chromosomal polymorphism of the nearctic species may be the original polymorphism and that the palearctic species may be derived from the nearctic populations? Is it possible that the inversion heterozygotes found in the species of inac- ulipcnnis demonstrate the same kind of selective advantage as has been shown for Drosophila? If, in fact, such inversions have diverse selective advantage, the question would now assume not only a theoretical value but also a practical one. It is not known at the present time how a polymorphic population be- haves with respect to various kinds of insecticides and, therefore, the recognition of such polymorphism may be indeed an ad- vantage in the resolution of the problem of resistence to insecti- cides. Without question, the need for further investigation of the natural polymorphism of nearctic anophelines is clearly indicated. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 LITERATURE CITED FRIZZI, G. 1952. Nuovi contributi e prospettive di ricerca nel gruppo Anopheles maculipcnnis in base allo studio del dimorfismo cromo- somico (ordinamento ad X invertito e tipico nel messeae). Symposia Genetica, 3 : 231-265. KITZMILLER, J. B. 1953. Mosquito genetics and cytogenetics. Rev. Bras. Mai. doen. trop., 5 : 285-359. The Relationships of Three New Species of Triae- nodes from Illinois and Florida (Trichoptera) By HERBERT H. Ross, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana The discovery of a puzzling new caddisfly belonging to the genus Triaenodes in a small southern Illinois spring drew atten- tion to the possibility that members of this genus might con- tribute suggestions concerning faunal movements associated with Pleistocene events. Efforts to establish the relationships of the species led to the unraveling of the phylogeny of the entire branch of the genus to which it belongs, and to a better under- standing of the evolution of certain characters in members of the branch. The new species proved to be not only local in distribution but a primitive member of its branch, hence it may well be both a phylogenetic and geographic relict. The 20 nearctic species of Triaenodes comprise about six separate phyletic branches : ( 1 ) frontalis Banks and grisea Banks having lamellate male claspers and auriculate female cerci; (2) helo Milne, ochracea (Betten and Mosely), and perna Ross having simple triangular male claspers ; (3) a cluster of three or four apparently closely related lines, characterized by the differentiation of mesal and lateral lobes on the male clasper but lacking sclerotized subanal invaginations in the ter- minal female structures, including aba Milne, nox Ross, tridonta Ross, melaca Ross, phalacris Ross, ignita (Walker), tacnia Ross, and florida Ross ; and (4) the flavescens and injusta com- plexes of nine species in which the male clasper is divided into mesal and lateral lobes and the female terminal structures have 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 a sclerotized, invaginated structure a, shown in figures 2, 4, 7, 8, and 9. The species treated in this paper belong to these latter two complexes. THE flavescens COMPLEX The members of this complex have the tenth tergite single whereas those of the injusta complex have the tenth tergite forked, figs. 3B, SB, 6B. The four previously described mem- bers of the flavescens complex for which females are known form two pairs, (1) niarginata Sibley and tar da Milne in which the lateral process of the male clasper is unusually long (a spe- cialized condition) and the female pouch a is small (presumably a primitive condition), and (2) flavescens Banks and baris Ross in which the lateral process of the male clasper is short (a primi- tive condition) and the female pouch a is larger and convoluted (a specialized condition). The new species smithi from south- ern Illinois combines in the one species both of these primitive conditions and would appear to represent a little-changed sur- vivor of the species which was ancestral to the entire complex. Triaenodes smithi new species Length 12 mm. Color tawny with cream and brown striping on the front wing. Male genitalia as in fig. 1. Tenth tergite elongate, clavate, and with setae almost to apex. Clasper with lateral process longer than clasper base, finger-like ; mesal proc- ess well set off from remainder of clasper and having peglike setae around its edge and on its mesal face ; sclerotized process arising from base of clasper and recurved beside the aedeagus moderately long, those of the right and left sides almost identical. Aedeagus large and extending to tip of claspers. Terminal structures of female as in fig. 2. Ovipositor flaps (f) and the apical structures between them typical for the complex. In- ternal invaginations associated with the internal base of the ovipositor flaps consisting of a broad, rounded sclerotized pouch a and a dorsal irregular membranous structure c . Holotypc ($ and allotype $. Wolf Lake, ILLINOIS, at McCann School Spring, June 6, 1951, at light, Ross and Richards. Para- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41 4B b 4A FURCELLA FIGS. 1-6. Terminal parts of Triaenodes. 1, 3, 5, 6, male genitalia; A, lateral aspect ; B, dorsal aspect of tenth tergite. 2, 4, ovipositor flaps of female with associated internal imaginations ; a, b, c, d, internal struc- tures explained in text ; /, external part of ovipositor flap. types. All from the same locality; same data as holotype, 10^, 6$; October 6, 1947, Ross and Smith, 1 ^, 2$; May 14, 1948, Smith and Stannard, 1 ^, 1 $. These and other types described in this paper are in the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey. 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 In existing keys the male of this species will run to dipsia Ross and will approach f/avescens. From these two smithi may be distinguished by the evenly curved ventral margin of the aedea- gus (notched in dipsia} and the clavate tenth tergite which is widest not far from the apex (sinuate and widest near base in flavescens}. The female may be distinguished from related species by the shape of invaginated pouch a. THE injusta COMPLEX The ancestral form of this complex almost certainly arose from a species of the flavesccns complex having a male much like that of smithi or baris, but in which the long mesal projection of the tenth tergite simply doubled. In all species of the flaves- cens complex the tenth tergite is angled slightly to right or to left, usually one way or the other throughout a particular spe- cies, but occasionally a right-handed specimen will occur in a normally left-handed species. Perhaps as a consequence of this type of variation a double-handed individual arose and set the stage for the forked condition now found throughout the in- justa complex. Formerly only one species, injusta (Hagen), was recognized in the complex but detailed study of many series demonstrates the presence of at least three. Probably the most primitive species is jurcella n. sp. in which the female internal pouch a is unattached to flap d, fig. 4. The next evolutionary development occurs in injusta, fig. 7, in which flap d is joined to the upper edge of the base of pouch a, and the next is found in connata n. sp. in which pouch a and flap d have fused into a single, evenly sclerotized structure. A single female specimen from Arkansas may represent a still greater specialization of this structure but to solve this question more material is needed. The ranges of these species are of great interest, jurcella oc- curring only in Florida, injusta distributed from southern Que- bec westward through Minnesota (occurring principally in marshes, lakes, and large rivers), and connata in the hilly coun- try from Connecticut westward to at least Illinois. Thus it would appear that the progenitor of the injusta complex origi- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 CONN AT A 9B FIGS. 7-9. Ovipositor flaps and associated internal structures of Triaenodes females. A, lateral aspect, B, ventral aspect; a, c, d, internal structures explained in text ; /, external part of ovipositor flap. nally divided into a southeastern form now represented by jur- cella and a more northern species, and that the latter subse- quently divided into a more northern species (injusta) and a more southern species (connata}. If the Arkansas specimen does indicate the presence of another species, it is an offshoot of connata, and would imply a more recent division of that spe- 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Feb., 1959 cies. The ranges of these forms have certainly been affected by Pleistocene events, and there is the definite possibility that more data about the ranges themselves would give us valuable hints concerning these past happenings. Triaenodes furcella new species Length 12 mm. Color tawny with cream and brown pattern on the front wings. Male genitalia as in fig. 3. Tenth tergite forked, fig. 3B, each arm slender and almost transverse at the apex. Clasper with lateral process slender, slightly longer than base ; mesal lobe well set off from base and with the usual peglike setae ; basal sclerotized processes recurved alongside the aedea- gus, the two curved laterad almost equally at their tips. Aedea- gus large and extending to the tips of the claspers. Ovipositor flaps of the female and associated internal structures as in fig. 4. Sclerotized pouch a short and wide, with an apical indentation and a ventral lip b. Above this arises a large semi-sclerotized U-shaped flap d surrounded dorsally and laterally with mem- branous folds c. Holotype J 1 , allotype 5- Georgetown, FLORIDA, April, 1948. Paratypes. All from Florida ; same as for holotype, 4 J\ 11$; Orlando, May 5, 1944, Prison and Ross, 1 . This species is readily separated from its closest relative in just a by the truncate arms of the tenth tergite (pointed in injusta) and the short sclerotized internal pouch a of the female (large and fused with the dorsal edge of a in Injusta}. Triaenodes connata new species Length 12 mm. Color tawny with a cream and brown pat- tern on the front wings. Male genitalia as previously illustrated for injusta (Ross 1944), much as in fig. 3A but with tenth tergite otherwise and lateral process of clasper at most half as long as in fig. 3A. Tenth tergite, figs. 5, 6, with lateral arms stout and produced at apex into a point ; laterally there is some- times an angular shoulder at the base of the point. Terminal Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 structures of female as in figs. 8, 9. Ovipositor flaps and asso- ciated external structures typical for this and the flavescens complex. Of the internal structures, pouch a is fused solidly with flap d, the two forming a uniformly sclerotized continuous structure. In the specimens seen considerable variation occurs in the exact shape of this compound structure, both laterally and ventrally ; the extremes are illustrated by fig. 9, the holotype,. and fig. 8, a paratype from Mt. Carmel, Connecticut. Holotype $, allotype <$. Wilmington, ILLINOIS, along Kan- kakee River, July 1, 1935, DeLong and Ross. Paratypes. Mt. Carmel, CONNECTICUT, July 27, 1938, K. M. Sommerman, 1 5, September 15, 1944, A. H. Sommerman, 4<^, 1$; Livingston, KENTUCKY, June 16, 1935, H. H. Ross, 1?; Pineville, Ken- tucky, June 24, 1938, T. H. Prison and T. H. Prison, Jr., 1 J, 2$; Oakwood, Illinois, June 14, 1935, C. O. Mohr, 1 ?; Wil- mington, Illinois, same as for holotype, 1 $. This species is closest to injusta, from which it can be distin- guished by the fused confluent structure of the internal scler- otized pouch of the female, figs. 8, 9, in contrast to the deeper pouch found in injusta, fig. 7, and the semi-membranous condi- tion of flap d which is fused only with the basal part of pouch a. To date characters have not been found to separate with cer- tainty the males of these two species. LITERATURE CITED Ross, H. H. 1944. The caddisflies or Trichoptera of Illinois. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 23 : 1-326. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 An Unusual Swarming of a Stinkbug near Wasilla, Alaska By RICHARD H. WASHBURN, Alaska Experiment Station, Palmer, Alaska A stinkbug, Elasmostethus intcrstinctus (L.), was swarming near the shores of several lakes in the Matanuska Valley in the vicinity of Wasilla, Alaska in June, 1958. During most of the day they rested on vegetation, mainly the quaking aspen, Pop- ulus tremuloides. The heaviest concentrations were on the catkins and bark. From approximately 6 to 8 p.m. each evening they flew in a circular haphazard pattern, occasionally alighting on any con- venient surface before taking off again. In an area near Wasilla Lake they were especially annoying by alighting on heads and shoulders, in considerable numbers, of patrons of a lodge as well as the laundry that was hung up to dry in the vicinity. They were present in large numbers from June 1 to June 20 and disappeared from the area after a heavy rain shower. Although mating was observed, no eggs were found nor were nymphal forms observed later in the summer in the area. No evidence of feeding injury was found. Fortunately this species is not characterized by the objectionable odor so common to many of this group. This species has been noted in the Palmer vicinity previously but only as an individual specimen. The species was determined by R. I. Sailer of the Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Division, U.S.D.A. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the West- ern United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part XIX By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts * The preceding part under this general title was published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 69 : 215-221, 1958. Most of the species discussed herewith were taken in California in 1957 and 1958, the types of the novelties being preserved in the Alexander Collection of Crane-flies. Limonia (Dicranomyia) ypsilon new species Allied to gracilis; general coloration of mesonotal praescutum light brown with three darker brown stripes ; wings subhyaline, stigma slightly darker; male hypopygium with the proctiger dark brown, Y-shaped, very conspicuous in slide mounts. J 1 . Length about 6-6.5 mm. ; wing 6.5-7 mm. Rostrum yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar segments oval to long-oval, verticils rela- tively inconspicuous. Head grayish brown, the narrow orbits more yellowed, sparsely pruinose. Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum with the ground light brown, with three more or less distinct darker brown stripes, the lateral pair continued across the suture onto the scutal lobes ; scutellum light brown, paler apically ; medio- tergite dark brown, sparsely pruinose, pleurotergite paler. Pleura obscure yellow to brownish yellow, variegated with darker, especially on the anepisternum and ventral sternopleu- rite. Halteres elongate, stem dusky, narrowly yellowed at base, knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters testa- ceous yellow ; remainder light brown to brown, the outer tarsal segments darker. Wings subhyaline, stigma only slightly darker, inconspicuous; veins pale brown. Venation : Sc l ending * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of Massachusetts. I am deeply indebted to the National Science Foundation for financial aid to cover travel expenses in Western North America in 1956, 1957 and 1958. 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Feb., 1959 about opposite origin of Rs, Sc 2 far retracted, Sc alone sub- equal to or longer than Rs; m-cu at or close to fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the posterior borders nar- rowly obscure yellow, most evident on the intermediate seg- ments ; sternites paler brown, posterior borders yellowed ; hypo- pygium obscure yellow to brownish yellow. Male hypopygium generally as in gracilis, including the large tergite, straight dorsal dististyle, and unequally bifid rostral prolongation. The most evident difference, which has suggested the specific name, is the dark brown Y-shaped proctiger, very conspicuous in slide mounts. In gracilis, the proctiger appears as two pale and in- conspicuous divergent lobes or blades. The tergite differs in shape and structure in the two species, being more nearly oval, with heavily thickened margins, in gracilis; in ypsilon the cephalic border is strongly convex, the posterior margin nearly straight to subtruncate. Both species have the aedeagus con- spicuously hairy. Habitat. Pacific States. Holotype: J\ Coldwater Creek, Mammoth Lakes District, Mono Co., CALIFORNIA, 9,000 feet, July 16, 1957 (C. P. Alexander). Paratopotypes: $<$. Para- types: Numerous specimens from various localities, as follows : J 1 from the type series of particeps Doane, Keyport, Kitsap Co., WASHINGTON, July 1905 (R. W. Doane) ; Stevens Pass, Chelan Co., Washington, 4,000 feet, July 8, 1948 (C. P. Alexander) ; Peavine Ridge, Yamhill Co., OREGON, March 26, 1946, July 1, 1946 (K. M. Fender) ; Silver Creek Falls, Marion Co., Oregon, May 9, 1948 (K. M. Fender) ; State Line Brook, Del Norte Co., California, July 27, 1958 (C. P. Alexander) ; Prairie Creek State Park, Humboldt Co., California, July 23, 1958 (C. P. Alexander) ; Burney Falls State Park, Shasta Co., California, August 4, 1958 (C. P. Alexander) ; Lost Creek, north of Lassen Volcanic National Park, Shasta Co., California, 5,000 feet, August 10, 1958 (C. P. Alexander) ; Heifer's Ranch, Mendo- cino Co., California, July 19, 1958 (C. P. Alexander & Jacques Heifer) ; Russian Gulch State Park, Mendocino Co., July 20, 1958 (C. P. Alexander & Jacques Heifer) ; Cleone Lake, Mac- Kerricher State Park, Mendocino Co., July 20, 1958 (C. P. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49 Alexander & Jacques Heifer) ; Lagunitas Creek, Samuel P. Taylor State Park, Marin Co., California, in redwood forest, July 16, 1958 (C. P. Alexander) ; Pinecrest, Tuolumne Co., California, July 29, 1947 (Paul H. Arnaud) ; Kings Canyon National Park at Swale Camp, Tulare Co., California, 6,400 feet, July 19, 1957 (C. P. Alexander) ; Sequoia National Park, Tulare Co., California, June 6-8, 1948 (Otto Degener), July 18, 1957 (C. P. Alexander) ; Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., ARIZONA, 6,000 feet, June 4, 1942 (C. P. Alexander). This also includes all published records for particeps Doane between 1920 and 1958 with the exception of the actual types from Key- port, Washington. The present fly has been confused under the name particeps Doane (NT. NEWS, 19: 7-8; 1908). In the type series of the latter, all from Keyport, Washington, collected in July 1905 by Doane and including nine males and six females, it is now evi- dent that two species are confused. In an exchange of speci- mens with Doane I received a paratype male which naturally was considered as being conspecific with the holotype. How- ever an examination of this latter specimen in San Francisco in July 1946 clearly showed that this was a different species from the paratype that I had received earlier. The actual type of particeps is identical with the species later described as Limonia (Dicranomyia) uinta Alexander (AMER. MIDL. NAT., 39: 38- 40, figs. 13, 17; 1948) and true particeps is at present known only from Utah and Washington. I am greatly indebted to Drs. Edward S. Ross and Edward Kessel for preparing the genitalic mount of the holotype of particeps and in this manner finally clearing up a confusing situation in our study of the Western North American Tipulidae. The nearest relatives of ypsilon are L. (D.} particeps, as dis- cussed, and L. (D.~) gracilis (Doane). The latter is a larger more yellowish fly, with the hypopygial structure distinct, as discussed above. It is widely distributed in the west and like- wise occurs in the White Mountains, New Hampshire (Head- wall of Tuckerman's Ravine, Mount Washington, 5,000 feet, in late August). Moreover, the northern European L. (D.} hal- 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 terella Edwards appears to be conspecific and would become the valid name for the fly in case the name gracilis is ever con- sidered to be invalidated by prior use in Limonia (Limnobia) ,. as by Limnobia gracilis Wiedemann (1828) and Limnobia gra- cilis Zetterstedt (1838). Limnophila (Phylidorea) brevifilosa new species General coloration of thorax brownish yellow, the praescutum darker medially, pleura reddish; femora yellow, the tips nar- rowly darkened ; wings tinged with yellow, stigma dark brown, oval ; male hypopygium with the three branches of the aedeagus elongate but distinctly shorter and stouter than in all related regional species ; gonapophysis appearing as an exceedingly narrow blade that is extended into an acute spine. J 1 . Length about 9.5 mm. ; wing 8.5 mm. ; antenna about 1.6 mm. 9- Length about 10-12 mm. ; wing 10-12 mm. Rostrum plumbeous ; palpi black. Antennae with scape black, pedicel and flagellum light brown ; flagellar segments passing through oval to elongate. Head light gray. Pronotum brown, paler laterally. Mesonotal praescutum dark brown medially, the sides broadly brownish yellow ; scutal lobes darkened, especially on the mesal parts ; scutellum and medio- tergite obscure yellow, narrowly darkened medially ; pleuro- tergite reddish yellow. Pleura reddened, vaguely pruinose ; meron and metapleura yellowed. Halteres with stem pale yel- low, knob infuscated. Legs with coxae reddish yellow ; tro- chanters yellow ; femora yellow with a narrow vaguely indicated darkening at or close to the tip ; tibiae brownish yellow, narrowly darkened at tip ; tarsi obscure yellow, terminal segments darker. Wings tinged with yellow, the prearcular and costal fields clearer yellow ; stigma oval, dark brown ; very narrow pale brown seams over the cord, fork of M 1 + 2 and along vein Cu, the latter chiefly in cell M; veins pale brown, slightly brightened in the yellowed fields. Venation : Rs relatively short, a little longer than cell 1st M 2 , weakly angulated near origin ; cell M x Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51 longer than its petiole; m-cu at or close to midlength of M 3 + 4 . Abdomen obscure brownish yellow, in the male the subter- minal segments blackened to form a broad ring, hypopygium yellow; in the female, subterminal ring narrower, genital shield fulvous. Male hypopygium with the median tergal lobes oval, separated from one another by pale membrane. Terminal point of outer dististyle slender; outer half of inner style strongly narrowed, subcylindrical. Aedeagus a little longer and stouter than the lateral branches, all three elements distinctly shorter and relatively stouter than in other regional members of the adusta group. Gonapophysis appearing as an exceedingly nar- row blade that is extended into an acute spine. Habitat. CALIFORNIA. Holotype: <$, Intake Camp, Bishop Creek, Inyo Co., 8,000 feet, July 8, 1957 (C. P. Alexander). Allotopotype: $, pinned with type. Paratopotype: 1 $, pinned with type. Paratypes: 4 $$, Big Pine Creek, Inyo Cb., 9,000 feet, July 11, 1957 (C. P. Alexander). There are four regional species of the adusta group that have the male hypopygium much as in the present fly. Of these, Limnophila (Phylidorea) aquiatra Alexander and L. (P.} Olympic a Alexander are black species while L. (P.} pacalis Alexander and L. (P.) snoquahniensis Alexander are colored more as in the present fly but with the details of structure of the hypopygium distinct. The most similar species is snoqual- miensis. The relatively short stout branches of the aedeagus provide the strongest hypopygial characters in the present fly. Molophilus (Molophilus) gracilipes new species Belongs to the gracilis group, pubipennis subgroup ; allied to kulshanicus; size large (wing of male almost 6 mm.) ; general coloration of thorax reddish brown; legs extensively brownish black; wings weakly tinged with brown, without a darkened seam along vein Cu; vein R 2 + 3 oblique at origin; male hypo- pygium with the dorsal lobe of the basistyle slender and pointed ; dististyles slightly narrower than in kulshanicus. 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 J 1 . Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5.9 mm. ; antenna about 1.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black; basal flagellar segments elongate-oval, with long verticils and a dense white pubescence ; outer segments smaller with shorter verticils. Head dark brownish gray. Pronotum clear light yellow, dark brown on sides ; preter- gites narrowly obscure yellow. Mesonotum almost uniform medium brown or reddish brown, without distinct pattern. Pleura concolorous, dorsopleural membrane slightly more yel- lowed. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure brownish yellow ; femora brownish black, bases obscure yellow ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown ; legs long and slender, especially the fore and hind pairs ; posterior tibia a trifle shorter than the femur, slender. Wings weakly tinged with brown, prearcular and costal fields more yellowed ; no darkened seam along vein Cu as in kulshanicus; veins very pale brown, macro- trichia darker. Venation: R 2 lying distal to r-m; R 2 + 3 more oblique at origin than in kulshanicus ; petiole of cell M.. about twice m-cu; vein 2nd A ending shortly beyond the level of origin of petiole of cell M 3 . Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypo- pygium, as compared with kulshanicus, with the dorsal lobe of the basistyle slender and more pointed ; spicules of ventral lobe less numerous but similarly crowded. Both dististyles slightly narrower; phallosomic plate less obtuse at apex. Habitat. CALIFORNIA. Holotype: <$, West side of Sonora Pass, along Middle Fork of the Stanislaus River, Tuolumne Co., 8,600 feet, June 27, 1957 (C. P. Alexander). The most similar regional species is the more northern Molo- philus (Molophilns) kulshanicus Alexander, which differs in the dark body coloration, details of pattern of the legs and wings, and in slight differences in structure of the male hypopygium. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53 Molophilus (Molophilus) unispiculatus new species Belongs to the gracilis group, pubipennis subgroup ; size me- dium (wing of male 4.5 mm.) ; mesonotum grayish brown, lat- eral borders and pleura yellow ; knobs of halteres dark brown ; legs chiefly brownish black ; wings whitish, veins and macro- trichia darkened; R 2 in virtual transverse alignment with r-m; male hypopygium with the spicules of ventral lobe of basistyle extended into hairlike points ; outer dististyle long and straight, its distal third curved to an acute point, spicules very reduced, restricted to the outer third ; inner style smaller, strongly curved to the subacute point, surface with spicules, the more basal ones small. J*. Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm. ; antenna about 1.1 mm. Rostrum dark brown ; palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape and pedicel testaceous, flagellum black ; flagellar segments suboval, with elongate verticils. Head brownish gray. Pronotum and pretergites yellow. Mesonotal praescutum grayish brown, humeral and lateral borders yellow ; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly infuscated. Pleura and pleurotergite yellow, ventral sternopleurite vaguely more darkened. Halteres with stem whitened, knob dark brown. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; femora brownish black, the color produced chiefly by dark vestiture, only the bases restrictedly paler ; tibiae brownish black; tarsi black. Wings whitish, prearcular field restrictedly more yellowed ; veins brown, macrotrichia still darker. Venation : R 2 virtually in transverse alignment with r-m; petiole of cell M 3 about two and one-half times m-cu; vein 2nd A ending about opposite m-cu. Abdomen dark brown, hypopygium yellowed. Male hypo- pygium with the dorsal lobe of the basistyle relatively slender, its apex obtuse; ventral lobe with about 16 to 18 spicules that are extended into hairlike points and a marginal series of elon- gate setae. Outer dististyle long and straight for about two- thirds the length, thence curved into a long acute spine, on outer margin before tip with a single projecting spicule, with smaller ones back from the tip, all restricted to the outer third, surface 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1959 of outer half with scattered weak setae; inner style smaller, strongly curved to the subacute tip, with spicules over virtually the whole surface, the basal ones very small. Phallosomic plate obtuse at tip. Habitat. CALIFORNIA. Holotype: g, Coldwater Creek, Mam- moth Lakes District, Mono Co., 9,000 feet, July 28, 1957 (C. P. Alexander). The present fly is most similar to species such as Molophilus (Molophilus) rainierensis Alexander, differing especially in the coloration of the body and wings and in the structure of the male hypopygium. Insects captured in black-painted and unpainted light traps x By S. W. FROST, The Pennsylvania State University During the summer of 1957, two identically-constructed Penn- sylvania insect traps were operated adjacent to each other. One was a standard bright aluminum trap, the other was painted entirely dull black. The traps were hung six feet from the ground and so arranged that the lamps of the two traps were 3 feet apart. The positions of the traps were reversed every three days. Many of the records have been combined to condense the table. The midges include Chironomidae, Cecidomyiidae, My- cetophylidae and Psychodidae. Miscellaneous Coleoptera in- clude Phyllophaga, Aphodius, elm leaf beetles and several groups which were taken in small numbers. An analysis of the catches is given in tables 1 and 2. The results indicate that the unpainted trap was approximately twice as effective as the black-painted trap. The moths, especially Pyralidae, Crambidae, Arctiidae and Geometridae, seemed less 1 Authorized for publication on August 1, 1958, as paper No. 2282 in the journal series of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55 affected. Catches of four common species of economic impor- tance are given in table 2. TABLE 1. Insects Captured in Black-painted and Unpainted Light Traps State College, Pa., June 30-July 20 Insects Unpainted Painted black Insects Unpainted Painted black Culicidae 23 33 Elateridae 63 53 Rhyphidae 65 28 Misc. Coleoptera 3002 1529 Tipulidae 78 51 Pyralidae 64 61 Simuliidae 4 1 Crambidae 405 338 Midges 6569 3416 Geometridae 68 70 Anthomyiidae 205 75 Noctuidae 1221 874 Drosophilidae 239 107 Tortricidae 411 267 Lonchopteridae 75 21 Arctiidae 886 831 Boboridae 212 70 Other Macros. 132 115 Misc. Diptera 689 199 M icrolepidoptera 1429 1020 Aphididae 104 50 Macrotrichoptera 1915 973 Cicadellidae 30257 14513 Microtrichoptera 843 344 Miridae 1000 598 Formicidae 71 55 Misc. Homop. Hymenoptera 989 700 Hemiptera 244 106 Misc. insects 221 118 Carabidae 514 422 Staphylinidae 1167 442 Totals 53325 27574 Scarabaeidae 112 55 Curculionidae 48 39 Per cent 65.9 34.1 TABLE 2. Catches of Some Moths* Painted Insect Unpainted black Carpocapsa pomonella (L) 61 31 Agrotis ypsilon (Rott.) 96 85 Amathes c-nigrum (L) 27 17 Psendaletia unipuncta (Haw.) 726 457 * These species are included under Noctuidae and Tortricidae in table 1. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow ; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Conopidae of the World wanted. Will pay 10 to $1.00 for pinned and labelled specimens. S. Camras, 4407 N. Milwaukee Ave., Chicago 30, Illinois. Anisoptera Nearctic sp. wanted for exchange, espec. Ophiog., Arigom., Aeschna, Neurocor., Somatoc., Cordulia, Dorocor., Leucor. R. D. Cuyler, Dept. of Entomology, N. C. State College, Raleigh, N. C. Bembicini and Stizini (Hym., Sphec.) of New World wanted for revis. study. Will return upon request or at end of project. James E. Gillaspy, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. Texas, Austin 12, Texas. Agapema galbina. Will exchange cocoons of this moth for nature books. E. Frizzell, Route 4, Box 96, San Benito, Texas. Tenebrionidae of the World wanted, in exchange for insects of Argen- tina and neighboring countries. Horacio J. Molinari, Av. Lib. Gral San Martin 55, Acassuso (Buenos Aires), Rep. Argentina. Butterflies. Wish to exchange specimens for Japanese species. Please write to Ichiro Nakamura (Boy, age 16), 26 Aza-Nichiyama Obayashi Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. Phasmidae of nearctic area desired alive. Purchase or trade, drawing on large stock of major orders, worldwide. Domminck J. Pirone, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Nitidulidae and Rhizophagidae wanted in exchange for European bee- tles of all families. O. Marek, Zamberk 797, Czechoslovakia. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3, PENNSYLVANIA Publication scheduled for January 1959 MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Neor embus, Isorembus), Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus} and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, Baudia} are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS MARCH 1959 Vol. LXX No. 3 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS Evans Larvae of the Ampulicidae 57 Franklin Neocliprion swainei in Minnesota 62 Linsley and Hnrd Observations on some bees 63 Alexander Undescribed western crane-flies. Part XX 69 Judd Biting midges from catbird nests 79 Scott Collembola from Pennsylvania 81 Centennial Celebration 83 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $5.00 domestic; $5.30 foreign; $5.15 Canada. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. I -Aft 1 8 1959 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff: H. J. GRANT, JR., E. J. F. MARX, M. E. PHILLIPS, and J. A. G. REHN. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers: Domestic, $5.00; Foreign, $5.30; Canada, $5.15 U. S. Currency. 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Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. 13-16 pp. 17-20 pp. Coven 50 $3.95 $6.33 $ 9.89 $10.28 $13.44 $4.31 100 4.74 7.51 11.86 12.65 16.21 5.89 Add'l 100 1.58 2.36 3.94 4.74 5.54 3.16 Plates printed one side: First 50, $3.15; Additional 100's, $2.37. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXX MARCH, 1959 No. 3 The Larvae of the Ampulicidae (Hymenoptera) By HOWARD E. EVANS, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. The Ampulicidae form a small complex of wasps belonging to the superfamily Sphecoidea. They are variously regarded as forming a family close to the Sphecidae (Krombein, 1951), a subfamily of Sphecidae close to the Sphecinae (LeClercq, 1954), or a tribe of the sphecid subfamily Nyssoninae (Pate, 1938). Now that there has been a general review of the larval characters of the Sphecidae (Evans and Lin, 1956; Evans, 1957-59), it is appropriate to ask what light the larvae of the ampulicids may shed upon their relationships. THE LARVA OF AMPULEX To my knowledge no larva of this genus has ever been described in detail, and I therefore present a description of the larva of the North American species canaliculata Say. Termi- nology is the same as that employed in the recent study of sphecid larvae cited above. Ampulex canaliculata (Say) The following description is drawn from a single full-grown, non-diapausing specimen collected by K. V. Krombein at Kill Devil Hills, Dare Co., N. C, Aug. 12, 1958. Body. Length 7.5 mm.; maximum width 2 mm. (fig. 3). Fusiform, more gradually tapered anteriorly than posteriorly. Pleural lobes moderately strong; each segment divided dorsally into an anterior and a posterior annulet ; anal segment small, (57) .. JNSTITUTION MAR 1 3 58 K.vroMoi.or.icAL NEWS [Alar., 1959 slightly produced apically, the anus situated on the ventral side of this apical process. Body setae apparently absent ; integument smooth. Spiracles relatively large, the peritreme narrowly hut darkly pigmented ; walls of the atrium only very weakly sculp- tured ; opening into the suhatrium small, armed with a few spines ; subatrium elongate, leading directly into the trachea (fig. 1)- Head. Distinctly higher than wide ; width .43 mm. ; height (exclusive of labrum) .46mm. (fig. 2). Virtually unpigmented except for the mandibles. Coronal suture forming a small notch at the top of the head ; parietal bands faintly indicated ; epistomal suture absent ; punctures and setae apparently absent. Antennal orbits widely separated, circular, 40 ^ in diameter, each with three small sensory cones set in the membrane of the orbit. Mouthparts. Labrum .25 mm. wide, broadly emarginate apically, with a narrow border and a lightly pigmented median band ; disc with numerous punctures, some of which bear very short setae; epipharynx weakly spinulose on the sides, with four conspicuous sensory cones on each side of the midline (fig. 5). Mandibles .22 mm. long, .11 mm. wide at the base, without any setae or sensory pores, the apex with three teeth and two small denticles basad of the basal tooth (fig. 6). Maxillae weakly spinulose on the inner margin ; palpi large, about 40 fj. long ; galeae more slender, about 30 /i long ; sides of maxillae without noticeable setae or punctures (fig. 4). Labium fairly broad apically; spinneret a transverse slit .16 mm. long, its lips more prominent laterally than medially; labial palpi stout, about 30 p long. A second specimen, from Ithaca, N. Y., July 24, 1954 (C. M. Yoshimoto) resembles the North Carolina specimen closely but is not as well preserved. It is slightly larger, the head capsule measuring .48 mm. in width ; the mandibles measure .23 mm. long and have a single sharp denticle basad of the basal tooth. Williams (1929) has presented an excellent account of the biology of canaliculata, including a sketch of the larva feeding on a cockroach. Williams (1942) has also studied A. coiu- pressa (Fabr.) and presented some notes and sketches of the Ixx I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59 Ampulex canalicitlata (Say). Fig. 1. Anterior thoracic spiracle. Fig. 2. Head, anterior aspect on left side, posterior on right. Fig. 3. Body, lateral view. Fig. 4. Maxilla. Fig. 5. Labrum, upper surface on left, under surface (epipharynx) on right. Fig. 6. Mandible. larva of that species. The head is shown as being differently shaped than in canalicnlata and the labium broader, with the spinneret a long slit with the lips uniformly raised throughout. The mandibles bear a close resemblance to those of canaliculate. 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 THE LARVA OF DOLICHURUS Maneval (1939) has provided a description and series of figures of the diapausing larva of Dolicluinis corniculns (Spi- nola). The head is broader than in Ampiile.v and the parietal bands longer, although very pale ; the antennal orbits each bear five sensory cones rather than three. The labrum bears some strong setae and apparently lacks the marginal and median bands of Ampule. \\ The mandibles are bidentate apically and have two small denticles basad of the second tooth. The maxillae bear conspicuous setae laterally and the surface is covered with minute spinules ; the palpi and galeae are about as in Ampule.v. The labial palpi are unusually short, the spinneret a transverse slit with the lips much more prominent laterally than medially. DISCUSSION The larvae of the Ampulicidae clearly have many characters in common with the Sphecinae : the body form is similar and the integument lacks setae ; the spiracular peritreme is narrow and pigmented, the opening into the subatrium armed with spines ; antennal papillae are absent ; the labrum is broad, emarginate, and in Ampule. ,v has a pigmented margin much as in the Sphecini ; the mandibles are strongly dentate apically and lack basal setae ; the galeae are large, the lacinial area spinulose and directed mesad ; the spinneret is a transverse slit with raised lips. They bear less resemblance to the larvae of other Sphecidae, but they do have certain characters in common with the Pemphredonini : the antennal orbits are large and widely separated ; the labrum has a pigmented median band and a thickened, non-bristly margin ; the epipharynx has a few sensory cones but is otherwise bare except for a few lateral spinules. I consider the Sphecinae and the Pemphredonini the most primitive groups of Sphecidae, in that order (Evans, 1959). The larvae of the Ampulicidae may be separated from those of the Sphecinae on the following characters : the integument is devoid of spinules ; the parietal bands are weak ; the epiphar- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61 ynx is spinulose only on the sides, and there very weakly ; the mandibles lack basal pores ; the inner margin of the maxillae bears only short spinules ; and the lips of the spinneret generally project farther laterally than medially. Larval characters suggest that the relationship between the ampulicids and the Sphecinae is very close indeed. Like many Sphecinae, the ampulicids use orthopteroids as prey, and their nesting behavior, although primitive, is not notably different from that of some Sphecinae. Only on adult structure do the ampulicids stand sharply apart from the Sphecinae, for it is impossible to reason away the forked process on the mesoster- num of the ampulicids or the great reduction (or complete loss) of the anal lobe of the hind wing. Whether to regard the group as a separate family or as a subfamily close to the Sphecinae will remain a matter of opinion. Clearly the group has no close relationship to the Nyssoninae. REFERENCES EVANS, H. E. 1957-59. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 83: 79-117; 84: 109- 139, and in press. - and LIN, C. S. 1956. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 81: 131-153; 82: 35-66. KROMBEIN, K. V. 1951. U. S. Dept. Agri. Monogr. no. 2, pp. 937-938. LECLERCQ, J. 1954. Monographic systematique . . . des hymenopteres crabroniens. Liege. P. 21. MANEVAL, H. 1939. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 108: 55-57. PATE, V. S. L. 1938. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 64: 119. WILLIAMS, F. X. 1929. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., 7: 318-329. 1942. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., 11: 221-233. 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 Notes on Neodiprion swainei Middleton in Minnesota (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae) By RUDOLPH T. FRANKLIN, Division of Plant Industry, State of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 1, Minnesota Wallace and Sippell (1958) reported believing Swaine's jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei occurs throughout the range of jack pine, Phius banksiona Lamb. The author, John Kroeber, and Jacob Liche, on August 19, 1958, while examining jack pine stands in the Chippewa Na- tional Forest, near Cass Lake, Minnesota, collected a sawfly with which we were not familiar. It was later determined by D. R. Wallace to be N. szvainei. This is the first record of this sawfly in Minnesota. Later surveys extended the area of known distribution to Hubbard County (Nevis) and Crow Wing County (Brainerd), Minnesota. We can assume from this rather extensive distribu- tion and its occurrence in Ontario that the sawfly is present throughout much of the jack pine area of Minnesota. REFERENCES WALLACE, D. R., and W. L. SIPPELL. 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent., 51 (2) : 125. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63 Ethological Observations on Some Bees of South- eastern Arizona and New Mexico (Hy- menoptera: Apoidea) By E. G. LINSLEY and P. D. KURD/ University of California, Berkeley BEES ASSOCIATED WITH Mentselia puinila Among the more striking cases of physiological and etho- logical adaptations of bees to their pollen source, is the syn- chronization of their diurnal activity with special times of pollen availability. Linsley (1958) has reviewed some examples among the crepuscular, nocturnal, and matinal bees, especially those associated with flowers of Onagraceae and Cucurbitaceae. He also records the observations of P. H. Timberlake that Per- dita species of the zt'ootonae group collect pollen from Mentselia (Loasaceae) near sundown in Arizona and New Mexico during the fall, in the middle of the afternoon at Blythe, California, in April, when the flowers apparently open earlier in the day. In the first week of September, 1958, we had an opportunity to observe the behavior of bees associated with Mentselia puinila (Nutt.) T. & G. 2 growing along the roadway, six miles east of Portal, Cochise County, Arizona. At this season, the Mentselia plants were coming into bloom at about 3 :40 p.m. MST. Sub- sequently they were visited for pollen by at least 10 species of bees. 3 The majority of these, although present on each of sev- eral evenings, were not numerous, and probably took advantage of the available Mentselia pollen after working other sources during the remainder of the day. Included in this group were : Anthophora urbana Cresson, A. calif arnica Cresson, Agaposte- inon angelicus Cockerel!, Lasioglossum pniinosifonne (Craw- 1 The authors are indebted to M. A. Cazier, Director, Southwestern Research Station, Portal, Arizona, for making the facilities of the Station available as a base for the studies here reported and for other related projects. - The plant identifications used in this paper were kindly made by Helen K. Sharsmith, University of California Herbarium, Berkeley. 3 Identifications of the bees were made or confirmed by P. H. Timber- lake, Citrus Experiment Station, University of California, Riverside. 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 ford), L. microlepoides (Ellis), L. sisymbrii Cockerell, Melis- sodcs parosclae Cockerell, M. tristis Cockerell, etc. Two species of Bombus, B. sonants Say and B. nevadensis nevadcnsis Cres- son, although polylectic like some of the other bees mentioned, did show a special interest in Mentselia and were observed try- ing to force the flowers open at various times of day. However, three species of solitary bees appeared to have a definite asso- ciation and synchronization in their diurnal activity with the daily blooming period of the Mentselia flowers. These were Anthophora montana Cresson, Anthidium porterae Cockerell, and Pcrdita mentzeliae Cockerell. Observations on the behavior of each of these were made as follows : Anthophora montana Cresson, in early September was repre- sented at the flowers only be females. These were occasionally seen during the day taking nectar from Asclepias, Monarda, Hclcniuni, and other flowers but were not observed gathering pollen from any plants but Mentselia. These bees begin to arrive in the area shortly before the Mentselia flowers open, pausing for nectar on other plants while waiting, and begin to gather Mentselia pollen as soon as it is available. They are aggressive toward the other bees, especially Anthidium and Bombus and chase them off and away from the flowers with physical contact and sometimes pursuit. They also flew up about the head and face of the observer but did not attack. When approaching a flower they do so with the tongue ex- tended. They tend to poise, hovering in front of a flower, work it two or three times from this position, and then move to an- other blossom. They are very active and produce a humming sound while flying and collect pollen until after sunset. Anthidium porterae Cockerell was represented by both sexes, and since the flowers were the site of mating, males arrived before the flowers opened and waited for the females. The latter were about equally abundant with the Anthophora and were active about equally long. Mating took place while the females were gathering pollen and usually lasted for about half a minute with the female remaining quiescent. Mating pairs were seen throughout the period of female activity, suggesting that indi- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65 victuals may mate more than once. Males not only pounced upon female Anthidium, but also upon Anthophora and Bombus and appeared to exert a disturbing influence on pollen collecting activities but probably no more so than the aggressiveness of female Anthophora. The nesting habits of this species have been described by Hungerford and Williams (1912), Hicks (1926), and Custer and Hicks (1927). Perdita mentseliae Cockerell, appeared among the Mentzelia flowers considerably later than the larger bees and were more difficult to observe. Both sexes were present on the flowers but no mating pairs were seen. The activity observed about the flowers on the afternoon of September 2, 1958, was as follows : 3 :35 p.m. Scattered clouds but warm and bright. Flowers closed. 3 :41 p.m. Few Anthidium and Anthophora flying among the plants. First flowers beginning to open. 3 :48 p.m. Large numbers of Anthidium and Anthophora flying among the flowers and making a clearly audible hum as a group. Many flowers now opening and first females of Anthidium and Anthophora- taking pollen along with workers of both species of Bombus. 4:10 p.m. Approximately 20 per cent of flowers open, re- mainder mostly flaring. Bees about same level of abundance. 4:15 p.m. Perdita evident. Female Anthophora noted chasing Anthidium away from flower being visited by former. Anthophora appear more numerous. 4 :20 p.m. Approximately 40 per cent of flowers open. Ac- tivity of Anthophora and Perdita increased. 4 :22 p.m. Open flowers increasing in number. Mating pair of Anthidium commenced with buzz at union, remained quiescent and in copulo for 40 seconds during which female cleaned mouthparts, then separated rapidly and flew in opposite direction. 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar.. 1959 4 :25 p.m. Approximately 60 per cent of flowers open and some individual plants with all flowers open. Anthophora very abundant. 4 :27 p.m. Anthidium pair mated on flower for 35 seconds from union to separation, the female cleaning mouthparts as noted previously. 4:35 p.m. Thin overcast partially obscuring sun. AntJiid- i it in pair mating in same pattern for 29 seconds. 4:45 p.m. Female Anthophora chased off female Anthidium from flower several times. Another mating pair of Anthidium observed the time 36 seconds, the female taking nectar. 4:50 p.m. Mating of Anthidium initiated on flower but pair fell to ground and completed act in 30 seconds. 4:52 p.m. Anthophora female pursued Bombus for from 25 to 30 ft. Another seen chasing a female An- thidinin, a male of the latter not pursuing Bombus. 5 :00 p.m. First female Agapostemon seen taking pollen, another at 5 :03 p.m. Anthophora flew up to in- vestigate observer. Male Anthidium contacted Bonibus then took off to pursue female Anthidium. Several mating pairs seen, one timed at 31 sec- onds. One female Anthidium followed observer for from 35 to 40 seconds. 5 :03 p.m. Sun almost completely hidden by overcast. 5:08 p.m. Male Anthidium pounced on back of female An- thophora but took off again quickly. 5:15 p.m. Male Anthidium knocked large Bombus sonants worker to ground twice, another pounced on a female Melissodes. 5 :22 p.m. Clouds break but sun nearly setting. Female of Zodion oblique j as datum seen in pursuit of An- thophora. Male Anthidium pounced on female Anthophora, another knocked Bombus to ground but latter returned to same plant and resumed collecting pollen. A second male Anthidium struck the same bumblebee without chasing it away from the plant. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67 5 :30 p.m. Melissodes now also taking pollen as is Agapo- stetnon and numerous Perdita. Male Antliidhun attempted copulation with female on flower but was frightened away. Female lay on her side in flower for several seconds, then flew off. 5 :40 p.m. Sun setting. Anthidium mating, Bombus, Ayapo- stcinon, Melissodes, Anthophora all taking pollen, but latter in smaller numbers than earlier. Some new flowers beginning to open near tips of branches. 5 :45 p.m. Another Anthidium pair mating. 5 :47 p.m. Large flurry of Anthophora activity. Wind gusty and light growing weaker. Thunderclouds build- ing up. 5 :52 p.m. New flowers still opening. Mating Anthidium observed. Perdita becoming scarce. 5 :56 p.m. Xo Perdita evident. 6:00 p.m. Antliidinin still abundant. Bombus active. 6:07 p.m. Mating Anthidium. 6 :08 p.m. Beginning to rain but Anthidium and Anthophora still taking pollen in spite of large drops falling. 6:12 p.m. Bees left flowers suddenly as intensity of storm increased. MATINAL BEES AT GRANITE PASS, NEW MEXICO On August 22, 1958, Granite Pass, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, was visited in search of bees active at dawn. When we arrived it was still dark and a cold wind was blowing. There O had been a heavy rain during the night and the ground was soaked and the vegetation wet. Nevertheless, we could hear bees noisily flying about. When it was light enough to see, these proved to be females of Ccntris caesalpiniae Cockerell visiting Kraemeria for nectar, and males of Caiipolicana yarrowi (Cresson) and females of Martinapis luteicornis (Cockerell) visiting Larrea divaricata Cav. for nectar and pollen respec- tively. In spite of the cold temperature the bees were very active, flying fast, and difficult to capture. 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 MATING HABITS OF Dianthidium Dianthidium ulkei perterritum Cockerell was very abundant near Portal, Cochise County, Arizona on flowers of Haplopap- f>ns gracilis (Nutt.) Gray, Aster tanacetifolius, HBK., Heli- anthus and Heterotheca suba.rillaris. Mating pairs were ob- served on the flowers throughout the day on August 17, 1958, between 9:55 a.m. MST and 3:20 p.m. when it clouded up for a thunderstorm. One pair was timed at 163 seconds from con- tact to separation. During copulation the female stopped col- lecting pollen but rotated slowly extracting nectar from each nectary. The male performed a continuous pumping motion with the abdomen and as soon as this ceased the pair separated and flew off in opposite directions. The mating habits of Dianthidium curvatuni sa\'i Cockerell have been described by Custer and Hicks (1927). This species mates for a somewhat shorter period of time (60-65 seconds), at both the nest site and on flowers, and one female was seen to mate twice in three days. LITERATURE CITED CUSTER, C. P., and C. H. HICKS. 1927. Nesting habits of some anthi- diine bees. Biol. Bull., 52: 258-277. HICKS, C. H. 1926. Nesting habits and parasites of certain bees of Boulder County, Colorado. Univ. Colorado Studies, 15 : 217-252. HUNGERFORD, H. B., and F. X. WILLIAMS. 1912. Biological notes on some Kansas Hymenoptera. Ent. News, 23 : 241-260, pis. 14-16. LINSLEY, E. G. 1958. Ecology of solitary bees. Hilgardia, 27 : 543-599. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69 Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the West- ern United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part XX By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts * The preceding part under this general title was published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 70: 47-54. The majority of the spe- cies considered at this time were taken by the writer, chiefly in California. A few further species from other sources are ac- knowledged in the text. All types of new species and subspecies are retained in my personal collection. Tipula (Yamatotipula) tenuilinea new species Allied to albocaudata; mesonotal praescutum grayish brown, with four scarcely differentiated grayish brown stripes that are very narrowly margined by medium brown to form six narrow lines ; wings weakly tinged with brown, stigma dark brown, conspicuous ; abdominal tergites with two pale brown stripes, very narrowly separated by a yellow median line, outer seg- ments darkened ; male hypopygium with the apex of the outer dististyle truncated, the lower margin dilated at near midlength ; inner style with the beak and outer basal lobe subequal in size and appearance. cf. Length about 17-19 mm.; wing 16.5-19 mm.; antenna about 5.5-6.5 mm. Frontal prolongation of head obscure yellow, including the elongate nasus ; palpi light brown, terminal segment darker. Antennae relatively long, as shown by the measurements; scape, pedicel and basal half of first flagellar segment yellow, remainder of organ brownish black ; flagellar segments moderately incised. Head gray, more whitened on front and anterior part of vertex ; posterior vertex with a brown central area, the sides, with the genae, clouded with darker. * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of Massachusetts. I am greatly indebted to the National Science Foundation for financial assistance in conducting field studies in California in 1957. 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 Pronotum pale, vaguely patterned with darker. Mesonotal praescutum with the ground light gray or grayish brown, with four scarcely differentiated gray or grayish brown stripes that are very narrowly margined with medium brown, forming six narrow lines, with indications of a still further central vitta ; scutum gray, the lobes patterned with brown, the smaller ante- rior area darker ; scutellum buffy, parascutella testaceous ; postnotum pale gray. Pleura almost uniformly light gray ; dor- sopleural membrane pale yellow. Halteres with stem brown- ish yellow, knob infuscated. Legs with coxae light gray ; tro- chanters yellow ; femora yellow, tips narrowly but conspicuously blackened, the amount subequal on all legs ; tibiae yellowish brown, tips very narrowly and inconspicuously darker ; tarsi brown, claws simple. Wings weakly tinged with brown, pre- arcular and costal fields, especially cell Sc, more yellowed; stigma large, dark brown, conspicuous ; anterior cord, ni-cu and distal section of Cn narrowly seamed with brown ; central part of disk, especially cell M, paler than remainder of ground ; veins brown, more yellowed in the brightened fields. Venation : Petiole of cell M, variable in length, in cases very short. Abdominal tergites chiefly covered by two broad pale brown stripes that are very narrowly separated by a yellow median line ; sternites more yellowed ; outer segments, especially eight and nine, more darkened. Male hypopygium with the posterior border of the ninth tergite produced into an elongate median lobe that is split for approximately one-half its length into two lobules, their apices with blackened points. Outer dististyle elongate, pale, truncated at apex, lower margin beyond mid- length strongly dilated ; base and posterior margin on more than the proximal half with very long and conspicuous black setae, these pale and inconspicuous on outer half. Inner dististyle complex, the beak and outer basal lobe of somewhat similar shape and size, the latter somewhat longer, densely covered with setulae ; dorsal crest forming an irregular obtuse lobe, not ap- pearing as a spinous point, as in cduinndsi, outer part with a row of short setae, near base with a row of short setae, still nearer base with several longer setae from strong basal tubercles. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71 Habitat. WESTERN UNITED STATES. Holotype: <$, Castle Crags State Park, Shasta County, CALIFORNIA, 2,000 feet, July 5, 1953 (Alexander). Paratypes: <$, Pullman, Washington, June 6, 1907 (Melander), determined as cognata by Melander ; J 1 , Oclell Lake, Klamath County, Oregon, August 6, 1948 (Alex- ander) ; ($, Intake Camp, Bishop Creek, Inyo County, Cali- fornia, 8,000 feet, July 8, 1957 (Alexander) ; , more numerous at near midlength of the sections, lacking at the outer ends. In Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77 dorothca, the trichia of veins beyond cord very sparse, occurring as short series on both sections of 7?.. Venation : Rs evidently shorter than in dorothca, only a little longer than vein R; inner end of cells 1st M 2 not arcuated, the cell subequal to the distal section of vein M 1 + 2 ; m-cu and distal section of Cu i subequal. Abdomen black, subnitidous, lateral borders narrowly brown- ish yellow; hypopygium small, dark reddish brown. Habitat. CALIFORNIA. Holotype: <$, Waddell Creek, Santa Cruz County, May 19, 1951 (W. C. Day). This distinct fly is named for the collector, Mr. William C. Day, student of the Ephemeroptera. It is readily told from other species that are allied to Hexatoma (Eriocera) vclveta (Doane) by the pattern of the wings, including the darkened costal border. The most similar species, in nature of leg pat- ern, is H. (.) dorothca Alexander, of Oregon, which differs in details of size, structure of the antennae, trichiation of the wing veins, and in other characters that are indicated in the description. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) megacantha new species General coloration yellow : mesonotal praescutum, scutum and pleura patterned with brown, antennae short, flagellum black ; legs pale brownish yellow ; wings subhyaline, outer veins with conspicuous macrotrichia ; vein R s perpendicular ; m-cu only a short distance beyond the fork of M ; abdomen yellow, the seg- ments with basal brown rings ; male hypopygium with the apical spine of the outer dististyle large, decurved ; gonapophysis with outer end slightly expanded, the tip subacute. J\ Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 6.5 mm. ; antenna about 1 mm. Rostrum yellow ; palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape yellow, pedicel testaceous, flagellum brownish black to black; basal two flagellar segments fused, succeeding ones oval, the outer segments more elongate, a little shorter than the verticils. Head clear light yellow. 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal praescutum almost covered by three reddish brown stripes, the ground color yellow, inter- spaces narrow ; pseudosutural foveae reddish brown, inconspicu- ous ; posterior sclerites of notum yellow, scutal lobes extensively reddish brown. Pleura chiefly yellow, variegated on ventral sternopleurite and meron by reddish brown areas. Halteres pale, knob clear light yellow. Legs with coxae yellow, tro- chanters more obscure yellow ; remainder of legs pale brownish yellow to light brown, the outer tarsal segments slightly darker. Wings subhyaline, prearcular and costal fields more yellowed ; veins pale brown. Macrotrichia on veins beyond cord, includ- ing R 4 , all of distal sections of R- and M l + . 2 , more restricted on M s and M 4 . Venation : Sc long, Sc 1 ending about opposite two- thirds the length of the long Rs, Sc. 2 apparently atrophied ; vein R : , perpendicular, separated from ^ ] + 2 at margin by a distance a little less than its own length ; vein R 4 nearly as long as R 2 + ^ + 4 , very gently arcuated; cell 1st M., gently widened outwardly; in-cu unusually far basad, about one-third to one-fourth its length beyond the fork of M ; cell 2nd A pointed at outer end. Abdomen yellow, segments with a narrow but conspicuous brown basal ring ; hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium with the spines of outer margin of outer dististyle relatively few but conspicuous, the terminal spine very large, decurved ; inner style strongly narrowed at tip. Gonapophysis relatively stout, the slightly expanded elongate apical blade subacute at tip. Habitat. CALIFORNIA. Holot\pc: J 1 , South Fork of Kings River, Kings Canyon National Park, Fresno County, 4,500 feet, July 20, 1957 (Alexander). The most similar regional species is Rhabdoinasti.v (Sacan- daga) trichophora Alexander, which differs especially in the venation and in the structure of the male hypopygium, particu- larly the dististyles. Associated crane-flies along the Kings River included Pedicia (Tricyplwna) aperta (Coquillett), Di- cranota (Rhaphidolabis) qucntla Alexander, Erloptcra (Arcto- conopa] cinctlpcnnis Alexander, E. (Psiloconopa] bisulca Alexander, and Molophilns (Molophilns} pcrflavcolus Alexander. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79 Biting Midges (Culicoides spp.) from Catbird Nests at London, Ontario By W. W. JUDD, Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario In two communications recently published (Judd, 1954, 1957) accounts were given of the occurrence of biting midges, Cnli- coidcs spp., in nests of catbirds, Dumetella carolinensis, at London, Ontario. The presence of these flies in two separate nests in two different years, 1953 and 1955, indicated that there might be an habitual relationship between Culicoides and the catbird, especially in view of the fact that the flies in one nest (Judd, 1954) were engorged with blood. Accordingly, an op- portunity was taken in 1958 to examine more nests of catbirds in London to see if Culicoides occurred in them. The site in which the catbirds nested in 1958 was an aban- doned brickyard in northeast London about three miles east of the localities in which Culicoides were found in nests previously. The brickyard is about twelve acres in area and is bounded by Cheapside, Taylor, Victoria and Adelaide Streets, all these streets having houses on them with their backyards extending toward the interior of the brickyard. The brickyard is over- grown with trees, weeds and shrubs which provide nesting sites for birds and at its lowest point, near the centre, there is a small cat-tail marsh occupied by Typha angustifolia and fed by a meagre stream which flows sluggishly through black muck into the marsh. Three catbird nests were found in the brickyard and after the succession of egg-laying and hatching had been followed and the young birds had left the nests, the nests were collected and insects were removed from them. 1. This nest was four feet from the ground in a raspberry bush. Four eggs were laid successively on May 19, 20, 21 and 22. By June 9 there were four young birds in the nest and they had left by June 16. No flies were found in the nest. 2. This nest was four feet from the ground on top of the stub of a willow tree about 5 inches in diameter and was sheltered 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 by overarching vines. Four eggs were laid successively on May 20, 21, 22 and 23. There were four young birds by June 9 and they had left by June 16. No flies were found in the nest. 3. This nest was four and a half feet from the ground in a bush of twin honeysuckle. Three eggs were laid successively on May 22, 23 and 25. There were three young birds by June 9. One bird left the nest on June 16' and the other two on June 17. When the nest was collected on June 17 two biting midges, engorged with blood, were found in the debris in the bottom of the nest. The two midges are retained in the collections of the Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario. The midges were identified by Dr. W. W. Wirth, Entomology Research Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture, one as Culicoides haematopotus Mall, and the other as C. biguttatus (Coq.). Both these species occur commonly in eastern North America (Foote and Pratt, 1954; Coher et al., 1955). A likely breeding place for the flies was the mud along the stream which passed a few yards west of the bush in which the nest yielding the midges was built. Wirth and Bottimer (1956) report rear- ing C. haematopotus in particular from mud at pond and stream margins. REFERENCES COHER, E. I., W. W. WIRTH and H. KNUTSON. 1955. Mosquito News 15: 153-155. FOOTE, R. and H. D. PRATT. 1954. Public Hlth. Monogr. No. 181 : 1-53. JUDD, W. W. 1954. Can. Field-Nat. 68 : 122-123. -. 1957. Entomol. News 68 : 32-34. WIRTH, W. W. and L. J. BOTTIMER. 1956. Mosquito News 16 : 256-266. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 Collembola from Pennsylvania By HAROLD GEORGE SCOTT T Between December 1948 and August 1959, observations were made on two species of springtail insects occupying soil at the base of a locally potted commercial Poinsettia pulcherrima at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The plant was heavily infested with the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hetniptera, Coccidae). The Collembola involved were both from the sub- order Arthropleona, family Entomobryidae. Specimens will be deposited at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Subfamily ISOTOMINAE Schaffer Spinisotoma (Frisonia) veca Wray, 1952 The Pennsylvania specimens agree with the description by Wray (1952) except that they are larger. Wray reports 0.8 mm. length, but many of the Pennsylvania specimens reach 1.0 mm. DISTRIBUTION. 111., Penna. This species has not been re- corded previously from Pennsylvania. Subfamily ENTOMOBRYINAE Schaffer Entomobrya atrocincta Schott, 1896. Figure 1 A great deal of confusion has existed regarding the species of this genus for many years. For this reason the following diag- nosis is presented. DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS. Elongate, segmentation dis- tinct ; setae present, scales absent ; integument smooth ; white to yellow with brown, blue, purple or black dorsal and lateral spots, bands or both ; antenna 2\ times length of head : eyes 8 1 Training Branch, Communicable Disease Center, Bureau of State Services, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia. 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., 1959 and 8 on dark eyepatches ; prothorax reduced, naked dorsally ; without double row of smooth bristles on inside of tibiotarsus ; 1 tenent hair ; inner edge of unguis split longitudinally ; unguis with 1 outer, 2 lateral, and 6 marginal teeth ; unguiculus slender, lanceolate, untoothed ; Abd IV 4-5 times III; dentes dorsally crenulate ; mucro with apical teeth, anteapical spine, and basal spine ; length 2 mm. FIG. 1. Entoinobrya atrocincta color form clitellaria. DISTRIBUTION. Cal., 111., Iowa, Md., Mass., Minn., N. Y., Penna., Utah, Ontario (Canada), Europe, South America, Australasia. DISCUSSION. This species, a common household insect, is divided into seven color forms by Maynard (1951, pp. 145155). The Philadelphia specimens approximate Maynard's Entouio- br\a atrocincta f. clitellaria (-- Entomobrya clitellaria Guthrie, 1903) (Fig. 1). This form has not been reported previously from Pennsylvania, but Maynard (1951) took three other forms of the species (f. albicollis, f. atrocincta, and f. nigrocincta) by sweeping honeysuckle in July at Heidlersburg, Adams County. Ixx I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 83 SUMMARY Two Collembola, Spinisotoma vcca and Entomobr\a atro- cincta color form clitellaria, are reported from soil at the base of a commercial Poinsettia pnlclierrnna at Philadelphia. Both are new records for Pennsylvania. REFERENCES CITED GUTHRIE, J. E. 1903. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, zool. ser. no. 4, vi + 173 pp. MAYNARD, E. A. 1951. The Collembola of New York State. Ithaca: Comstock Pub. Co., xxii + 339 pp. SCHOTT, H. 1896. Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 6: 169-196. WRAY, D. 1952. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 47: 95-106. Centennial Celebration The celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of the American Entomological Society will be held on Thursday, March 26th. On that day the Society will have open house at the Academy of Natural Sciences, from 10 o'clock until noon. At one o'clock an informal luncheon will be served in the library of the Academy to members and invited guests, and in the afternoon, at 2:45, there will be a panel discussion, also in the library, on the Role of the Smaller Entomological Societies. Participating panelists will be : Mr. Curtis \V. Sa- brosky, Moderator, Dr. Charles P. Alexander, Dr. Ross H. Arnett, Jr., and Dr. John B. Schmitt. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Conopidae of the World wanted. Will pay I0 0.4 cm. : #30.6 X 0.4 cm. : #40.6 X 0.8 cm. : #5 0.7 < 0.6 cm. (Two sting.s were given here, close to- gether, i The erythematous areas were confluent for all but #4 ; the area here was 3.0 X 3.5 cms. Diameter of erythematous area was 10.5 cms., measured from the outer edge of the area on #1 to the outer edge of #4. 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 Diameter of wheats at 10:50 A.M.: #12.1 X 1.1 cm.; #2- 1.0 X 0.7 cm.; #31.4 X 0.8 cm.; #41.0 X 0.9 cm.; #5- 1.1 :: 1.0 cm. Temperature at 10:50 A.M. 98.2. At 10:59 A.M. the area of erythema surrounding the two stings of #5 began to sweat profusely. The pulse was 74. At 11:30 A.M. the erythematous area measured 12.0 cms. maximum diameter. By 11 :45 A.M. all evidence of wheals had disappeared from all the stung regions except #5. At 12:06 P.M. the pulse was 74." The circumference of the knee remained the same during an afternoon of moderate exercise. It remained feverish and pain- ful, however, and seemed swollen at times. The following morning (7 A.M.) the circumference of the knee was 38 cm. and at 10:10 A.M. it was 39.8 cm. Twenty-four hours later it was normal. Dr. Brown allowed one worker to sting him with the follow- ing notes as recorded by him : "One sting on the anterior aspect of the arm, over the tendon of the biceps at 11 :01 A.M. 11 :03.5 Diameter of erythema 3.5 X 3.5 cms. Diameter of wheal 0.3 X 0.5 cm. (Minute blood-point at the point of entrance of the sting.) 11:16 Diameter of erythema 4.5 X 6.0 cms. Diameter of wheal 0.7 X 0.6 cm. 11 :29 Diameter of erythema 5.0 X 5.0 cms. 11 :45 Diameter of erythema -5.0 X 5.0 cms. ; the wheal had disappeared. The stung area remained red and painful all afternoon. The sensation was one of a dull throbbing ache, repeating the feeling of the original sting with diminished intensity ; there was some slight itching." It is clear from the reactions of the above six subjects that the sting of one ant is sufficient to cause a marked reaction, whose duration and magnitude depend on the site of stinging and the subject. It is also clear that multiple stings could cause a sys- temic reaction of some severity. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89 In a search of the world literature on stinging ants, numerous records have been found which show that various genera and species are involved. Holarctic major genera include Mynnica and Monica, cosmopolitan genera include particularly Solenopsis, pantropical genera are Lcptoyenys and Odontomachus, Tropical Asia and Africa have Tctraponera and Dorylus and Africa has also Megaponera. The Neotropical Region has Eciton, Para- ponera, Neoponera and Pseudomyrmex. Australia is noted for its Myrmccia. It has been my experience to be stung by all of these. A NOTE ON Pogonoiuyrinc.v POPULATIONS The agricultural and general importance of the species of Pogonomynnc.v in the Western United States have caused them to be the subject of numerous studies and the present mono- graphic treatment by Dr. A. C. Cole. The population of a colony of barbatits had been found to be 12,358 adults by \Yildermuth and Davis (1931, U.S.D.A. Farmers Bull. 1668). The nests are sufficiently prominent on the western plains that they may easily be seen from the propeller-type airplanes that are now passing out of the long distance transportation picture. On a flight south from Salt Lake City, Utah, towards Los An- geles on February 17, 1946, the ground, lightly dusted with snow, appeared in places pock-marked by the ant nests. The nests had in previous years been noted from the ground in the same regions and determined as Pogonomynne.v, probably occi- dcntalis. From something like 5000 feet above the ground the nests appeared in the early morning sunlight as small, dark spots near the centers of many of the bare clearings in the vegetation. Roads laid out on section lines, thereby forming grids of one square mile, were also conspicuous. From the airplane the nests along a mile of road could be seen and at a glance the general distribution of the nests in the square mile could be determined. Over several square miles, particularly between Salt Lake City and Sevier Lake, the nest clearings were from two to five diameters distant from one another. Previous oh- 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 servations from the ground had shown the clearings to he of the order of magnitude of five feet in diameter. Where the nests were fairly uniformly distributed over the square mile, the count of nests along one side was all that was necessary to estimate the numbers of nest in the square mile. Squaring the count would give a rough approximation of this number. The highest concentration was on level or rolling sagebrush flats and somewhat less on gentle slopes at the bases of small mountain masses. The nests were often abundant down to the southwest corner of Utah. From these rough data, if each nest clearing was about five feet in diameter and 25 feet apart there would be a nest every 30 feet or 176 to the mile. Were the square mile to be evenly populated, there would be more than 30,000 nests (30,976) and, at a conservative figure of 10,000 adults to the nest, a population of at least 300 million ants. It would seem inescapable that these ants would be the dominant animal in such areas. For a History of Entomology Professor J. J. DAVIS is interested in compiling a History of Entomology and in particular, at the present time, a history of amateur insect clubs which flourished seventy-five years ago. Will you who have knowledge of early insect clubs or societies please advise Professor Davis, giving such facts as time of existence, members, etc., which you may have. Address: Dr. J. J. Davis, Department of Entomology, Purdue University. Lafayette, Indiana. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91 New Reared Species of Lygocerus Foerster (Hymenoptera : Ceraphronidae) By C. F. W. MUESEBECK, United States National Museum Species of Lygocerus are most commonly associated with sternorrhynchous Homoptera, especially aphids and mealybugs, and to a lesser extent chermids and psyllids. They develop either as hyperparasites through other Hymenoptera that are primary, or as parasites of predatory larvae such as those of Syrphidae (various genera) and Chamaemyiidae (especially Leucopis and Cremanijania} . Other recorded hosts include Coniopterygidae and species of the dipterous genera Phytophaga and Meromyza. Although specimens have been reared abundantly the Ne- arctic species have never been critically studied taxonomically. Apparently most of them are undescribed. Five species for which names are desired are described here. Two of these were reared from Leucopis, two as hyperparasites of aphids and one from a hemerobiid. Lygocerus leucopidis, new species In some respects this is very similar to pacificus Ashmead but it is immediately distinguished by the relatively short scape of the female antenna which does not nearly attain the vertex of the head, whereas the scape of female pacificus extends con- spicuously above the vertex. It differs further in the stouter antennal flagellum, and in having the petiole of the abdomen closely, longitudinally striate. In pacificus the petiole is nearly smooth, with only a few weak striae. Female. Length 1.5 to 2 mm. Head seen from above twice as broad as long ; frons gently convex and at its narrowest point narrower than eye height, strongly shagreened and dull ; width of temple at narrowest point less than length of antennal pedi- cel ; first segment of antennal flagellum a little longer than pedi- cel and much less than half as long as scape ; at least some of the flagellar segments less than twice as long as broad ; vertex 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 sculptured like frons ; ocellocular line at least one and one-half times the diameter of an ocellus. Thorax stout, slightly narrower than head ; mesoscutum nearly or quite twice as broad as long and, together with scu- tellum, sculptured like frons and vertex ; notaulices and median furrow of mesoscutum complete and sharply impressed ; meso- pleuron coriaceous and dull. Abdomen at widest point slightly wider than thorax; petiole of abdomen coarsely, longitudinally striate, the middle striae more than half as long as scutellum. Black ; basal half of scape and, in the larger specimens, all legs reddish yellow, with the hind coxae, femora and tibiae more or less piceous or blackish ; in the small specimens the legs more extensively black ; anterior wing hyaline with a fuscous cloud below stigmal vein. Male. Differs from the female in its broader frons, clear hyaline wings and very different antennae, which are as illus- trated. Type. U. S. National Museum No. 64574. Type-locality. Albany, CALIFORNIA. Described from 11 females and 12 males reared by Fred D. Bennett from purparia of Lencopis sp. in June and July, 1958. The host larvae were preying on aphids living on Cotoncastcr, Pyracantha and Sali.r. Lygocerus pinicola, new species This is rather similar to leucopidis, but it may be readily distinguished from that species by its more slender form, and especially by its much narrower head. Female. Length 1.5 to 2 mm. Head relatively long and narrow, much less than twice as wide as long viewed from above ; frons evenly convex, and at narrowest point distinctly narrower than eye height ; frons and vertex strongly shagreened and sub- opaque ; ocellocular line barely longer than longest diameter of an ocellus ; scape attaining level of vertex ; first flagellar segment about one-third as long as scape ; flagellar segments 2 to 8 Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93 shorter, less than twice as long as broad ; width of temple at narrowest point less than length of antennal pedicel. Mesoscutum only a little broader than long, sculptured like the head, and with sharp, complete notaulices and a narrow but sharply impressed median groove ; scutellum and mesopleuron sculptured like mesoscutum. Abdomen not wider than thorax, the petiole coarsely, longitudinally striate. Black ; antenna, including scape, entirely black ; anterior wing hyaline with a very faint cloud below radius ; legs piceous to black, the anterior pair sometimes brownish yellow in front. Male. Like the female except that the wings are entirely clear hyaline, the frons is relatively broader, and the basal flagellar segments are deeply serrate as illustrated. Typc.U. S. National Museum No. 64575. Type-locality. Berkeley, CALIFORNIA. Described from 3 females and 1 male reared at the type locality from Lcitcopis atrifacies Aldrich on Monterey pine, by Fred D. Bennett, June 20, 1958, and 1 male taken on foliage of Monterey pine at San Rafael, Marin Co., California, in June, 1958. Lygocerus latifrons, new species This species differs strikingly from the two species described above in its relatively much wider frons and its long malar space, which is much more than half as long as an eye. Female. Length 2 to 2.3 mm. Head more than twice as wide as long viewed from above : frons at narrowest point con- spicuously wider than eye height and slightly concave below middle of eyes ; frons and vertex finely granulose and mat ; width of temple at narrowest point greater than length of an- tennal pedicel : antennae longer than head and thorax combined ; scape extending far above level of vertex ; first flagellar segment twice as long as pedicel and half as long as scape, much longer than any of the following segments, but all flagellar segments at least twice as long as broad. Thorax stout but a little narrower than head : mesoscutum finely granular, three-fourths as long as wide; notaulices and 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | April, 1959 median groove sharply impressed and complete ; scutellum flat- tened medially and finely granulose except at sides where it is more or less rugulose ; mesopleuron coriaceous, shining. Abdo- men at widest point slightly wider than thorax ; petiole strongly longitudinally striate. Black ; antennae more or less brownish ; wings clear hyaline, no fuscous cloud in anterior wing ; legs largely yellowish brown, with coxae, femora and tibiae sometimes more or less piceous. Male. Like the female but with the frons even relatively wider, and with the antennae a little more slender and the scape much shorter. Unlike the male antennae of most species of Lygocerus those of this species do not have the basal flagellar segments serrate. Type. U. S. National Museum No. 64576. Type-locality. Escondido, CALIFORNIA. Described from 6 females and 4 males reared from hemerobiid cocoons by D. W. Clancy in June, 1936. Lygocerus attentus, new species In the structure of the female antennae and in the color of the legs this species resembles floridamts (Ashmead), but it differs widely in other respects, especially in the decidedly narrower frons, in the clouded anterior wing of the female, and in the more weakly serrate male antennae. Female. Length about 1.7 mm. Head seen from above more than twice as wide as long ; frons at narrowest point not wider than eye height ; frons and vertex coriaceous and subopaque ; scape of antenna extending a little above vertex ; first flagellar segment longer than pedicel or second flagellar segment ; width of temple at narrowest point much less than length of pedicel. Thorax slightly narrower than head ; mesoscutum about twice as wide as long, with notaulices and median groove sharply im- pressed and complete ; mesoscutum and scutellum coriaceous and subopaque ; mesopleuron finely coriaceous and shining. Abdo- men a little wider than thorax"; base (petiole) of second tergite with short and coarse striae. Black ; base of scape brownish yellow ; anterior wing with a conspicuous fuscous cloud across middle ; legs yellowish brown, Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Male antenna of : a, Lycocerus attentus, new species ; b, /-. leucopidis, new species ; c, L. latifrons, new species ; d, L. incompletus, new species, and e, L. pinicola, new species. 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 with coxae, hind femora and hind tibiae more or less blackish. Male. Antennae slender, flagellar segments 1 to 6 very weakly serrate ; frons wider than eye height ; all coxae, tro- chanters and femora black ; otherwise essentially like the female. Typc.U. S. National Museum No. 64577. Type-locality. Aroostook County, MAINE. Described from 8 females and 3 males reared from Macro- sip hum solanifolii (Ashmead) by W. A. Shands in 1953. Lygocerus incompletus, new species Distinguished from all described North American species by its incomplete notaulices. In that character it approaches Den- droccrus Ratzeburg, but in other details and in habitus it is like Lygocerus and I believe its correct placement is in this genus. Female. Length about 1.4 to 1.7 mm. Head twice as wide as long viewed from above ; frons at narrowest point slightly wider than eye height ; frons and vertex coriaceous and shining ; width of temple at narrowest point much less than length of pedicel ; scape of antenna extending noticeably above vertex ; all flagellar segments at least twice as long as broad, the first and last the longest. Mesoscutum and scutellum sculptured like frons ; median groove of mesoscutum sharply impressed and complete ; notau- lices impressed only anteriorly, not attaining middle of meso- scutum ; mesopleuron weakly coriaceous and shining. Abdomen wider than thorax ; petiole with short and strong striae. Black ; antennal scape brownish yellow at extreme base ; wings entirely clear hyaline ; legs brownish yellow, with coxae, hind femora and hind tibiae more or less infuscated. Male. Antennae long and slender, basal flagellar segments weakly serrate ; all femora somewhat infuscated ; otherwise es- sentially like the female. Typc.U. S. National Museum No. 64578. Type-locality. Aroostook County, MAINE. Described from 26 females and 8 males reared from Macro- sipJntm solanijolii (Ashmead) by W. A. Shands in 1953. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 97 The Neotropical Species of the Ant Genus Stru- migenys Fr. Smith: Group of emeryi Mann (Hymenoptera) By WILLIAM L. BROWN, JR., Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University This paper is a continuation of my series on the New World fauna of the dacetine ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith. Earlier parts, containing keys to the abbreviations for measurements and proportions, may be found in Jour. New York Ent. Soc. 61 : 53-59, 101-110 (1953). In addition to these, other parts have been published or are being published in the same journal and in Studia Entomologica, Petropolis, Brazil. Figures of the species here described have been prepared, but are being re- served for a final summary with keys to the New World Strumi- yen\s, to be published after the groups have all been dealt with. The emeryi group includes a number of species intermediate between the loitisianae group and the series of groups about S. mandibiilaris Fr. Smith. The species are more or less like S. louisianae Roger, but most of them are larger, with longer mandibles. Several of the species have oval pits, one in each lateral face of the propodeal lamellae, which may or may not be rilled with a light-colored incrustation, probably representing a hardened secretion. I call these pits the propodeal lacunae. In emeryi and close relatives in this and adjacent groups, there is frequently present on each inner mandibular border a minute denticle, probably homologous with the proximal preapical tooth of species such as mandibiilaris. This denticle is often very difficult to see except at high magnifications in silhouette against a bright background ; often the view must be oblique. Strumigenys emeryi Mann Strumigenys (Strumigenys) emeryi Mann, 1922, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 61 (13) : 37, fig. 18, worker, female. Type loc. : La Ceiba, Honduras, by present selection. Other orig. loc. : San Juan Pueblo, Honduras. Syntypes in USNM, MCZ. Worker (6 syntypes, and 4 specimens representing the Mexi- can localities listed below) : TL 2.6-2.9, HL 0.59-0.64, ML 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 0.38-0.40, WL 0.65-0.69, CI 80-82, MI 61-64. Resembling in general habitus S. louisianae, but larger, more elongate, and with different sculpture, pilosity and mandibular dentition. Mandibles depressed, their insertions close together and the shafts parallel at full closure ; external borders sharply drawn in at their bases. Inner borders straight to apical fifth, and then becoming slightly concave, with a small, acute preapical tooth set approximately its length or very slightly more away from the dorsal apical tooth, which is three or four times as long as the preapical tooth. Apical fork of two stout subequal spini- form teeth forming a broad U in which is set a single small triangular, acute intercalary denticle. Dorsal ridge of inner mandibular border with a minute proximal preapical denticle (occasionally broken off) at or near the apical third of the exposed mandibular length ; this denticle best seen in silhouette against a bright white background; it was overlooked by Mann. Antennal scapes (of three syntypes) similar to those of elon- gata; L 0.40-0.41 ; funiculus L 0.56-0.57; apical segment slightly longer than remainder of funiculus. Segment IV slightly longer than I and much longer than II plus III; II slightly longer than broad; III as broad as or slightly broader than long. Pronotum with rounded anterior border, humeri not or only weakly subangulate, with small tubercles. Posterior half of dorsum of alitrunk weakly concave in profile ; metanotal groove depressed only feebly. Propodeal teeth short, acute, moderately elevated and each subtended below by a concave translucent lamella that is slightly broadened ventrally, subangulate, with narrow lateral lacuna. Petiole and postpetiole much as in clongata, but the disc of the postpetiole is less convex ; petiole with a fairly well devel- oped ventral spongiform strip. Both nodes also with luxuriant spongiform appendages otherwise. Postpetiolar disc with a cultrate border ; its surface smooth and shining, with a few- short, fine longitudinal costulae along its anterior margin. Basigastric costulae 10-14, usually occupying about | or slightly less of the basal tergite. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99 Head with the usual punctulate sculpture, but this overlain by a stronger, more or less longitudinal rugulation on the dorsuni posterior to the clypeus. Alitrunk with punctulation partly effaced, clorsum rather loosely and indefinitely longi- tudinally striato-rugulose, sides mostly smooth. Median cari- nula of promesonotum strong and distinct. Petiolar node rugu- lose loosely over punctulation. Mandibles, legs and antennae finely and densely punctulate-granulose. Pilosity much as in clongota, but the cephalic ground hairs slightly smaller and less conspicuous. Flagellate hairs ar- ranged as in clonr/ata, but usually slightly finer. Dorsum of head with 2 pairs of stiffly erect clavate or narrowly spatulate hairs, the shorter pair on the vertex and the longer pair on the occiput as in elongata; ground hairs of alitrunk inconspicuous and few in number. Color variable. Types light to medium ferruginous, with gaster slightly darker. The Tehuantepec specimens are slightly larger, darker and less strongly rugulose. The Guerrero specimen is largest, very strongly rugulose, and its color is a very dark mahogany, approaching black, with mandibles and appendages ferruginous. Dark specimens of normally light-colored Strumigenys species often seem to come from moist upland areas, but the exact locality for the Guerrero specimen is unknown. Female : I have seen no specimens of this caste, but Mann states that it has shorter mandibles than does the worker, and also thicker propodeal spines and coarser sculpture. Judging from his measurements of the workers, the length of the female in terms of the present TL would approach 3.0 mm. Male unknown. Localities for material studied (in addition to the syntypes from Honduras) : Mexico: St. Lucrecia, Tehuantepec (W. M. Mann). Laredo, Texas, from orchid plants originating in Guerrero (U. S. Plant Quarantine). Strumigenys nevermanni new r species Holotype worker: TL 2.68, HL 0.61, ML 0.36, WL 0.67, CI 79, MI 59. Close to emeryi, but differing slightly in pro- 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 portions, in lacking a proximal preapical denticle on the mandi- ble, and as follows : (1) Propodeal teeth a little longer and more slender, about as long as the distance between the centers of their bases, with very narrow concave infradental lamellae bearing no appreciable lacunae on their outer faces. (2) Head a bit less strongly, alitrunk more strongly, longi- tudinally rugulose, the rugulae spaced, regular and straight on the pronotum. Distinct median carinula extending onto meso- notum. Petiolar node densely punctulate, not strongly rugulose as in emeryi, and with distinctly less well developed spongiform appendages. Postpetiolar disc convex, shining, nearly smooth, with indistinct outlines of longitudinal striation appearing at high magnification. Only a part of the posterior sides and lower propodeal declivity of alitrunk smooth and shining. Color ferruginous yellow, gaster more brownish. Holotype, a worker selected from a type series of 8 workers and one dealate female, taken at Hondura, 1050 m. altitude, COSTA RICA (F. Nevermann leg.; deposited in USNM). Para- types (from this series; USNM, MCZ), 7 workers: TL 2.59- 2.82, HL 0.61-0.63, ML 0.36-0.38, CI 77-80, MI 58-60. Dealate female paralyse: TL 3.1, HL 0.63, ML 0.38, WL 0.77, CI 84, MI 60. Mesonotum rugulose, with a few erect tapered hairs. Known only from the type series. Strumigenys micretes new species Holotype worker: TL 2.99, HL 0.71, ML 0.45, WL 0.73, CI 72, MI 63. Close to emeryi, but larger, more slender and with narrower head. Also the following differences in detail from emeryi: ( 1 ) Distal preapical tooth slightly smaller than that on man- dible of emeryi (ca. -j as l n g as dorsal apical tooth), slender and very acute. Proximal preapical denticle extremely minute, difficult to see, distant from distal preapical tooth by not more than twice the length of the latter and situated at about the apical fifth of the ML. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101 (2) Dorsal borders of scrobes with a narrow laminar margin (present but vestigial in eineryi) having a slight bend or con- vexity at about the level of the eyes. (3) Rugulation not quite as distinct as in most etneryi workers. Median carinula of alitrunk distinct, but weak ante- riorly on pronotum. Postpetiolar dorsum with low, indistinct longitudinal striation, running its whole length, only weakly shining, subopaque in some lights. Lower half of sides of ali- trunk, but not fore coxae, more or less smooth and shining; sculpture otherwise as in cmeryi. (4) Lacunae of propodeal lamellae larger and more distinct than in etneryi. Color reddish ferruginous, gaster lightly infuscated ; mandi- bles, antennae, legs and postpetiolar dorsum yellow. Holotype from a nest series taken by W. M. Mann at Colom- biana Farm, Santa Clara Province, COSTA RICA, in 1924 (USNM). Paratype workers from the same series: TL 2.9-3.1, HL 0.70-0.74, ML 0.45-0.47, WL 0.72-0.76, CI 71-74, MI 62-65 (USNM, MCZ, Borgmeier Coll.). A series received belatedly from the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology through the courtesy of Dr. Paul Kan- nowski was collected by F. M. Gaige at Progreso, Chiriqui Prov., Panama, April 15, 1923. These workers are slightly larger and have the mandibles a bit longer proportionately : HL 0.75-0.76, ML 0.50-0.51, MI 66-68. CI about as in the type series. Proximal denticle more remote from apex. Strumigenys lacacoca new species Holotype worker: TL 3.17, HL 0.75, ML 0.47, WL 0.75, CI 69, MI 62. Closely similar to micretes, but still more slender and with narrower head, and lacking preapical mandibular teeth or denticles of any kind. Other differences in detail, as com- pared to micretes: (1 ) Propodeal teeth shorter, acute, involved to their apices in the infradental lamellae. Secretorv lacunae in the sides of 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 the lamellae large and conspicuous, with shining bottoms (no secretion present in holotype or paratypes). (2) Petiolar node with a rather abrupt anterodorsal angle falling off through a steep anterior slope ; posterodorsal face straight in profile and gently sloping posteriad. (3) Postpetiolar disc small, weakly convex, only very slightly broader than the petiolar node and broader than long ; largely smooth and shining, but with weak longitudinal costulae along anterior border. (4) Almost the entire sides of alitrunk smooth and shining, more extensively so than in micretes. Rugulation of head dis- tinct. Basigastric costulae similar, but perhaps a bit longer. (5) Pilosity basically as in micretes, but the two pairs of hairs on the verticocciput flagelliform instead of narrowly spatulate. (6) Color ferruginous yellow, gaster slightly more brownish. Holotype worker (in USNM) one of a series of 7 from the type nest series, taken by T. E. Snyder on the Rio Chinillo, PANAMA CANAL ZONE. The six para-type workers from this series (USNM, MCZ) : TL 2.8-3.2, HL 0.70-0.75, ML 0.45- 0.48, WL 0.72-0.75, CI 67-71, MI 60-66. Female and male not seen. Because of its complete lack of mandibular preapical teeth, this species might be confused with India or other members of the elongata group, but the very different proportions of head and mandibles, different propodeal lamellae, and many other features will serve to separate lacacoca from such species. The four species emeryi, nevennanni, micretes and lacacoca are very close, and seem, from the limited material available, to replace one another in a chain extending from Mexico to Panama, and perhaps beyond. So far as I can see now, the differences are complex enough and strong enough to indicate that each form is a distinct species, perhaps together one super- species. However, it is also not beyond possibility that one or more of these forms intergrades with a neighbor. More mate- rial is needed. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 103 Strumigenys boneti new species Holotype worker: TL 2.1, HL 0.50, ML 0.30, WL 0.50 mm., CI 82, MI 60. In general habitus closely similar to smaller workers of mixta, but lacking the distal spiniform preapical tooth present in mixta. The minute denticle on the dorsal ridge of the inner mandibular border, however, is present and situated slightly basad of the apical third of the ML; this corre- sponds to the proximal denticle of mixta and emcryi. Apical fork of two approximately equal spiniform teeth, with an ex- tremely small, inconspicuous intercalary tooth. Posteriorly, the occipital excision is rather broad and deep. Eyes not greatly reduced, moderately convex, visible from perfect full-face view of head. Scape L 0.32, funiculus 0.42 mm., size, shape and segmental proportions as in mixta, but scape perhaps very slightly more slender, with slender spatulate hairs forming a very regular row of 7 or 8 on the anterior border, all directed decumbently toward the apex. As compared to mixta, the only other difference seen is in the paired lateral occipital, humeral and mesonotal hairs, which in boneti are rather short, stiffly erect and slender subclavate or truncate. On alitrunk, ground pilosity reduced to 6 or 8 very slender, short inconspicuous hairs, one small pair stiffly erect on the posterior mesonotum. Pilosity, sculpture, spongiform ap- pendages, etc., otherwise identical to those of mixta. Holotype, a unique worker taken in a Berlese funnel (Sample No. ,1109) at Palmillas, Tabasco, MEXICO, by Dr. Frederico Bonet, in MCZ. Paratypes: A larger worker, but with shorter mandibles, from the ridge between Antiguo Morelos and Nuevo Morelos, Mexico (E. S. Ross leg.). TL 2.3, HL 0.56, ML 0.28, WL 0.57 mm. ; CI 80, MI 50. Two workers, intermediate in size and propor- tions between the holotype and the Morelos paratype, from Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico (L. T. Stannard leg.). Para- types in California Academy of Science and MCZ. I received the holotype specimen in 1949, and the basic de- scription was composed at that time. Since boneti was so close 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 to uii.vta, it seemed best to hold the manuscript until further material might come to light. That material has now arrived in the form of the paratypes cited above, stemming from widely separated Mexican localities, and the diagnostic characters have remained consistent. 5. boneti is obviously rather close to iiii.vta, and may well have arisen directly from mixta. The retention of the proximal (submedian) mandibular denticle with the loss of the distal preapical tooth is rare in Strutnigenys, and boneti is the only New World species so far shown to have this dentitional pattern. Ichneumon canadensis Cress. Selection of New Lectotype By GERD H. HEINRICH, Dryden, Maine According to Cresson's original description (Trans. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1867, p. 308) the tibiae I and II of this species are yellow banded, the tibiae III yellow with black apex; the 3rd and 4th tergite have a black band at the base ; the antennae are "short, joints thick set." The original description mentions four fe- male specimens as material. The present lectotype No. 940 of the species Ichneumon canadeiisis Cress, (designated in Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., number 1, 1916) does not at all match the description. This specimen has reddish colored tibiae without any yellow tint, its tergites 3 and 4 are uniformly red without any black band and the an- tennae are long and slender. It therefore cannot be considered as the type. The series of four paratypes in the Cresson collection is com- posed of 2 females belonging to yet another species, which does not match the original description and also 2 females which ex- actly match the description in every regard. I have selected one of the latter as the true lectotype of the species Ichneumon canadensis Cress. Ixx I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105 Two New Typhlodromus from Florida. (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) By DONALD DE LEON, Pensacola, North Carolina The two species described below are of particular interest because the females are practically the same in appearance, but the males can be readily separated by their distinctive sperma- tophoral processes and by the different number of preanal setae. They belong to the species group with four pairs of anterior lat- eral setae and fit most closely the characterization of T. cucn- tneris Oud. as given by Chant (1958) ; they differ chiefly from the characterization of that species in that in the females the pair of pores on the ventrianal shield is in line with the posterior pair of preanals instead of being posterior of them, and in the males the ventrianal shield bears a pair of pores instead of lacking them. All measurements are in microns. I have followed Evans (1957) in the use of metatarsus in place of basitarsus and, as in previous papers, the system suggested by Garman (1948) for distinguishing the setae of the dorsal shield. Typhlodromus dentilis, n. sp. FEMALE : Dorsal shield imbricate, 295-329 long, 180-199 wide (five specimens) with nine lateral, two median and six dorsal pairs of setae. The lengths of these setae follow : LI 29, L2 19, L3 21, L4 29-34, L5 27, L6 27, L7 16, L8 13, L9 75 (pecti- nate) ; Ml 13, M2 44 (pectinate) ; Dl 24, D2 11, D3 13, D4 14-20, D5 20, D6 8. LI and L4 are about as long as or some- what longer than the distance between the bases of L1-L2 and L3-L4, respectively, L2 and L3 distinctly shorter than the dis- tance to the seta next behind ; the six setae of the dorsal hex- agonal area shorter than the distance between their bases. SI and S2 present. Peritremata extending forward to Dl. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae ; two pairs of metapodal shields, the primary one oval, 21 long and about 5.5 wide, the accessory linear, 10 long and about 2.5 wide. Ventrianal shield with three pairs of preanal setae and a pair of half-round pores be- 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 tween the posterior pair of preanals and in line with them or very slightly anterior of a line between them ; ventrianal shield 109 long, 92 wide, practically pentagonal in shape, but widest by a small amount at about the middle pair of preanals and slightly constricted caudad beginning at a point about in line with the posterior pair of preanals ; four pairs of interscutal setae includ- ing VL1 which is 47 long bordering ventrianal shield. Movable digit with three teeth ; fixed digit with pilus dentil is and 10 teeth including the subapical tooth. Legs rather short and heavy; genua I-IV each with a macroseta 18, 15, 22, and 37 long, respectively ; tibia IV and metatarsus each with a macro- seta 18 and 61 long, respectively ; all macrosetae slightly en- larged at tips. MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 231-248 long, 144- 163 wide (three specimens). Ventrianal shield with three pairs of preanals and a pair of pores. Spermatophore bearer roughly L-shaped with a large triangular process extending from "heel" ; length of foot, including process, 23, length of shank 15. Fixed digit with pilus dentilis and with six teeth extending basad from subapical tooth, the first tooth about half the height of the others; subapical tooth greatly enlarged, the terminal hook (or tooth) appearing merely as a small spur. Holotype: Male, Miami, FLORIDA, May 24, 1^956 (D. De Leon), from Rhus copallina. Paratypes: four females, same data as for holotype; two males, two females, S. Miami, Fla., November 24, 1954 from Ccntradenia sp. ; one male, one female, Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., October 23, 1954, from Jussiaea peruviana; one male, Key Largo, Fla., September 27, 1958, from Callicarpa americana. Typhlodromus dillus, n. sp. The male of T. dillus can be most readily distinguished from the male of T. dentilis by the foot of the spermatophore bearer being about as long as the shank, the heel lacking the triangular shaped process, and by the ventrianal shield having four pairs of preanal setae. The ventrianal shield of the female has the Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107 sides practically straight or slightly bowed out whereas in dcn- tilis the sides bend in slightly. FEMALE: Dorsal shield imbricate, 294-315 long, 168-188 wide (five specimens) with nine lateral, two median, and six dorsal pairs of setae. The lengths of these setae follow: LI 18-26, L2 14-18, L3 12-19, L4 18-31, L5 14-24, L6 17-24, L7 14-21, L8 14-18, L9 63-73 (pectinate) ; Ml 9-15, M2 33-47 (pectinate) : Dl 18-26, D2 14-18, D3 10-14, D4 11-17, D5 10-20, D6 10. SI and S2 present. LI and L4 are somewhat shorter to about as long as the distance between the bases of L1-L2 and L3-L4, respectively ; L2 and L3 are distinctly shorter than the distance to the base of the seta next behind ; the six setae of the dorsal hexagonal area are shorter than the distance between their bases. Peritremata extending forward about to Dl. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae ; two pairs of metapodal shields, the primary one unevenly oval, 17 long, about 5.5 wide, the accessory linear, 9 long, about 2.5 wide. Ventrianal shield 108 long, 92 wide with three pairs of preanal setae and a pair of half-round pores between and in line with the posterior pair of preanals ; ventrianal shield bordered by four pairs of interscutal setae including VL1 which is 40-45 long. Movable digit with three teeth ; fixed digit with piliis dcntilis and nine teeth includ- ing the subapical tooth. Legs rather short and heavy ; genua I-IY each with a macroseta 16, 14, 19, and 24-36 long, respec- tively ; tibia IV and metatarsus each with a macroseta 10-16 and 40-51 long, respectively; all macrosetae slightly enlarged at tips. MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 252 long, 147 wide. \ entrianal shield with four pairs of preanal setae and a pair of pores. Spermatophore bearer roughly L-shaped, the foot about 10 long with a small more or less laterally directed process near the middle, the shank about 13 long and rather thick. Movable digit with one tooth, fixed digit with six teeth basad of subapical tooth which is about the size of the terminal hook. f/olofypc: Male, Harwell, FLORIDA, September 1, 1956 ( 1). I )e I .con ) , from Hicoria sp. Paratypes: three males, four fe- males, other data as for holotype ; one female. Fellowship. Ha.. September 1. 1956, from Zantho.vyluin cluru-licrciilis ; one male 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 April, 1959 and one female, Branford, Fla., September 1, 1956 from Quercus sp. Additional specimens were collected at Columbus, Ga., August, 1956, from alder and from red maple. Types of the above two species are in the author's collection ; paratypes will be deposited in the University of Florida Collec- tions, Gainesville. LITERATURE CITED CHANT, D. A. 1958. Immature and adult stages of some British Phyto- seiidae Berl., 1916 (Acarina). Jl. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zoology, 43 (294) : 599-643. EVANS, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Jl. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, 43 (291) : 203-259. CARMAN, P. 1948. Mite species from apple trees in Connecticut. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 520. Eucerceris simulatrix Viereck & Cockerell Mis- spelled on Type Label By H. A. SCULLEN On a recent visit to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Sept. 29, 1958) the writer discovered Type No. 10396 was labeled Eucerceris simulator Viereck & Cockerell. This was one of a series of type labels placed on specimens by E. T. Cresson, Jr. As no E. simulator was ever described a careful check was made with the original description of E. simu- latrix Viereck & Cockerell (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII: 87, 1904). The above specimen was found to agree with the original description of E. simulatrix. 1, therefore, consider the above specimen to be the Holotype of Eucerceris siiniilatri.v Viereck & Cockerell and have so corrected the label. The spe- cies was described from a single specimen. As indicated in my 1939 review of the genus Eucerceris (Oreg. State Monog., Studies in Ent., No. 1, p. 28) E. sininla- tri.v V. & C. is a synonym of E. jiilvipes Cresson. Ixx I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109 Further Notes on the Genus Gesonula (Orthoptera ; Acrididae; Cyrtacanthacridinae) By JAMES A. G. REHN, Curator of Insects, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia A few years past the author assembled a considerable amount of information on the forms of this genus, 1 and demonstrated that it was made up of two species, one of them G. punctifrons being southeast Asian in distribution, the other mundata with a broad range from northern Thailand through the Sunda Islands to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and northern Australia, and north at least to the Philippines. Previous rec- ords of the genus from Formosa (Taiwan) and the Ryukyu Islands could not then be placed specifically, as material from those areas was not available. Since the above mentioned paper was published additional material of the genus has become available, some belonging to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Cambridge, Mass., some to the California Academy of Sciences, at San Francisco, Cal., and also a few specimens in our Academy series which had been overlooked previously. The information supplied by these small but important representations is of particular value as it fixes the relationship of Formosan and Ryukyu populations and also shows that south Thailand possesses the same member of the genus as the more northern portion of the same country, that the Gesonula of this area as a whole is Indonesian and not continental Asian in relationship, and further that Lower Burma individuals show the same Indonesian affinity. While previously I knew the north Thailand material was of the mundata stock, I then lacked any representation from the Bangkok area, which, fortunately, is now available. A key to the forms of the genus, and ample discussion of the species and subspecies have been presented in the earlier paper, and the present contribution is largely of supplementary, chiefly geographic, information. 1 "On the Genus Gesonula," Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., LXXVIII, pp. 117-136, pi. V, (1952). 110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1959 Gesonula punctifrons (Stal) CHINA: Hangchow, Chekiang Province; V, 25, 1923; (E. C. Van Dyke); 1; [Cal. Acad. of Sci.]. Cneng-tu, Szechuan Province; (Crampton) ; 1$; [M.C.Z.]. Gesonula mundata laosana Rehn BURMA: Toungoo ; (A. V. B. Crumb); 1$; [A.N.S.P.]. THAILAND: Bangkok; III, 3, 1928; (R. M. de Schauensee) ; 5^,3?; [A.N.S.P.]. This material demonstrates that mundata, and this one of its component subspecies, is the representative of the genus found in lower Thailand, as well as the more northern, more montane, portion of the country, and also in Lower Burma, although the broadly distributed continental Asian G. punctifrons is the gen- eric representative in the mountainous areas of northern Burma, as well as in Assam. Gesonula mundata sanguinolenta (Krauss) NEW GUINEA: Finschafen ; V, 10, 1944; (E. S. Ross) ; 1 ^; [Cal. Acad. Sci.]. Roon Island; (Thomas Barbour ) ; 1 J* ; [M.C.Z.]. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Fulakora, Santa Isabel Island; (W. M. Mann) ; 1 $; [M.C.Z.]. Gesonula mundata zonocera (Navas) It is now clearly evident that Racilia okinawensis Shiraki (1910, Acrid. Japans., p. 58), based on material from Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands and Formosa, is inseparable from Navas zono- cera, proposed six years earlier, on the basis of Philippine mate- rial. This point I was unable to solve in my earlier study. PHILIPPINES: 10 ms. E. of Olongapo, Bataan Province, Lu- zon, elev. 1200 ft. ; V, 1907 ; (J. C. Thompson) ; 3 $ ; [Cal. Acad. Sci. and A.N.S.P.]. Carayrayan, Baco, Mindoro ; - XII: (Pedro de Mesa) ; 2 J, 3 $ ; [M.C.Z. and A.N.S.P.]. - I have been unable to place this locality, either in the index of geo- graphic names or on the detailed map of Mindoro (facing p. 190) in the comprehensive 1918 Philippine Census volume (published in 1920). Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111 FORMOSA [TAIWAN] : Karenko; IV, 23, 1932; (L. Gressitt) ; 1$; [M.C.Z.]. Rokki; V, 26, 1934; (L. Gressitt): 1 [M.C.Z.j. RYUKYU ISLANDS: Iriomote Island; VIII, 19, 1934; (L. Gressitt) ; 1 $; (M.C.Z.j. Gesonula mundata subsp.? I have also seen two female specimens of the genus taken at Piru, Ceram in 1906-1907 by Thomas Barbour, and from the Museum of Comparative Zoology collection. They have been dried from alcohol and in consequence, except that they repre- sent G. mundata, it is not possible to allocate them more definitely. However, in their longer alar organs they show a closer approach to (7. ;;/. sanguinolenta of New Guinea than to G. in. pulchra of the Greater Sunda Islands. In a recent "Synopsis of the Acridoidea of the Indo-Malayan and Adjacent Regions" Willemse 3 has failed to clarify the distribution of Gesonula punctifrons, and continues to include in its distributional area localities in the Philippines, and Java, which regions were shown in my study of 1952 to possess mem- bers of the mundata line of the genus, and not of the puncti- frons one, which is, as far as known, entirely continental Asian in its occurrence. The information here presented shows also that in southern Thailand the representative of the genus is G. mundata laosana, and not G. punctifrons as given by ^ r il- lemse. Further I cannot help but question his records of G. mundata mundata from New Guinea, New Pomerania and the Aru Islands, as these records probably relate to G. mundata sanguinolenta, which is the form of that species found in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and which had the Aru Islands as one of its original localities. The present records increase to 231 the number of specimens of the genus personally studied, these from a total of 54 localities. 3 Publicaties Naturh. Genootschap Limburg, VIII, p. 162, (1955). JEXC HINGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow ; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Conopidae of the World wanted. Will pay 10 to $1.00 for pinned and labelled specimens. S. 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For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3. PENNSYLVANIA Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Neor embus, Isorembus}, Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus) and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, B audio) are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY IQOO.Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS MAY 1959 Vol. LXX No. 5 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS The Centennial Celebration 113 Crabill Himantariidae, list, key, and new genus 117 Powell A new species of Chionodes in California 127 Chemsak A new genus of Mexican Cerambycidae 131 Papp A new name in the clerid genus Lebasiella 133 Krombein Biological notes on Prochelostoma philadelphi .... 135 Heinrich Ichneumon koebelei, selection of lectotype 136 Judd Sinea diadema biting a human 137 Review A Century of Biological Research 138 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 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LXX MAY, 1959 No. 5 The Centennial Celebration American Entomological Society 1859-1959 On Thursday, March 26, 1959, the American Entomological Society held an open house, luncheon, and meeting in celebra- tion of its 100th anniversary. Seventy-one members and guests were present. At the open house, held from ten A.M. to noon, the insect collections were open for inspection as were the libraries of both the Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia. Guests and visitors were welcomed by Mrs. Raymond Q. Bliss, Fred B. Jacobson and Harold J. Grant, Jr. Visitors to the insect collections were guided by Mrs. Margaret Gary in the Lepidoptera, James A. G. Rehn in the Orthoptera, Raymond Q. Bliss in the Coleoptera and Sehvyn S. Roback in the Diptera and Hymenoptera. In the Society meeting room an exhibit of some of its memorabilia was on display. This material was arranged and labelled through the efforts of Mrs. Judith Hurwitz and Richard F. Sivel. It included the Charter, several portraits of early members, old photographs, minutes of the first meeting (in the beautiful script of J. Frank Knight), the hand press first used to print its "Proceedings," an ivory gavel presented by Louis Schneider in 1860 (and still used by the presiding officer at stated meetings), lenses and instruments used by Cresson, Horn, and LeConte, and many other items. It was noted also that the tables and' chairs now used in the meeting room date from 1862, from the time the Society occupied its quarters on Rod- man Street. In the library, Maurice E. Phillips had prepared (113) 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 Dr. Karl F. Koopman Mr. George S. Rigby Mr. Karl V. Krombein Miss Grace Ridings Mr. Edward J. F. Marx Dr. Selwyn S. Roback Mr. and Mrs. Frank Mr Curtis w Sabrosky McDermott Dr. Reece I. Sailer Mr. Carl F. W. Mtiesebeck -^ T , r, c t v*. ,.. . ,, T- Dr. John B. Schmitt Mr. and Mrs. Maurice E. ...,., T-,, - ir Dr. Rudolf (jr. bchmieder Phillips Dr. Kenneth W. Prescott Mr - Richard F. Sivel Mr. and Mrs. James A. G. Dr - and Mrs - Neal A - Weber Rehn Mr. and Mrs. Arthur B. Wells Dr. and Mrs. Avery E. Mr. Henry T. Yost Richmond Addendum ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS was unable to restrain itself from taking up valuable page space to tell about the Centennial Cele- bration of the Society to which it owes its existence. And if the NEWS is a creature of the Society, the reverse is likewise true, for the NEWS is a chief reason for the existence of the Society publication of research. Not as old or as dignified as the "TRANSACTIONS," which date back to the beginnings, it has yet attained its "three score years and ten" in good health, and with a large and growing circulation. It is proud to belong to that triumvirate of publications, including also the "MEMOIRS," whose undiminished importance in the entomological world at- tests the vitality of the Society. Thus we are convinced that the Society's Centennial is a truly significant entomological event. This idea finds support in the success of our Celebration, as evinced particularly by the presence of renowned entomologists who journeyed from a distance in order to attend. There were, for example, Drs. J. C. Bradley and C. P. Alexander, and other members of the panel, as well as that eminent group from the Nation's capital (Gurney, Krombein, Muesebeck, Sabrosky and Sailer) who were so good as to get up very early in the morning in order to drive over and spend the whole day with us. To these and to all our other loyal friends who participated, our heartfelt thanks ! lxx| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117 A Synonymical List of American Himantariidae, with a Generic Key and Description of a New Genus (Chilopoda : Geophilo- morpha: Himantariidae) By RALPH E. CRABILL, JR., U. S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. We understand less today about the world fauna of the Himan- tariidae than about that of any other major geophilomorph fam- ily. With the exception of the southwestern European and western North African himantariids, which have been revised at least twice (1, 4), our knowledge of virtually all of the remaining species is nearly limited to the descriptions of new species and elucidation of higher categories. Almost nothing is known of intraspecific variability, or of the geographical dis- tribution of species, while much of the generic framework of the family is admittedly preliminary and certainly transitional. Until Professor Chamberlin began his investigations of the group in this century, disclosing for the first time the pre- viously unsuspected presence of a possibly rich and evidently highly endemic fauna in the New World, it was not believed that there was any significant concentration of species and genera outside of the Mediterranean perimeter. Apart from the circum-Mediterranean fauna, a very few species are known today from the more eastern Old World tropics and northern subtropics, e.g. from coastal Africa, India, southeastern Asia, Japan and Korea. In addition, a relatively larger number of species and genera in recent years has been described from northern South America and Mexico, but especially from west- ern North America. It is likely that these exceedingly long, ribbon-like centipedes are not actually as uncommon as such evidence suggests. They are probably rather abundant in the tropical and especially subtropical areas of eastern Asia and of the Americas. It is not unreasonable to suspect that owing to their retiring habits and well-known inclination to burrow in the ground the animals simply are not being collected very often. 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 The earliest unquestionable North American himantariids were described by H. C. Wood in 1862 ; they were laticeps and taeniopsis, both originally referred to Strigainia. The Texan laticeps, which is the type-species of Gosiphilus, q.v., is still preserved in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (No. TC-5(867)) ; taeniopsis, however, remains in question. The type is apparently lost, and its specific identity and generic assignment are uncertain. 1 Today the roster of described forms is comparatively long and is growing. Undoubtedly some of the generic and specific names listed at the end of this paper will be submerged as we learn more about intraspecific variability and the systematic fabric of the whole group. EMPHEROZOSTER, new genus Like nearly all of the American genera, Empherososter has a diastemate 2nd maxillary coxosternum, 2 lacks major parater- gites, ultimate leg pretarsi, and special sternital pouches and fossulae. 3 Additional important diagnostic characters are the following : intercalary paratergites absent except on the ultimate pedal segment ; coxopleura ventrally and dorsally cavitate, the pores cryptic ; pore-fields present on sternites 2 through the penultimate; prosternal sclerotic lines (chitin lines) absent, i.e., not passing toward and meeting the prehensorial condyles (see Note A) ; prehensorial ungular basal denticle absent; antennae not flattened nor distally attenuate, excluding the first, the basal articles compressed laterally ; labrum deeply embayed and cen- trally completely incised ; mandibular pectinate lamellae nu- merous; 1st maxillary lappets entirely absent; ultimate pedal 1 The stated type locality, Georgia, is probably incorrect. Wood subse- quently admitted that owing to a confusion in vial labels, some of his species described as Georgian were actually California!!. 2 Hence belongs to the subfamily Himantariinae (= tribe Himantariini, auctt.). 3 For an effective understanding of most of the terms and criteria employed here the reader is referred to the superb 1909 paper by Chalande and Ribaut, which stands as one of the clearest and most detailed syn- thetic treatments of a restricted group of chilopods. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119 sternite much longer than its width at midlength ; ultimate pedal pretergite flanked by and separated by sutures from very large intercalary pleurites ; all stigmopleurites discrete, i.e., not fused with associated tergites or intercalary pleurites ; possibly differ- ing from all known genera in possessing a distinct pair of ter- minal (or anal) pores. Empherososter seems most like Garriscaphus and Gosiphihis, for in all three: 1) major paratergites and ultimate pretarsi are absent; 2) the coxopleura are cavitate or fossulate, their pores essentially cryptic, not uniformly dispersed over the exposed surface; 3) pore-fields occur on the rear body sternites as well as on those of the middle and anterior body thirds. Important distinctions between the new genus and Garriscaphus appear to include the following. Garriscaphus: prehensorial ungula with a distinct but small basal denticle ; ultimate sternite broad ; body constricted behind the head ; coxopleural pores "along border of sternite" (and tergite?) ; anal pores absent?. Empherososter: ungula without basal denticle ; ultimate sternite long and narrow ; body not constricted behind head ; coxopleural pores concealed ventrally in pits, not in elongate fossulae, dorsally in weakly defined pits ; anal pores present. The new genus seems most like the apparently (see Note C) widely dispersed Gosiphihis, at least differing as follows. Gosiphihis: intercalary paratergites present at least on anterior segments in all specimens known to me ; prosternal sclerotic lines prominent in most, meeting the condyles (see Note A) ; ultimate pedal sternite often much broader than long; antennae in most proximally flattened and distally attenuate, in some proximally subcylindrical ; 1st maxillary lappets present, at least in some and probably in all ; anal pores absent in the type and in all specimens known to me. Einplicrozostcr: intercalary paratergites absent ; prosternal sclerotic lines absent, i.e., not passing across prosternum to meet condyles ; ultimate pedal sternite longer than width at midlength, comparatively narrow ; antennae proximally compressed laterally, these articles dis- tinctly longer than wide, distally not attenuate; 1st maxillary lappets absent ; anal pores present. 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 Apparently the most striking characters of Empherozoster are the peculiar antennae, the lack of intercalary paratergites, the lack of 1st maxillary lappets, and the presence of anal pores. Until discovery of antaeus it was assumed that anal pores were absent throughout the Himantariidae. The intercalary para- tergites, not to be confused with major paratergites (see Attems 1929, Chalande and Ribaut 1909), occur in every specimen of North American himantariid that I have seen. It is interesting to note that Verhoeff specifically mentions their absence in his Bolivian species (23, p. 126). It would be desirable obviously to be able to employ many other important characters as well. Most have been extensively discussed and lucidly figured by Chalande and Ribaut (4) ; unfortunately subsequent authors have not always taken full advantage of their exemplary contribution, so that a fuller and more confident comparative treatment is not possible at this time. Type-species: Empherozoster antaeus, new species. (Origi- nal designation and monotypic). Empherozoster antaeus, new species Holotype : $. New Mexico, Eddy County, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Spider Cave ; from dry silt beds about 100 feet inside entrance. December 10, 1958; James K. Baker, leg. U. S. National Museum Myriapod Collection, No. 2529. INTRODUCTORY. Length, 43 mm. Pedal segments, 63. Color : antennae, cephalic plate, prehensorial segment, basal plate light sordid yellow to tan-yellow ; tergites, pleurites, legs, sternites pale sordid yellow to yellowish-white. ANTENNAE (fig. 1). Length, 3.2 mm. Shape: distally not attenuate; articles 2-5 compressed laterally (not depressed dorso-ventrally), each distinctly much longer than wide; articles 6-14 each essentially cylindrical in cross section, not flattened or compressed, each slightly longer than wide; articles 11-13 submoniliform, the 14th much longer than wide. Setae : articles 1-5 sparsely clothed with short setae ; articles 6-14 densely, uni- formly clothed with very short straight setae. Ultimate article : on each side just posterior to midlength with an ovate clepres- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 sion, this densely packed with short, thick, apically blunt modi- fied setae (chemorectors?). CEPHALIC PLATE (fig. 1). Length, 0.83 mm. ; width 1.24 mm. Shape : antero-lateral margins meet- ing in an obtuse angle to form a pointed rostrum ; sides slightly diverging posteriorly ; rear corners rounded ; posterior margin straight and slightly overlapping the basal plate. Clothed very sparsely with short pale setae. Uniformly finely areolate ; with- out sutures or sulci ; frontal plate not discernibly discrete (even by transmitted light). Prebasal plate apparently absent. CLY- PEUS (fig. 8). Paraclypeal sutures present but very obscure. Transbuccal sutures absent. Anterior portion of inner edge of each bucca strongly sclerotized to form an elongate plate whose inner edge is elevated into a short ridge. Clypeus vaguely divided into an anterior coarsely areolate and a posterior very smoothly areolate portion. Setae rather short and thick, dis- posed as shown. Entire lower margin of clypeus bordering the labrum developed into a strongly sclerotized band, this con- colorous with labrum and much paler than remainder of clypeus. LABRUM (fig. 8). Completely separated from clypeus by a membranous strip, this is broad laterally but much narrower medially. Lateral labral extensions very narrow, only slightly indented at points of articulation with the fulturae. Central embayment deep and broad, the diastema between the two central teeth essentially dividing the labrum into right and left halves. Teeth: right, 9; left 9 or 10; each strong, well sclerotized, con- colorous with rest of labrum. MANDIBLE. With one deeply pigmented dentate lamella, its long axis at a slight angle to the distal mandibular edge, occupying slightly less than one-fourth of the width of the distal mandibular edge, with 7 dark, strong, blunt teeth and 1 or 2 hyaline weak teeth. With 10 well devel- oped pectinate lamellae, the long axis of each approximately perpendicular to the distal mandibular edge, their teeth hyaline, with parallel sides, on each lamella decreasing in length, the longest lamellae with 20-24 such teeth. FIRST MAXILLAE (fig. 9). Telopodite distinctly bipartite, entirely without lappets or vestiges thereof. Medial lobes separated by a deep, narrow cleft that cuts the coxosternum very deeply; each lobe very indis- 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 tinctly separated from coxosternum ; each with a hyaline, nipple- like distal extension. Coxosternum medially very weakly areo- late and weakly sclerotized, almost membranous ; entirely with- out lappets. SECOND MAXILLAE (fig. 9). Anterior margin with a deep diastema, without a midlongitudinal sulcus or groove or any other indication of midlongitudinal division. Pore openings lateral, subsemicircular, very weakly defined. Setae rather robust and short ; antero-medial to each pore open- ing with a small group of short conical alveolate sensory cones (modified setae). Telopodite dorsally and ventrally with rather robust setae ; first article bicondylic ; terminal claw robust, with 2 stout basal spurs, apically flat and rounded, inner surface broad and shallowly concave, the concave surface not visible from ventral aspect, being directed dorso-anteriorly. PROSTER- NUM (fig. 4). Exposed portion very short and wide, the rear concealed parts extending posteriorly to level of rear of first pedal sternite. Anteriorly not denticulate or diastemate. Sub- condylic sclerotic lines (chitin lines) absent, that is, not extend- Emphcrozoster antacus, holotype. Figs. 1-7 1. Cephalic plate and left antenna; dorsal. Setae deleted. Inner patch of sensilla of 14th article shown in situ and enlarged. 2. Left ultimate leg ; ventral. Setae deleted. 3. 4th pedal sternite ; ventral. Setae shown, a, procoxal pleurite. b, metacoxal pleurite. c, intercalary sternite. d, slight extension of ster- nite passing under procoxal pleurite. 4. Prehensorial segment and adjacent parts; ventral. Setae deleted. Poison calyx shown in situ and enlarged, a, pleurite. b, 1st pedal procoxal pleurite. c, 1st pedal metacoxal pleurite. d, intercalary sternite. e, concealed margin of posterior prosternal extension. 5. 17th and 18th pedal tergites and adjacent sclerites ; dorsal, a, stigmo- pleurite. b, intercalary pleurite. c, intercalary tergite (or pretergite), lateral edge concealed beneath pleurite. Setae deleted. 6. Posterior end of body ; dorsal, a, postpedal tergum. b, ultimate pedal tergite. c, exposed part of coxopleuron. d, exposed portion of rear coxopleural pit. e, intercalary pleurite of ultimate pedal pretergite. f, ultimate pedal pretergite. g, penultimate pedal stigmopleurite. h, penultimate pedal tergite. 7. Posterior end of body; ventral. Setae deleted, a, concealed pore- canals of rear pore-pit, b, concealed glands of rear pore-pit, c, pore- field of penultimate pedal sternite. d, concealed terminal (or anal) pore, lying dorsal to gonopod. e, exposed part of rear pore-pit, f, exposed part of middle pore-pit, g, undersurface of right ultima*" pleurite of pretergite, showing pore-openings, h, ultimate pedal pre- .sttrnite. i, penultimate pedal metacoxal pleurite. IxxJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 -'' Figs. 1-7 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 ing across corner of prosternum toward and connecting with condyles. Ventral surface without sutures or grooves ; uni- formly finely, granularly areolate; uniformly very sparsely clothed with short setae. PREHENSORS (fig. 4). Not attaining frontal margin of head when closed. Ventral edge of ungula smooth, not serrulate ; inner surface broad and shallowly con- cave, the concave surface not visible from ventral aspect, directed dorso-anteriorly ; base of ungula (claw) without a denticle. Poison calyx extremely elongate, extending into trochantero- prefemur from proximal extremity of blade proper ; poison canal opening on outer surface of blade just short of tip; outlines of poison gland extremely vague, not traceable with precision, apparently passing out of telopodite into prehensorial segment ( dorsal to prosternum ) . Trochanteropref emur ventrally sparsely but dorsally densely setose. Tibioid and femuroid without denticles. TERGITES (fig. 5). Basal plate very broad, not suturate or grooved, its anterior margin beneath overhanging cephalic plate. Remaining tergites (except ultimate pedal tergite) as follows. Setae very sparse, minute ; surface finely granularly areolate. The large intercalary pleurites reflected dorsally to cover outer corner of each major tergite and outer end of each intercalary tergite, the latter entirely without primary or secondary para- tergites (preparatergites). An occasional tergite very indis- tinctly bisulcate, i.e., paired longitudinal sulci evidently present but extremely obscure. PLEURITES. Major and intercalary paratergites entirely absent. Stigmopleurites discrete, i.e., not fused with adjacent tergites or intercalary pleurites; penulti- mate pedal stigmopleurite similarly discrete. Spiracles of ante- rior third of body broadly elliptical, their long axes nearly hori- zontal, i.e., nearly parallel with the long axis of the body. STERNITES (fig. 3). Not suturate or silicate; without stigma- like pouches or pits, depressions or similar special fossae. Ster- nites of anterior third of body somewhat wider than long, there- after becoming longer and narrower; those on posterior third of body with long dimension greater than width at midlength, i.e., essentially longer than wide. Pedal sternites 2 through the Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 penultimate each with a pronounced pore-field ; each pore-field very thin (antero-posteriorly) and extremely wide (from side to side), none is raised or discernibly depressed. Sternital setae very sparse, minute. LEGS. Dorsal orange articular condyles d a. Emphcrozoster antacus, holotype. Figs. 8, 9 8. Clypeus, labrum and adjacent parts; pentral. All but antennal setae shown, a, anterior portion of clypeus, areolation granular, pro- nounced, b, posterior portion of clypeus, areolation weak, vague, c, strongly sclerotized clypeal strip, d, paraclypeal sutures, e, scler- otized inner edge of left bucca. f, bucca. 9. 1st and 2nd maxillae; ventral. All setae shown on left side of 2nd maxillae and on right side of 1st maxillae. 1st maxillae somewhat displaced anteriorly from original position, a, nipple-like extension of medial lobes of 1st maxillae (possibly artifacts), b, posterior medial, free margin of 1st maxillae, displaced anteriorly. 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I May, 1959 contrasting notably with yellowish-white leg surfaces. Essen- tially glabrous. Pretarsi relatively long, compressed laterally, deep red-brown in color, narrowly concave beneath; pretarsal accessory claws equal in length, robust and very long, at least two-thirds as long as the associated claw proper. 4 ULTIMATE PEDAL SEGMENT (figs. 2, 6, 7). Pretergite sepa- rated from its huge intercalary pleurites by sutures, these pleurites overlapping each lateral edge of their pretergite and completely concealing the anterior part of each coxopleuron from above. Tergite trapezoidal, very broad, sides strongly convergent posteriorly, the rear margin nearly straight ; very sparsely and shortly setose. By contrast the tergum of the postpedal segments is subdensely setose. Presternite with con- vergent posterior margins, mostly concealed ; medially essen- tially (or actually?) divided. Sternite much longer than width at midlength, its sides slightly convergent, the rear margin nearly straight ; sparsely setose. Each coxopleuron elongate, extending forward nearly to base of penultimate leg, largely covered by tergite and pleurites ; ventro-posteriorly slightly swollen ; each with three ventral subsurface pits, the most anterior of these completely concealed ; with two long poorly defined dorsal pits, the posterior of these slightly exposed ; with numerous sclerotic gland canals opening into all five pits, gland canals and glands situated in coxopleuron, under sternite and presternite, on un- derside of pleurites, under lateral and anterior margins of ter- gite. Legs extremely long and thin, much longer than the penultimates; each with 6 articles distal to the coxopleuron, i.e., with two tarsal articles ; pretarsus totally absent ; all articles sparsely clothed with short straight setae. POSTPEDAL SEG- MENTS (fig. 7). Gonopods completely separated from each other ; each consists of two distinct, swollen segments. With a distinct pair of terminal (anal) pores. (to be continued) 4 The remarkable length of the pretarsal accessory claws is almost certainly significant interspecifically ; it is probably a generic character as well. Gosiphilus specimens that I have seen, including the type-species, have broader, shorter pretarsi and accessory claws that never attain half the length of the pretarsus. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 A New Species of the Genus Chionodes in California (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) By JERRY A. POWELL, University of California, Berkeley During the course of investigations on the early stages of the Xyelidae (Hymenoptera), Donald J. Burdick has discovered larvae of several gelechiid moths which feed in the staminate cones of pines. One of these subsequently has proven to be an undescribed species, and although closely related to Chionodes johnstoni Clarke (1947), specimens from two localities are quite consistent in the differing characters. The species is described at this time in order to make the name available for biological studies now in progress. Chionodes sabinianae, new species A dark grey moth, flecked with white and with a single, sinuate, white, transverse band on the fore wing at the apical one third of the wing. With the characters of the genus as outlined by Busck (1939). Male : Labial palpus predominantly black. Second segment with scattered white scales exteriorly and a pure white tuft at the apex exteriorly ; mixed grey and white scales above and interiorly, nearly white on upper half interiorly. Third segment with white scales intermixed especially above and along distal half; with a white tip. Antenna black; whitish scales scattered along the length dorsally ; the scale rows alternating black and white ventrally ; a white tuft at apex of basal segment, more pronounced ventrally. Head grey, the scales darker toward apices ; face below antennal bases predominantly whitish. Thorax grey, the scales darker toward apices ; with a bright ochre-yellow tuft posteriorly. Fore zving dark grey, the scales whitish on their basal halves, blackish toward apices. Markings on wing as follows : a roundish spot at one third the length of the wing from base on lower fold, margined exteriorly by a black area ; another white spot at about the end of the cell, both preceded and followed by black areas ; a transverse, white band from apical third on costa to anal angle, curved slightly outward 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 at middle ; two small, white submarginal spots, one at apex and one just below and inside it. Fringe with hairs grey, scales whitish-grey, darker at apices. Wing surface roughened by areas of upturned scales ; most pronounced in the random scat- tered white scales and in the scales which make up the white spots. Hind wing light grey, darker toward apical margin. Fringe of whitish hairs. Legs whitish, marked with grey. Fore and mid legs with dark grey overscaling above and ex- teriorly as follows : intermixed black and white on femora ; tibiae with three subequal bands separated by raised, yellowish, narrow bands ; tarsi black except tufts at apices of first, second and fifth segments. Hind leg with pale grey overscaling exteriorly as fol- lows : tibia with small basal spot, ill-defined blotch before mid spurs, broad band before apical whitish tuft ; tarsi except apical tufts on all segments. (The holotype lacks one prothoracic and one metathoracic leg.) Abdomen greyish, with dorsal tufts of whitish hairs laterally on first segment and apically on eighth segment. Gcnitalia as in figs. 1, 2 (drawn from paratype). Harpes asymmetrical; right harpe sharp-pointed, left harpe blunt, about one fourth longer than the right. Aedeagus slightly shorter than the remainder of the genitalia, the slender stalk con- stituting about one half the length ; distal end with a finger-like lateral projection which curves around the deeply cleft central portion. Female : Coloration nearly identical with that of male ; tip of abdomen yellowish above. Genitalia as in fig. 3 (drawn from paratype). Signum subrectanglar, irregular in outline, quite large. Wing expanse: male, 12.2-14.0 mm.; female, 14.3-15.6 mm. (reared specimens). Holotype male and allotype female: Russelman Park, Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa County, CALIFORNIA, April 9, 1958, reared from staminate cones of Finns sabiniana, emerged May 6 and May 9, 1958, (D. J. Burdick), deposited in the collections of Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 129 2 Chionodcs sabinianae Powell Fig. 1. Male genitalia, lateral aspect, aedeagus removed. Fig. 2. Aedeagus, dorsal aspect. Fig. 3. Female genitalia, ventral aspect, anal papillae and posterior apophyses removed. 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Paratypes as follows : 3 <^J\ Arroyo Mocho, 20 miles south of Livermore, Alameda County, California, April 2, 1957, reared from stami- nate cones of Finns sabiniana, emerged April 29 to May 14, 1957, (D. J. Burdick) ; 1 J 1 , 4 $$ same data as holotype except emerged May 5 to May 9, 1958, deposited in collections of U. S. National Museum, British Museum, California Insect Survey (University of California, Berkeley), and in author's collection. The coloration, especially with regard to the extent of white, is variable. Any of the small white spots may be lacking on one or both wings, but the white band is uniform throughout the series studied. Some paratypes show much more extensive white scaling than the holotype and appear more variegated to the naked eye with the black spots prominent on a lighter background. The species is nearest to C. joJmstoni Clarke, from which it differs by the shape of the aedeagus (two specimens examined) and by minor differences in the shape of the sclerotization of the eighth segment and signum of the female. In addition. Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C., who kindly compared specimens of sabinianac with johnstoni, states (in lift.) that the light areas in johnstoni are yellowish in comparison with the white markings of sabinianac. He further notes that the upturned scales are absent in joJmstoni, but that this may be due to the fact that the specimens of sabinianae were reared and those of joJmstoni had flown. LITERATURE CITED BUSCK, A. 1939. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 86 (3064) : 563-593. CLARKE, J. F. G. 1947. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 37 (7) : 243-254. IxxJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131 A New Genus of Mexican Cerambycidae Related to Crossidius (Coleoptera) By JOHN A. CHEMSAK,* University of California, Berkeley The following new genus is proposed for a species originally asigned by Bates to the genus Crossidius, but which does not appear to be congeneric with the other Mexican and United States species of that group. NEOCROSSIDIUS Chemsak, new genus Body stout, robust. Head with front vertical ; antennal tuber- cles somewhat elevated, acutely angulate ; antennae filiform, eleven segmented, longer than the body in the male, eleventh segment long, slightly appendiculate, tapering, shorter than the body in the female ; eyes finely granulate, strongly divided, upper lobe small; mandibles small, bifid at apex. Pronotum trans- verse, rounded, slightly angulate or tuberculate at sides, disk convex, fairly even ; scutellum moderate, slightly wider than long, triangular, acutely pointed at apex ; prosternal process broad, slightly expanded at apex ; mesosternum rather sharply declivous in front, raised from sternum behind ; episternum of metathorax moderately broad, parallel. Elytra with surface convex, distinctly costate with two impunctate, slightly raised longitudinal costae on each elytron ; pubescence dense, fairly long, suberect ; punctation moderate, dense ; apices not pro- duced, sinuate-truncate. Type species : Crossidius trivittatus Bates. This genus can be differentiated from Crossidius by the dis- tinct smooth elytral costae, stout form, broader prosternal proc- ess, and the more sharply declivous mesosternum. Although Horn (1885) has stated that the type species Crossidius trivitta- tus Bates is closely allied if not identical with C. hnmc rails LeConte, a study of series of both species shows them to be quite distinct. The latter is a true Crossidius. The following * Acknowledgment is given to Dr. E. G. Linsley, University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley, for helpful suggestions. 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 redescription is offered as a supplement to the original provided by Bates. Neocrossidius trivittatus (Bates) Crossidius trivittatus Bates, 1880, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleopt, vol. 5, p. 82; Bates, 1885, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleopt., vol. 5, p. 327. Male : From broad, robust, subparallel ; color dark testaceous and black or shining black, elytra with three distinct dark longi- tudinal vittae or at least a sutural stripe, vittae with greenish caste, elytra distinctly costate; appendages, pronotum, and un- derside black ; pale pubescence fine, dense, suberect ; antennae very long. Head coarsely confluently punctate on vertex, more finely on front, pubescence long, pale, fine ; antennae surpassing elytral apices by about four segments, eleventh segment long, appendiculate. Pronotum wider than long, broadly rounded with small lateral tubercles ; surface convex with trace of small impunctate callus behind middle, punctures dense, moderately coarse, contiguous ; pubescence fine, pale, long and erect but not obscuring surface ; prosternum barely impressed before coxae, confluently punctured, densely pubescent, prosternal proc- ess broad, wider at apex, mesosternal process rather sharply declivous in front, distinctly raised from sternum behind ; meso- and metasterna densely, finely punctate, densely pubescent. Elytra only about twice as long as broad, slightly wider than pronotum ; each elytron with two distinct, slightly raised, im- punctate costae, three black vittae present, one on each side at about the middle and another sutural one, sometimes only sutural stripe present, black stripes having faint metallic cast ; punctation coarse, dense, sub-confluent at base, becoming finer apically ; pu- bescence long, pale, suberect, longer and erect at base ; apices sinuate-truncate. Legs fairly short, stout, moderately coarsely, densely punctate, pubescence dense, long, suberect. Abdomen finely densely punctate, densely clothed with long fine pale hairs; fifth sternite broadly rounded, slightly emarginate at apex. Length, 12-17 mm. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 Female: Antennae short, rarely surpassing apical one-fourth of elytra. Color as in male but may be entirely shining black. Length, 1 1-16 mm. Type locality : Mexico. This species shows an extreme variability with regard to the dark stripes of the elytra, first noted by Bates (1885) in a series collected by Mr. Flohr at El Salto, near Huehuetoca. This same variation is evident in series from Tuxpan, Michoacan, IX-18-57 (H. A. Scullen) ; Mexico City, D.F., IX-25-57 (R. & K. Dreisbach) ; and 44 miles N.E. of Durango, Durango, X-19-57 (H. A. Scullen). The extremes are a male with only a dark stripe along the suture, and two females which are entirely submetallic black. Bates indicated that some of his examples had two or three large tawny spots on the thorax, but none of the 19 specimens at hand exhibit this coloration. LITERATURE CITED BATES, H. W., 1880-1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleopt., vol. 5, pp. 82, 327. HORN, G. H., 1885. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 177. A New Name in the Clerid Genus Lebasiella Spinola (1844) (Notes on North American Coleoptera, No. 7) By CHARLES S. PAPP, University of California, Riverside, Cal. During my recent study of the beetle family Cleridae I dis- covered the use of the same name for two different species as- signed to the same genus. To avoid further taxonomic compli- cations, a new name is introduced for the following reason : Lebasiella mexicana new name for L. unimaculata Pic (in "Neue Cleridae aus der Sammlung des Deutschen Entomo- logischen Instituts," published in the Beitrage zur Entomologie, Berlin, 1953, Vol. 3, No. 3, p. 332) from Tasco, Mexico. The type specimen is in the collection of the Deutsches Entomo- logisches Institut, Berlin, Germany. The name L. unimaculata 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 was previously occupied by Pic (in Exchange, 1940, Vol. 56, No. 481, p. 10) for another Mexican species. The type of this species is in the collection of Mr. Maurice Pic,. Les Gourreaux par St. Agnan, France. Lebasiella mexicana (n.n.) is easy to differentiate from L. unimaculata Pic (1940) because it is dark metallic blue in color and has a sharp yellow spot on each elytron. Its distribution is restricted to Mexico. Length: 1.0-5.5 mm., an extremely unusual variation in size. In Pic's description there is no indication of the number of specimens used in the original description. In the genus Lebasiella (occasionally misspelled as Lobasiella) Spin, there are 13 species and 2 varieties known, all from the Western Hemisphere : L. discolor Kl. from Mexico and Texas ; L. discolor var. tibialis Schnklg. from Mexico and California; uicsosternalis Schaeff. from Arizona and Mexico; pallipes KL, which ranges from Pennsylvania through Texas to Mexico ; marginclla Chevr. from California and Mexico. Others are re- stricted to Mexico : qnadrimaciilata Pic, mexicana Papp, and unimaculata Pic (1940) ; bisbinotata Gorh. occurs in Honduras, as the only Central-American species of this genus. The rest of the species are all from South America : limbipennis Chevr., lincata Pic, ruficollis Pic and rufic. ab. sinuatclineata Pic, which are very closely related species all known from Chile ; erythro- dera Spin, from Colombia and basipcnnis Pic. from Argentina. For students in this genus the following papers are useful : WOLCOTT : in Publ. Field Mus., Chicago, 1910, 7 : 397, and also WOLCOTT: in Fieldiana (Zool.), 1947, 23(2) : 87-88. Ixxj ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 Biological Notes on Prochelostoma philadelphi (Robertson) (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) By KARL V. KROMBEIN, Entomology Research Divison, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture A moderately large population of this bee nests in abandoned borings of anobiid larvae in an old wooden cowshed in Arling- ton, Va. The following observations were made in 1954. Most of the bees present on May 15-16 were males which hovered in front of the boring entrances. A few females were present on these dates and mating was noted. Large numbers of bees were mating on the following week-end. The rather protracted mating took place outside the boring entrance on the surface of the wall. I did not time the matings, but one pair was in copula for at least 5 minutes. There was no court- ship and sometimes as many as four males struggled to mate with one female. Some females began to provision nests the week-end of May 22-23, and a few females were still nesting as late as June 5. When a female laden with pollen and nectar returned to her nest, she quickly entered the boring head first, remained inside for a few seconds presumably to regurgitate the nectar, and then backed out of the boring. Then she immediately backed into the boring to deposit the pollen load from the abdominal scopa. The provisioned cells were separated by thin clay partitions, and the boring entrance was plugged with clay. The females slept in the burrows at night with the abdomen plugging the entrance. This bee is proterandrous, although there was some overlap in emergence of the two sexes in the entire population. This overlap may have been due to temperature factors, because many nests were shaded the entire day and others were exposed to the sun for periods ranging from 1 to 4 hours. The males apparently emerge first when both sexes are present in a single nest. Six of the nests stored during May, 1954, were marked and the occupants trapped in glass vials when they emerged 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 in May, 1955, as follows : Nest 12 &?, May 19; 1 ?, May 21; 4 $?, May 22; 2$$, May 23 Nest 22 JJ, May 19 ; 2 ^, May 20 Nest 31 J 1 , May 21 ; 2 $?, May 22 ; 1 $, May 24 Nest 43 5?, May 23 ; 1 $, May 24 Nest 51 $, May 25 ; 1 ?, May 26 Nest 62 5$, May 26 There is only a single generation a year as indicated by the above data, and also by some 50 specimens in the U. S. National Museum which bear dates of capture ranging from mid-May to mid- June. Ichneumon koebelei Swezey, Selection of Lectotype (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) By GERD H. HEINRICH, Dryden, Maine The original description of Ichneumon koebelei (Report of Work of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Planter's Association, Bull. No. 7, Honolulu, Hawaii, November 1909, p. 30/31 ) contains no statement concerning the designation and location of a holotype. There are two specimens ($cf ) in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution identified by the author as Ichneumon koebelei and labeled as "cotypes" (type no. 11771). I designate one of them, the female, as lectotype of the species. lxx| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 Sinea diadema Fabr. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Biting a Human By W. W. JUDD, Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario In the autumn of 1958 a man reported that while driving a car through Ilderton, Ontario on September 28 he felt a sharp, stinging sensation in the skin on the outside of his right thigh. When the car was stopped examination of the affected area of the skin showed a small puncture hole that exuded blood for a short while. No swelling or change in colour was seen in the surrounding skin. The pain lasted for half an hour. The insect that caused the bite was found in the clothing at the site of the bite. It was crushed but was recognizable as the assassin bug, Sinea diadema Fabr., as identified by keys in Blatchley (1926) and Britton (1923). The insect had evidently crawled or fallen into the clothing. Sinea diadema is an assassin bug which is common in south- ern Ontario and which occurs frequently in autumn on flowers of Compositae where it feeds on plant lice and other insect prey (Blatchley, 1926; Miller, 1956). Herms (1939) includes this species in his key to predaceous Reduviidae likely to be of medical importance. REFERENCES BLATCHLEY, W. S. 1926. Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America. Nature Publ. Co., Indianapolis. BRITTON, W. E. 1923. The Hemiptera or sucking insects of Connecticut. Conn. State Geol. and Natural Hist. Surv., Bull. 34. HERMS, W. B. 1939. Medical entomology. Macmillan Co., New York. MILLER, N. C. E. 1956. The biology of the Heteroptera. Leonard Hill Ltd., London. 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1959 Review A CENTURY OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH by Harlow B. Mills ct al. Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Survey 27(2) 85-234, illus. Urbana, Illinois, Dec. 1958. This is a series of articles describing the history and the accomplishments of the Natural History Survey Division of the State of Illinois. The Survey Division is a large and active organization engaged in research and publication in a number of biological fields. Although a separate agency, it is housed in a fine modern building on the campus of the University of Il- linois, to the mutual benefit of the Survey and the University, and two of its entomologists, Doctors DECKER and Ross are professors in the Graduate College. The present publication seeks to tell how this organization came into being and how it developed to its present stature. Each of the articles is of absorbing interest, and together they represent a major contribu- tion to the history of biological, particularly entomological, re- search in America. The first article "From 1858 to 1958," by Dr. HARLOW B. MILLS, Chief of the Survey, presents a fascinating account, set in historical perspective. There is S. A. FORBES, as a boy of fourteen at the Lincoln-Douglas debate in 1858, "who wormed his way to the front of the crowd and gained some renown by vocally taking issue with Douglas at one point in this historically climactic discussion." In 1858, the Natural History Society of Illinois was formed at the Illinois State Normal University and there undertook to develop a museum and a library. In 1867 it accepted State support and since then has undergone various changes in name and organization, as well as in location by removal from Normal to Urbana. Its history reflects the initia- tive and personalities of outstanding leaders : S. A. FORBES, ap- pointed curator in 1872 (in addition to being State Entomolo- gist), and remaining in charge until 1930; T. H. PRISON who served from 1931-45, and under whom the new Natural Re- sources Building was built (1940) and other advances made (in faunistic work, wild-life research, etc.) ; and finally the present chief, H. B. MILLS. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 A second article, by G. C. DECKER, "Economic Entomology," is devoted to the history of insect control in Illinois. Again, we are fascinated by learning just how these problems appeared to the early entomologists, and, through the years beginning with the 1850's, what attempts were made to solve them. Numerous quotations from contemporary sources help to give a vivid picture. For the future, the urgent need appears to be "a re- turn to the basic study of insect biology and ecology," so that new methods may be worked out that will supplant present reliance on chemical control. The history of Faunistic Surveys is treated by H. H. Ross, beginning with the earliest period, 1850 to about 1870. With the beginning of State support, and the appointment of a State Entomologist there began a "Period of Expansion," accelerated also by removal to Urbana in 1885. Much later, with the ap- pointment of T. H. PRISON as Systematic Entomologist in 1923, there was a resurgence in faunistic activity bringing on the present "Period of Specialization." In 1931 FRISON became chief, and H. H. Ross was appointed Systematic Entomologist. Since then other reorganizations have taken place with ex- pansion of the work in insects, and in other groups as well. Since 1947 Ross has been in charge of the "Section of Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification." The remainder of this article provides brief histories of taxonomic work done in each of the principal orders or families of insects. The remaining articles have less to do with insects ; they are an Aquatic Biology, Wildlife Research, Publication and Public Relations, and the Library. Finally, there is a list of over 200 former technical employees as well as a list of references. R. G. SCHMIEDER This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow ; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Bembicini and Stizini (Hym., Sphec.) of New World wanted for revis. study. Will return upon request or at end of project. James E. Gillaspy, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. Texas, Austin 12, Texas. Agapema galbina. Will exchange cocoons of this moth for nature books. E. Frizzell, Route 4, Box 96, San Benito, Texas. Tenebrionidae of the World wanted, in exchange for insects of Argen- tina and neighboring countries. Horacio J. Molinari, Av. Lib. Gral San Martin 55, Acassuso (Buenos Aires), Rep. Argentina. Butterflies. Wish to exchange specimens for Japanese species. Please write to Ichiro Nakamura (Boy, age 16), 26 Aza-Nichiyama Obayashi Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. Phasmidae of nearctic area desired alive. Purchase or trade, drawing on large stock of major orders, worldwide. Domminck J. Pirone, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Nitidulidae and Rhizophagidae wanted in exchange for European bee- tles of all families. O. Marek, Zamberk 797, Czechoslovakia. Wanted and Needed. We are compiling a history of entomology, and particularly, at present, of the amateur insect clubs that flourished 50 to 75 years ago. Will you who have knowledge of such early clubs or societies advise me, giving facts on the time of existence, members, etc., which you may have. J. J. Davis, Dept. of Entomology, Purdue Uni- versity, Lafayette, Indiana. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3, PENNSYLVANIA Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE K GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Neorembus, Isorembus), Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus) and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, Baudia) are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JUNE 1959 Vol. LXX No. 6 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS Hurd and Linsley Behavior of Melissodes composita and para- sites ................................................ 141 DeLeon New Phytoseiid mites, and collection records ....... 147 Crabill Himantariidae, list, key, and new genus (continued) 153 Byers Types of Tingidae described by Torre-Bueno ........ 160 Scott Collembola from Japan. I. Onychiurinae ............ 161 Arnaud Rearing Thysanus fasciatus from Melanaspis lilacina 163 Brown Variation in the ant Polyrhachis thrinax ........... 164 Notes and News in Entomology Michigan list in preparation 164 Review A reclassifkation of the Order Odonata . 165 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. ,-/ AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. ,v Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $5.00 domestic; $5.30 foreign; $5.15 Canad* Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : H. J. GRANT, JR., E. J. F. MARX, M. E. PHILLIPS, and J. A. G. REHN. 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Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. 13-16 pp. 17-20 pp. Covers 50 $3.95 $6.33 $ 9.89 $10.28 $13.44 $4.31 100 4.74 7.51 11.86 12.65 16.21 5.89 Add'l 100 1.58 2.36 3.94 4.74 5.54 3.16 Plates printed one side: First 50, $3.15; Additional 100's, $2.37. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXX JUNE, 1959 No. 6 Observations on the Nest-site Behavior of Melis- sodes composita Tucker and its Parasites, with Notes on the Communal Use of Nest Entrances (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) By PAUL D. KURD, JR. and E. GORTON LINSLEY, University of California, Berkeley In early September of 1958 while in residence at the South- western Research Station near Portal, Arizona, 1 a nesting site of Melissodes composita Tucker 2 was discovered. Because of the unusual physical arrangement of the burrows and the modi- fied behavior of the adult bees and their parasites, a brief ac- count of the circumstances is offered in the hope that it may possibly contribute to current theory as to the evolution of behavior patterns in these and other bees (cf. Michener and Lange, 1958). The nesting area was situated in grassland on the upper portion of a small, gently sloping plateau amidst the open oak- juniper woodland which overlooks the Station from the north- easterly slopes of Cave Creek Canyon. The elevation is ap- proximately 6,500 ft. Growing among the grasses on the lower portions and margins of the plateau were two conspicuous com- posites, Aster tanacetifolius HBK and Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) Gray, 3 whose flowers were being visited for nectar and pollen by a large number of Melissodes and an unidentified 1 We are indebted to Dr. Mont A. Cazier, Director of the South- western Research Station, American Museum of Natural History, for facilitating these and other investigations undertaken while in residence at the Southwestern Research Station during August and September, 1958. 2 Determined by Dr. Wallace E. LaBerge, Iowa State University, Ames. 3 The plant identifications were made by Helen K. Sharsmith, Univer- sity of California Herbarium, Berkeley. (141) 19SS 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 species of Xenoglossodes. Several parasitic bees, Triepeolus hclianthi (Robertson), were also among them and by observing the activities of one of the relatively slow flying Triepeolus females as she left the flowers, we were able to locate the nest- ing site of the Melissodes. This occupied an area of approxi- mately 16 square feet and included twelve irregularly spaced and irregularly shaped ground openings. They were devoid of tumuli, situated inconspicuously in small barren interspaces in the grassland, and were used communally by the bees. During the warmer part of the morning (10:30 A.M.-ll :30 A.M. MST), numerous pollen laden females were observed returning to the site, circling briefly, and entering one of the communal openings. Sometimes several females would enter the same opening within a few seconds of each other and com- monly others, having already deposited their pollen stores, would be departing at the same time, requiring a returning female to pause near the entrance so as to permit a female to leave. At times females waiting within the entrance would remain there for relatively long periods of time thus effectively blocking it until they departed. If a Triepeolus female approached an opening and found it occupied she would hastily retreat. Simi- lar reactions were noted when ovipositing bombyliid females, Villa (Paravilla) spp. 4 began to hover above an occupied bur- row entrance. Even so, when an entrance was unoccupied, if only for a brief interval, Triepeolus 5 females would enter and, unless forced out, remain within for varying periods of time. In one instance one of these females spent 17 minutes under- ground. As many as three females of Triepeolus were observed simultaneously investigating a single entrance without display- ing antagonistic behavior toward one another. Nor did they exhibit aggressive behavior toward Villa females, even when the 4 Determined by Dr. F. R. Cole, University of California, Berkeley, as belonging to the group of V. (P.) tricellula Cole and V. (P.) apicola Cole which have been reared from cells of species of Diadasia [Cole (1952)]. 5 Although we have identified these from the literature as T. hclianthi Robertson, they may well prove to be subspecifically or specifically dis- tinct. The Robertson species has been recorded from Wisconsin by Graenicher (1905) as a parasite of Mclissodes trinodis Robertson, a bee with more orthodox nesting habits. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 latter hovered immediately behind or followed them about the nesting site. Miltogramine flies were observed in the nest area, but none were seen to enter the burrows. While these activities were taking place, Melissodes males coursed continuously and erratically over the nesting site within an inch or so of the ground. Several times one was observed to pounce upon a returning pollen laden female, forcing her to the ground where they would mate. The resulting union was brief, usually lasting 10 to 15 seconds, although one pair re- mained in contact for 35 seconds during which time they moved spasmodically over the ground. Following separation the fe- males entered one of the burrow openings and the males either resumed flight over the site or left the area. During five days of intermittent observation (September 5-9) the greatest period of activity about the nesting site occurred between 11 A.M. and 2:30 P.M. On one occasion, an early afternoon thunder shower caused complete cessation of activity, but shortly after the storm passed the bees became active again even though the vegetation was wet and some water had drained into the burrow openings. On the morning of September 9, a clear warm day, the first female Melissodes departed from one of the openings at 9:30 and returned 15 minutes later with a complete pollen load. As the morning progressed more and more females became evident and by 10:00 males had commenced their coursing flight over the site. At 10:45 the first females of Tricpeolus and Villa commenced their activities over the nesting site. In an effort to gain some idea of how many Melissodes fe- males were using these communal entrances, a net was placed over the opening well before the bees became active. During the hours 9:30-11 :30 A.M., 143 females were collected as they emerged, sometimes singly, more often in groups of 35. Occa- sionally one would escape and within 15 minutes or so she would return pollen laden, circle the area, and land either near or on the obstructing net. Commencing at 11:15 one of the burrows was readied for plaster of Paris pouring. Within the next 15 minutes 3 large beakers (1500 c.c.) of liquid plaster of Paris were poured in it without filling it. Upon returning to the nesting site at 1 :30 with additional 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 plaster of Paris several more burrow entrances were prepared and similar large quantities of liquid plaster were poured into them. Since it was clear that the openings lead to extensive underground cavities, one of the partly poured burrows was finally selected for excavation. The entrance was oval in outline measuring 7 X 12 mm. The burrow at a depth of .5 cm. as- sumed a circular outline with a diameter of 5 mm. At about this point it began to turn gradually and within the next 2.5 cm. formed a semicircular curvature on the wall of the excavation so that at a depth of 3 cm. the descending portion of the burrow was again in line with the burrow opening. It continued down- ward for another 2.5 cm. with its lower end opening into an earth fissure which clearly extended downward and laterally for some distance. Excavation of another burrow opening resulted in similar findings and demonstrated that the irregularities within the first 2 or 3 cm. of the burrow were occasioned by small rocks and pebbles in the 5 to 6 cm. mantle of soil which overlaid the heavily fissured adobe-like substrate. Exploratory excavations along the fissures in this underlying substrate re- vealed several bees at a depth of 32-40 cm. from the ground surface and a number of old cells from the preceding year. Further digging in this extremely hard, yet moist, adobe-like material produced one newly constructed cell series at a depth of 36 cm. The tunnel, 5 mm. in diameter, extended inward, horizontally from a fissure for a distance of 10 cm. Two cells, each measuring 6 mm. in internal diameter (widest) by 15 mm. in length, were appended at the terminus and lay in the same plane as the burrow. One of the cells was provisioned and sealed and contained a first instar larva. The other cell was still in the process of being provisioned. On the basis of nests from previous seasons it was learned that the horizontal tunnels leading inward from the fissures had been excavated in the 32-40 cm. depth level and varied in length from 10 to 15 cm. Each of these tunnels terminated in 4-6 cells. Our excavation opened some 9 square feet of the nesting site and extended downward to a depth of 2 to 3 feet, before it was necessary to terminate the digging. It was obvious that many of the fissures which varied in width from .5 cm. to 1.5 cm. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145 extended downward beyond the 2-3 foot level and laterally for indeterminate distances. How far laterally the bees extended their underground activities can only be conjectured. Since only one newly constructed nest was found in the removal of 18 or more cubic feet of earth and since 143 females were col- lected from just one of the 12 communal nest entrances, it must have been considerable. The number of Melissodes using the 12 underground entrances varied somewhat from entrance to entrance, but if only 100 on the average used each, the nesting site must have contained at least 1200 females. DISCUSSION Two aspects of these observations would appear to require further comment. First, to our knowledge, this is the first re- corded instance of North American eucerine bees utilizing a common entrance, although this type of behavior has been pre- viously recorded in the exomalopsine genus Exomalopsis [Hicks (1936); Linsley, MacSwain and Smith (1954); Rozen and MacNeill (1957)]. Females of this last genus apparently em- ploy two different methods of reaching the level at which they build their cells: (a) by the utilization of pre-existing passage- ways, such as soil cracks extending downward or burrows of prior generations or those of other bee species, or (b) by utiliz- ing a common nest entrance. Further investigation may reveal the same situation in M. composita, which was found nesting in very hard, cracked soil, overlaid by a mantle. This habit, apparently developed independently to meet similar physical problems in the nesting area, would also appear to have poten- tialities as an incipient stage toward a more complex social behavior than is usually evident in anthophorid bees. The second aspect is the behavioral response of the parasites to the problem created by the busy communal entrance, blocked much of the time by females entering and leaving, and by the relatively long distances from the entranceway to the cells being provisioned by the bee. The unusual behavior patterns of the females of Tricpcolns are marked departures from those char- acteristic of species which oviposit in cells of completely solitary 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 bees. This was reflected in the fact that several females would poise around a single entrance awaiting the opportunity to enter, the lack of antagonism toward each other, and the long periods of time during which they would stay below the surface presum- ably investigating numerous crevices and burrows. Their ability to successfully parasitize the Melissodes under these conditions was emphasized by the relatively large number of individuals present at the site. The same was true of the bombyliid flies, although the difficulties associated with successful parasitism in their case must have been much greater. Since the flies did not pass through the entrance to oviposit, primary larvae hatching near the opening had to traverse long distances to reach the open cells and pupal flies had to work their way to the com- munal opening from the intricate underground cracks for emer- gence. Empty pupal cases were found in numbers around the communal openings but none were encountered in underground spaces during excavation. It is interesting to speculate as to whether these modifications of more usual behavior patterns reflect adaptations to the habits of this particular species of bee, or whether they are within the range of normal response of these parasites to variations in nesting habits of their hosts. LITERATURE CITED COLE, F. R. 1952. New bombyliid flies reared from anthophorid bees. Pan-Pacific Ent., 28(3) : 126-130. GRAENICHER, S. 1905. Some observations on the life history and habits of parasitic bees. Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc., 3(4) : 152-167, 1 pi. HICKS, C. H. 1936. Nesting habits of certain western bees. Canadian Ent, 68(3) : 47-52. LINSLEY, E. G., J. W. MACSWAIN and R. F. SMITH. 1954. A note on the nesting habits of Exomalopsis solani Cockerell. Pan-Pacific Ent., 30(4) : 263-264. MICHENER, C. D. and R. B. LANGE. 1958. Distinctive type of primitive social behavior among bees. Science, 127(3305) : 1046-1047. ROZEN, J. G. and C. D. MACNEILL. 1957. Biological observations on Exomalopsis (Anthophorula) chioinira Cockerell, including a com- parison of the biology of Exomalopsis with that of other anthophorid groups (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 50(5): 522-529. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147 A New Genus and Three New Species of Phytoseiid Mites from Mexico with Collection Records on Phytoseius plumifer (C. & F.) and P. macropilis (Banks) By DONALD DE LEON, Pensacola, North Carolina Phytoseiids are mostly predaceous mites preying chiefly on plant feeding mites. The family is represented in Mexico by a rather large number of species some of which are widespread and common. The genus Phytoseius includes two species, the rediscovered plumifer (C. & F.) (Chant, 1957) and the ubiquitous macro- pilis (Banks). Recently the writer collected plumifer on the east coast of Mexico and on Key Largo, Florida. A third species, more common and with a broader distribution than plumifer in Mexico, is described below. Chant (/. c.) erected the genus Proprioseius for two unde- scribed species from the eastern United States; a third species is added to the group in this paper. All measurements are in microns and are averages unless the variation from the average is more than ten percent; if so, the range is given. Phytoseius nahuatlensis, n. sp. (Figures 3-4) P. nahuatlensis resembles P. plumifer (C. & F. ) as rede- scribed and figured by Chant (/. c.) in general facies, but differs from it chiefly by having a large pore behind Ml and by having shorter lateral setae. FEMALE: Dorsal shield 260 long, 131 wide, with faint imbri- cations along the anterolateral margins, faint rugosities antero- medially, and with 16 pairs of setae as follows: Eight laterals (including SI which is on the shield and close to L4), two medians, and six dorsals. The lengths of these setae follow : LI 36, L2 12, L3 31-40, L4 13-18, L5 46, L6 57-69, L7 42-61 ; Ml 9, M2 31-44; 1)1 20, D2-D6 9-14; all setae except Ml and D2-D6 and apparently L2 pectinate. SI 30 and YL1 38-48 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 long, both pectinate. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae; ventrianal shield strongly constricted laterally and with three pairs of preanal setae. Fixed digit with three teeth just proxi- mal of terminal hook, movable digit with one tooth. Genu, tibia and metatarsus of leg IV each with a slender, tapering macro- seta about 18, 18, and 20 long respectively, the tips not or scarcely enlarged. MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 206 long, about 118 wide. Holotype: Female, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, January 15, 1957 (D. De Leon), from Lonchocarpus rugosus. Paratypcs: One male, same locality as for holotype, but from RJius schi- deana; one female, Veracruz, Ver., December 25, 1956, from Guazunia tomentosa; three females, Tuxtla Gutierrez, January 12, 1957, from an unknown host. Additional specimens were collected from the latter locality on Plnchea odorata; from Cordoba, Ver., February 4 and 5, 1957, from Heliocarpus to- mentosa and Luehea Candida and from Santa Maria del Oro, Nay., March 24, 1957, from an unknown host. Specimens which closely resemble the above species, but are larger (dorsal shield 266-288 long), with most of the lateral setae longer (LI 38, L2 10, L3 46, L4 9, L5 60, L6 72-90, L7 58-72; M2 49-60), and with the macrosetae of leg IV some- what longer, coarser and with the tips distinctly enlarged were collected at Ixtlan del Rio, Nay., March 24, from an unknown host ; at Tepic, Nay., from Lippia umbellata; Mirador del Aguila (near Tepic), from Guazuma tomentosa; and at San Bias, Nay., April 4, from Thevetia sp. In addition three specimens col- lected on the east coast of Mexico in December 1956 from Guazuma sp. and Hamelia patens have very long lateral setae as follows: LI 47, L2 10, L3 60, L4 12, L5 78, L6 90-102, L7 74-81 ; M2 68. The macrosetae of leg IV of these last three mentioned specimens are large, coarse and with strongly ex- panded tips. Further work is necessary to determine whether three species are involved or whether all these specimens are variations of a single plastic species. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 Phytoseius plumifer (C. & F.) Collection records for this species follow : Reynosa, Tarn., December 18, 1956, from Cordia boissicri and Melochia tomentosa. Ciudad Victoria, Tarn., December 20, 1956, from an unknown host. Tamazunchale, S. L. P., De- cember 21, 1956, from Eriobotrya japonica. Veracruz, Ver., December 25, 1956, from Guasuma tomentosa. Tuxtla Gu- tierrez, Chiapas, January 15, 1957, from Cecropia pcltata, Achras sapota, and Morus alba. Key Largo, Florida, USA, June 1956 from Callicarpa americana. Phytoseius macropilis (Banks) Collection records for this species in Mexico follow : Minatitlan, Ver., January 8, 1957, from an unknown host. Ocozocoatla, Chiapas, January 28, 1957, from sangre toro. Proprioseius mirandai, n. sp. (Figures 1-2) P. mirandai is readily distinguished from the two other species in the genus (P. meridionalis Chant and P. clancyi Chant) by having L4, L7, and M2 much longer and more slender than they are in the latter two species. FEMALE: Body whitish, elongate; dorsal shield rugose, 277 long, 148 wide, with 14 pairs of setae as follow: Seven laterals, two medians, and five dorsals (D5 missing). Dorsal shield setae of the following lengths: L1-L3 14-18, L4 81, L5 13, L6 20, L7 111 ; Ml 5, M2 94 (L4, L7, and M2 strongly pectinate) ; Dl 27, D2-D6 7-11; SI 31 (pectinate), S2 18, VL1 71 (pec- tinate). Peritremata extending forward to Dl. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae; ventrianal shield with three pairs of preanal setae, no pores, about 100 long and 55 wide with the sides constricted and surrounded by four pairs of interscutal setae, including VL1. Two pairs of metapodal shields, the pri- mary one about 19 long ; a pair of small circular shields between VL1. Fixed digit with five or six teeth, movable digit with one tooth. Metatarsus of leg IV with a rapidly tapering macroseta about 19 long. 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 MALE: Resembles female. Dorsal shield 210 long, 125 wide; L4 45, L7 50, and M2 47 long, all pectinate. Holotypc: Female, Tepic, Nay., March 25, 1957 (D. De Leon), from Lippia umbellata. Paratypes: One female, same data as for holotype ; one male, San Bias, Nay., April 6, 1957, from agualama; one male and one female December 25, 1956, Veracruz, Ver., from Guazuma tomentosa; two females, Cor- doba, Ver., from Croton draco. Additional specimens were col- lected from Hainelia patens, Cordoba; from a composite, Matias Romero, Oax., January 30, 1957; and from Polygonum sp., San Bias, Nay., March 31, 1957. I am not certain that these mites are predaceous ; they may be facultative predators, as two specimens on a composite appeared to be sucking sap from the leaf no other mites were observed on the leaf. The mite is named for Dr. Faustino Miranda of the Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, D. F., who kindly identified most of the host plants I collected on the east coast of Mexico and in Oaxaca. TYPHLOSEIOPSIS, n. gen. Phytoseiids with dorsal shield smooth or nearly so, with at least five pairs of anterolateral setae, and with D2-D6 minute ; female without ventrianal shield (only anal shield present), male with ventral shield separated from anal shield ; genua I-IV, tibia IV, and metatarsus IV each with a macroseta. The ab- sence of a ventrianal shield in the female and the separated ven- tral and anal shields in the male are distinguishing characters. Type : Typhlosciopsis tlieodoliticus, n. sp. Typhloseiopsis theodoliticus, n. sp. (Figures 5-9) FEMALE : Body light tan ; dorsal shield 308 long, 201 wide with 16 pairs of setae as follows: Eight lateral (L4 is distinctly medial of a line drawn between L3 and L5), two median, and six dorsal. Lengths of setae as follows : LI 33, L2 L4 7-9, L5 9-18 (10 $5, 1 $ with L5 44), L6 9-13, L7 8, L8 56; Ml 8, M2 12; Dl 21-29, D2-D6 7-11; SI 14, S2 10; VL1 38. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 Proprioscius inirandai, n. sp. : 1, dorsal shield; 2, ventrianal shield. Phytoscius nahuatlcnsis, n. sp. : 3, dorsal shield; 4, ventrianal shield. Typhlosciopsis theodoliticus, n. sp. : 5, dorsal shield ; 6, posterolateral margin of genital shield ; 7, anal shield of female and the four pairs of preanal setae and the pair of pores of the ventrianal area ; 8, ventral and anal shields of male ; 9, distal end of spermatophore bearer. Sternal shield longer than wide, very faintly reticulate and with three pairs of setae ; ventral shield missing, not fused with anal shield ; four pairs of preanal setae and a pair of small pores anterior of anal shield ; anal shield 59 long, 63 wide with three setae and of shape shown in figure ; three pairs of setae including VL1 surrounding ventrianal area ; two pairs of small, narrowly oval metapodal shields. Legs slender, with macrosetae of the following lengths: Germ I 36, genu II 27-36, genu III 35, genu IV 54; tibia IV 27-36; metatarsus IV 43-63; all macro- setae slender and tapering to a fine point. MALE : Resembles female, but L5 22 long and ventral shield present although not fused with anal shield ; three pairs of setae on ventral shield and two pairs of setae and a pair of pores 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 between ventral and anal shields ; anal shield 45 wide, 32 long of shape shown in figure. Dorsal shield 248 long, 163 wide. Holotype: Female, San Bias, Nay., March 28, 1957 (D. De Leon), from Paullinia fuscescens. Paratypes: One male, three females, San Bias, Nay., March 31, 1957, from Coinbretum fari- nosum; two females, Cordoba, Ver., February 4, 1957, from Miconia glaberrima. Additional specimens were collected in the San Bias area from Licaria sp., Annona sp., banana, and a lauraceous tree, and at Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, from Piper sp. These mites were found in association with species of B mi- palpus and Tenidpalpus. Holotypes of the above species are in the writer's collection, paratypes will be deposited in the University of Florida Collec- tions, Gainesville. REFERENCE CITED CHANT, D. A. 1957. Descriptions of two new phytoseiid genera (Aca- rina: Phytoseiidae), with notes on Phytoseius Ribaga, 1902. Canad. Ent. 89 (8) : 357-363. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 A Synonymical List of American Himantariidae, with a Generic Key and Description of a New Genus (Chilopoda: Geophilo- morpha: Himantariidae) By RALPH E. CRABILL, JR., U. S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. (Continued from p. 126) The underlying key should assist in the generic allocation of many existing species and provide a framework within which forthcoming new forms may be studied. Without any doubt the future accumulation of additional information on distribu- tion and variation will affect it profoundly : this is frankly anticipated. The reader will note that I have included Notho- bius Cook and Gosothri.v Chamberlin, both questionably referred to the family by Attems (1, p. 54) because of their possession of ultimate pedal pretarsi. On the basis of the original descrip- tion at least of Gosothri.v it certainly seems apparent, at least to me, that the Chamberlin genus is a true himantariid. KEY TO THE AMERICAN HIMANTARIID GENERA 5 la. Ultimate legs with typical unguiform pretarsi (Nothobius, Gosothrix) 2 Ib. Ultimate legs without pretarsi 3 2a. Narrow major paratergites present at least on some seg- ments. Ventral pore-fields present. Coxopleural pores numerous, presumably free and not concentrated in pits or fossae Nothobius Cook 2b. Major paratergites and ventral pore-fields absent. The majority of the coxopleural pores concealed, opening into pits or fossae along and beneath the edge of the sternite (and tergite ?) Gosothri.r Chamberlin 3a. Coxopleural pores exposed, essentially uniformly distributed over most or all of the coxopleural surface. Ventral pore- fields present or absent (Stenophilus, Arcophilus) 4 5 The key makes no provision for Haplophilus suhtcrranca (Leach) (scnsu Chalande & Ribaut, 1909), a widespread European form inter- cepted at quarantine and possibly established in this country, or for Haplophilus f/rcnadae Chamb., 1912, or Haplophilus hcspcrus Chamb., 1928; the generic affinities of the latter two species are in doubt. 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 3b. Most or all of the coxopleural pores concealed, opening into one to several pits or into fossae lying next to and/or some- what beneath the sternite margins. Ventral pore-fields pres- ent (Gosopliihis, Garriscaphus, Empherososter) 5 4a. Labrum not deeply incised medially, instead evenly arched over its entire breadth. Ventral pore-fields present, evi- dently on most sternites, including those of rear third of body 6 Arcopliilus Chamberlin 4b. Labrum medially deeply incised, not evenly arched over its entire breadth. Ventral pore-fields absent (coloradanus, caHjornicus), present on anterior half of body (rotlii), or present on most of the posterior segments as well (aitda- cior] Stenophilus Chamberlin 5a. Base of prehensorial claw with a small but distinct black denticle. Subcondylic sclerotic lines of prosternum absent (applies only to type-species, or tines; see Note A) Garriscaphus Chamberlin 5b. Base of prehensorial claw without such a denticle. Subcon- dylic sclerotic lines absent or present (Gosipliiliis, Empliero- zostcr) 6 6a. Prosternal subcondylic sclerotic lines in most pronounced, extending to condyles. Ultimate sternite in most broader than long, usually conspicuously so. Intercalary (not major) paratergites present, at least in some species and probably in all. Antennae often flattened proximally, often attenuate distally. 1st maxillary lappets present. Anal pores absent (in type and in all known specimens Gosiphilus Chamberlin (see Notes A, B, and C.) 6b. Prosternal sclerotic lines absent, i.e., not passing across corner of prosternum toward and connecting with condyles. Ultimate pedal sternite much longer than its width at mid- length. Intercalary paratergites absent, the lateral ends of intercalary tergites covered by intercalary pleurites. An- tennae not attenuate distally, the more proximally articles not depressed dorso-ventrally nor subcylindrical, instead compressed on each side and distinctly longer than wide. 1st maxillary lappets absent. Anal pores present Emphcrozostcr, New Genus 6 The Bolivian Stigmata gaster gracillima Verhoeff, 1938, is questionably placed here ; however, its pore-fields occur only on the anterior half of the body. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 LIST OF AMERICAN HIMANTARIIDAE The following list is synonymical to the extent that a very careful study of the literature and an admittedly limited ac- quaintance with the American specimens are capable of making it. As will be seen, most of the species are known only from their type localities. I have listed what seem to be the valid genera, the type species with the method of fixation, the species believed at this time to be included under each generic name, synonyms, .the sources and dates of publication, and a general indication of distribution. An asterisk indicates that the asso- ciated species is known only from the type locality or localities. Arcophilus Chamberlin, 1943. (14. 10). Type-species: Arcophilus toltecus Chamb., 1943. (Original designation and monotypic). Arcophilus toltecus Chamb., 1943. (14, p. 10; Mexico: Puebla * ) . ? Stigmatogaster gracillima Verhoeff, 1938. (21, p. 126; Bolivia *). Empherozoster Crabill, 1959. Type-species : Empherozoster antacus Crab., 1959. (Original designation and monotypic). Empherozoster antaeus Crab., 1959. (New Mexico*). Garriscaphus Chamberlin, 1941. (13, p. 789). Type-species: Garriscaphus oreines Chamb., 1941. (Original designation). Garriscaphus oreines Chamb., 1941. (13, p. 790; Cali- fornia *). ? Garriscaphus amplus Chamb., 1941. (13, p. 790; Cali- fornia *). ( ? = Gosiphilus). Gosiphilus Chamberlin, 1912. (6, p. 671 ). (See Note C). Type-species : Strigamia laticcps Wood, 1862, vicl. infr. (--Gosiphilus laticcps (Wood)). (Subsequent designa- tion of Crabill, 19, p. 88). ?Syn. : Califomiphilus Verhoeff, 1938. (20, p. 370), \vith type-species C. michelbacheri Verhoeff, 1938. (20, p. 371). (Monotypic). ? Garriscaphus amplus Chamb., 1941. (13, p. 790; Cali- fornia *). 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 Gosiphilus auximus Chamb., 1938. (12, p. 254; Texas*). Gosiphilus bakeri Chamb., 1912. (6, p. 672; California*). Gosiphilus craterus Chamb., 1944. (15, p. 186; Mexico: Hidalgo *). Gosiphilus euphorion Crab., 1953. (19, p. 85; Alabama*, Tennessee *, Kentucky *). Strigamia laticeps Wood, 1862. (22, p. 49; Texas, California, Nevada 7 ). Calif orniphilus mexicanus Attems, 1947. (2, p. 51 ; Mex- ico *). (? : - au.riums Chamb., 1938, q.v.). Calif orniphilus michelbacheri Verhoeff, 1938. (20, p. 371 ; California *). Gosiphilus minor Chamb., 1912. (6, p. 671; California*). Gosiphilus minor arizonicus Chamb., 1925. (9, p. 54; Ari- zona *). Gosiphilus morelus Chamb., 1943. (14, p. 11 ; Mexico: More- lus *). Gosiphilus orizabae Chamb., 1944. (15, p. 185; Mexico: Vera Cruz * ) . ? Strigamia taeniopsis Wood, 1862. (22, p. 48; Georgia, ? = California). Gosothrix Chamberlin, 1923. (8, p. 398). Type-species: Gosothrix insulanus Chamb., 1923. (Original designation and monotypic). Gosothrix insulanus Chamb., 1923. (8, p. 398; Gulf of California *). Nothobius Cook, 1899. (18, p. 303). Type-species: Nothobius calif ornicus Cook, 1899. (Mono- typic). Nothobius californicus Coo, 1899. (18, p. 303; California). Stenophilus Chamberlin, 1946. (16, p. 35). (Revised, 17, p. 37). 7 The type was collected in Texas. Chamberlin has reported the Cali- fornia and Nevada records, basing them upon specimens with prominent, complete prosternal sclerotic lines and circular anterior spiracles. The holotype of laticeps, however, lacks subcondylic sclerotic lines and has vertically elliptical spiracles. See Notes A and B. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 Type-species: Stenophilus coloradanus Chamb., 1946. (Orig- inal designation and monotypic). ? Haplophilus audacior Chamb., 8 1909. (5, p. 177 ; Idaho *). Meinertophilus calif ornicus Chamb., 1930. (11, p. 297; California *). Stenophilus coloradanus Chamb., 1946. (16, p. 35; Colo- rado *). Stenophilus rothi Chamb., 1953. (17, p. 38; Oregon*, Montana * ) . Generic Assignment Uncertain. Haplophilus audacior Chamb., 1909. (5, p. 177; Idaho*). Haplophilus hesperus Chamb., 1928. (10, p. 309; Utah *). Haplophilus grenadae Chamb., 1912. (7, p. 435 ; Missis- sippi *, not "Missiones," auctt. lap. cal.). Note A. Prosternal Sclerotic Lines ("chitin lines"). It is easy to misinterpret the meanings of various authors when they refer to this character. For instance, when it is stated that chitin lines (or better, prosternal sclerotic or sub- condylic lines) are absent, this only means (in the case of these himantariid genera) that the lines do not pass across the antero- lateral corners of the prosternum toward or to the condyles, as is the case in fig. 4. Note, however, that the lines are actually present (e), though mostly covered by the pleurites (a). To state that the lines are complete means that they connect with the condyles. Therefore we should not describe them as absent unless in fact they are. Instead, the following distinction should be made : 1 ) sclerotic lines passing toward the condyles across the prosternum, or passing toward and connecting with the con- dyles, versus; 2) sclerotic lines not passing across the proster- num toward the condyles. I suspect that all himantariid species which are said by convention to lack these lines in fact have them, though they do not migrate across the prosternal corner toward or connect with the condyles. 8 Originally (16, p. 35) Chamberlin referred audacior to Stenophilus, even though he characterized the genus as lacking sternital pore-fields. Subsequently (17, p. 37) he altered the generic diagnosis to make provi- sion for species with ventral pore-fields but only if they are restricted to the anterior half of the body (e.g. rothi). However, in 1909 he stated that audacior does have pore-fields on the rear body sternites. 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 Note B. Gosiphilus laticeps (Wood), type-species of the genus ; a brief diagnosis of the holotypical specimen. Male with 81 pairs of legs. Antennae basally flattened, dis- tally attenuate. Prebasal plate concealed. Labrum : deeply em- bayed but not divided medially, teeth 9+10; apparently broadly fused with clypeus, at least laterally. Mandible : dentate lamella with 12-13 teeth; 7-8 pectinate lamellae, their teeth with paral- lel sides. 1st maxillae: telopodite bipartite, with distinct tri- angular lappets ; deeply incised medially ; coxosternum without lappets. 2nd maxillae : deeply incised medially ; with a shallow midlongitudinal groove (but no suture) ; claw pointed, inner surface concave, with basal spines. Prosternal sclerotic lines not passing toward condyles across prosternal corner, appearing ex- actly as in fig. 4(e). Prehensors : without articular denticles; claw distally concave. Tergites : except the first two and last each conspicuously bisulcate ; major paratergites absent; inter- calary paratergites present and readily seen at least on the anterior body third. Pleurites : no stigmopleurite fused with adjacent plates ; spiracles at least of anterior body half each distinctly vertically elliptical, the lower arc of each narrower than the upper (hence each is rather egg-shaped in outline), no spiracle is circular ; intercalary pleurites very large, over- lapping sides of intercalary tergites, at least on posterior third of body. Sternites : pore-fields on sternites 2 through penulti- mate ; without pouches, fossae, etc. Ultimate segment : pre- tergite separated from very large intercalary pleurites ; tergite broadly trapezoidal ; sternite no broader than long, posterior margin deeply emarginate, sides gently convergent ; each coxo- pleuron with 3 ventral pits containing cryptic pore-openings and with 2 elongate dorsal pits also with cryptic pore-openings ; legs incomplete but reportedly clawless. Postpedal segments : J 1 gonopods long, very widely separated, each bipartite. Terminal pores absent. Note C. Gosiphilus and Californiphilus. Lacking adequate material and other evidence, I have not felt justified in re-allocating the species here included under Gosi- Quite obviously this arrangement is both unsatisfactory Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 and tentative. This is all the more apparent from the fact that the type-species of Gosiphilus lacks complete prosternal sclerotic lines, though the presence of such lines was supposed to be a signal characteristic of the genus. Should the accumulation of additional information justify a generic division based upon this character alone, then perhaps most of the species would take the Verhoeff name, Californiphilus, whose type-species does possess complete sclerotic lines. At the same time it is quite likely that the best, and as yet unknown, arrangement is much more com- plicated than this. BIBLIOGRAPHY ATTEMS, C. G. 1) Das Tierreich, Lief. 52: 1-388, (1929). 2) Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien, 55: 50-149, (1947). BROELEMANN, H. 3) Faune de France, 25: 1-405, (1930). CHALANDE, J. AND H. RIBAUT. 4) Arch. Zool. Exper., (5)1: 197-275, (1909). CHAMBERLIN, R. V. 5) Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., (2)3: 175-195, (1909). 6) III. Journ. Ent. Zool. Pomona, 4(1) : 651-672, (1912). 7) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 54(13) : 407-436, (1912). 8) Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4)12(18) : 389-407, (1923). 9) Journ. Ent. Zool. Pomona, 17(4) : 53-54, (1925). 10) Ent. News, 39(10): 307-311, (1928). 11) Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool., 33(14)) : 297-300, (1930). 12) Ent. News, 49: 254-255, (1938). 13) Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 34: 773-790, (1941). 14) Bull. Univ. Utah Biol. Ser., 7(3) : 1-55, (1943). 15) Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, 28(4) : 175-216, (1944). 16) Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 59: 35-38, (1946). 17) Psyche, 60(1) : 37-39, (1953). COOK, O. F. 18) Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 4(3) : 303-312, (1899). CRABILL, R. E., JR. 19) Ent. News, 48(4) : 85-88, (1953). VERHOEFF, K. W. 20) Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 71: 339-388, (1938). 21) Zool. Anz., 123(5/6): 123-130, (1938). WOOD, H. C., JR. 22) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2)5: 1-52, (1862) 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 Types of Tingidae Described by Torre-Bueno (Hemiptera) * By GEORGE W. BYERS In 1948, the Snow Entomological Museum of the University of Kansas acquired two outstanding collections of Hemiptera, those of J. R. de la Torre-Bueno and G. W. Kirkaldy. To- gether with the collections were purchased the extensive libra- ries of reprints and separate papers accumulated by these two hemipterists. Interpolation of the Torre-Bueno and Kirkaldy specimens into the Snow Museum collection has only recently been completed. It was found at the time of purchase that the Torre-Bueno collection had been extensively damaged by water (as a result of flooding of a basement in which the collection had been stored) and by dermestids. The following notes per- tain to the type series of two species of Tingidae found in this collection, which are, as far as I am aware, the only North American species of this family described by Torre-Bueno. Acalypta lillianis Bueno 1916. A new tingid from New York state. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 11 (2) : 39-40. A box that had contained about eighty pinned tingids, includ- ing a part of the type series of this species, was found to have all the specimens detached from the paper points to which they had been glued ; the insects lay scattered in the bottom of the box. By reference to the original description and comparison with specimens kindly loaned from the United States National Museum by Dr. Peter D. Ashlock, I isolated from the debris 1 Contribution No. 1044 from the Department of Entomology, Univer- sity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 Collembola from Japan. I. Onychiurinae By HAROLD GEORGE SCOTT 1 During 1951 and 1952, Captain John E. Scanlon 2 collected a number of interesting springtail insects while with the 406th Medical General Laboratory (U. S. Army) in Japan. This is the first of a series of papers reporting on these collections. Specimens will be deposited with the Academy of Natural Sci- ences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Onychiurus pseudarmatus Folsom, 1917. The similarity between this species (not previously recorded from Japan) and the Japanese Onychiurus yagii is recognized. However, the Scanlon specimens are clearly Onychiurus pseudar- matus. JAPANESE RECORD. From soil of rodent burrow, 23-X-1952, Shizuoka, Subashiri, Honshu, JAPAN, by J. E. Scanlon. DISTRIBUTION. Japan, Alaska (from moss), New York (from leaf mold). Onychiurus ramosus Folsom, 1917. The Japanese specimens agree fully with Folsom's description. This species has not been recorded previously from Japan. JAPANESE RECORD. From Berlese funnel sample of soil, bamboo grove in woods, 677 meters altitude, 20-vi-1952, Beppu, Otta Ken, Kyushu, JAPAN, by J. E. Scanlon. DISTRIBUTION. Japan, Ontario, Illinois (among grass roots, in woods under damp logs), Iowa. Key to the Species of Onychiurinae Recorded from Japan 1. Furcula well developed; body pigmented ; adults longer than 5 mm Homaloproctus sauteri Borner, 1909 1 Training Branch, Communicable Disease Center, Bureau of State Services, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia. 2 Medical Service Corps, U. S. Army. Present address : Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 Furcula absent or strongly reduced ; body generally unpig- mented ; adults shorter than 5 mm 2 2. Hind margin of head with pseudocelli 3 Hind margin of head without pseudocelli 5 3. Anal spines absent Onychiurus folsorni (Schaffer, 1900) Anal spines present 4 4. Tergites minutely granulate; pseudocellar formula (2 + 2) (0,1 + 1,2 + 2) (2 + 2,2 + 2, 2 + 2,2 + 2,2 + 2,0) ... Onychiurus yagii Kinoshita, 1923 Tergites coarsely granulate; pseudocellar formula (2 + 2) (0, 1 + 1, 1 + 1) (2 + 2, 2 + 2, 2 + 2, 2 + 2, 3 + 3, 0) ... Onychiurus pseudarmatus Folsom, 1917 5. Postantennal organ with about 30 tubercles ; integument coarsely granulate. . . Onychinis graniilatus (Borner, 1909) Postantennal organ with about 13-15 tubercles; integument minutely granulate 6 6. Unguiculus much less than one-half length of unguis ; post- antennal tubercles simple Onychirus tomuraushensis ( Yosii, 1940) Unguiculus approximately half length of unguis or longer ; postantennal tubercles many lobed Onychiurus rainosus Folsom, 1917 SUMMARY Onycliinnis psendannatus and Onychiurus ramosus are re- corded for the first time from Japan. A key to the species of Onychiurinae known from Japan is presented. JAPANESE SUMMARY (By Dr. Shinichi Matsuda, Chief, Department of Epidemiology, Insti- tute of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.) Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 LI REFERENCES CITED BORNER, C. 1909. Sitz. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 2: 99-135. FOLSOM, J. W. 1917. Proc. United States Natl. Mus., 53: 637-659. KINOSHITA, M. 1923. Konchu Sekai, 27: 75-79. SCHAFFER, C. 1900. Fauna Arctica, 1(2) : 237-258. Yosn, R. 1940. Annot. Zool. Japon., 19(3) : 185-190. Note on the Rearing of Thysanus fasciatus (Hy- menoptera : Thysanidae) from Melanaspis lilacina (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in California By P. H. ARNAUD, JR., Bureau of Entomology, California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento Melanaspis lilacina (Cockerell) is considered to be a rare scale in California, having been recorded so far from only two California localities in San Diego County Banner, in 1939, and Descanso, in 1955 (McKenzie, H. L., 1956, Bull. Calif. Insect Sur., 5: 77). The thysanid parasite here recorded was reared from the latter collection. From a small collection of a half dozen adult scales of M. lilacina (det. confirmed, H. L. McKenzie) collected on Oner ens sp. at the Sherilton Ranch, Descanso, 30 November 1955, by G. W. Schwegel and J. P. Dion, a single female specimen of Thysanus fasciatus (Girault) (det. B. D. Burks) was reared by the writer. Its pupa was discovered under one of the scale covers previous to its emer- gence. This is very probably a primary parasite, as De Bach, Kennett and Pence (Jour. Econ. Ent. 51(1) : 114-115, 1958) have recently recorded rearings of Thysanus uicrccti (Male- notti) and T. thoreauini (Girault) from armored scales as pri- mary parasites. Thysanus fasciatus was originally described from Mexico, and in the United States is known to occur in Texas. 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 Variation in the Ant Polyrhachis thrinax (Hymenoptera) By W. L. BROWN, JR., Museum of Comparative Zoology Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) thrinax Roger Polyrhachis thrinax Roger, 1863, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr. 7: 152, worker. Type loc. : Ceylon. Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax'} thrinax var. mucronis Donis- thorpe, 1942, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 9: 460, worker (stated in error to be female). Type loc. : Nadungayam, 200 feet, Malabar, S. India. NEW SYNONYMY. Donisthorpe states, "In this variety the central spine on the petiole is simple instead of being bimucronate as in the typical form." In a type of mucronis received from the British Mu- seum, however, I find that the tip of the central spine is actually finely bimucronate. The Nadungayam specimen, a few workers from Bombay (?.r. G. B. King Coll.), and two nest series from Jorhat, Assam (A. C. Cole leg.) show some variation in the breadth of the apex of the spine, as well as in other minor char- acters, but there is nothing exceptional in this for a Polyrhachis. Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Michigan State List in Preparation. According to the steering committee (R. R. Dreisbach, Roland Fisher, J. H. Newman, George Steyskal, and Henry Townes) work has begun on a list of insects, arachnids, and other land arthropods of Michigan. Records of about 17,000 species and 85,000 indi- vidual county occurrences are on hand. Additional records with authentic determinations, specialists to advise, and, in some areas, to take responsibility for taxonomic groups are needed. Typed copy is to be ready for specialists by January 1960, and for final typing by January, 1962. Mr. R. R. Dreis- bach is general editor and communications may be addressed to him at 301 Helen Street, Midland, Michigan. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 Review A RECLASSIFICATION OF THE ORDER ODONATA. By F. C. FRASER. The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1957. 133 pp., 63 figs. R. J. Tillyard's concept of Odonata classification, which was annotated, completed and posthumously published by F. C. Fraser in 1938-40 (A reclassification of the Order Odonata, based on some new interpretations of the venation of the dragon- fly wing. Australian Zool. 9 : 125-169 ; 195-221 ; 359-396), has been revised by Fraser. Updating of this significant study is occasioned by (1) subsequent discoveries of fossil Odonata in Oklahoma and Kansas, (2) re-examination by Carpenter of Commentary fossil wings initially and inaccurately described and figured by Brongniart and by Meunier, (3) finding of nymphs of the archaic genera Choristnagrion and Lestoidea by Dobson and (4) study of evolutionary and ontogenetic development of the subcostal and anal veins by Fraser. A considerable part of the present work is essentially a reprint of the earlier with Fraser's previous footnote annotations incorporated in the body of the text. Usually in identifiably new paragraphs are inter- polated Fraser's views (some previously published), systematic rearrangements and elucidating comments on the differing con- cepts of Tillyard and Carpenter regarding ancestral Odonata. None of the figures appears to be new although there is re- interpretation of some, especially that of the wing of the ances- tral Protagrion audouini. Controversial in the study of Odonata evolution has been the source of the Anisozygoptera and their descendents, the Ani- soptera. Tillyard's original view was that the broad-based wing of anisopterous forms derived from narrow-petioled zy- gopterous types by means of recurrent branches thrown off from the stem of the anal vein which was fused at its base with the posterior cubitus (Qu) in both suborders. This view yielded, prematurely according to Fraser, to a concept of dual origin held by Carpenter and based on his studies of the Permian Protanisoptera. It is Carpenter's contention that the Anisoptera 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1959 derived from the Protanisoptera, forms in which the anal vein was independent of the posterior cubitus, and that the Zygoptera, having the anal vein fused with the posterior cubitus, arose from the Protodonata independently of the Anisoptera through protozygopterovis types. As Fraser points out, adherence to Carpenter's thesis necessitates acceptance of a parallelism of evolution in so many venational structures as to be incredible. It is, as well, a thesis which neither explains why the forewing of the Anisozygoptera is zygopterous while the hindwing is anisopterous nor accounts for the existence of zygopterous struc- tures in present-day Anisoptera. Largely on the basis of these vestigial characters, and reinforced by the fossil record and acceptance of Lameere's ancestral Palaeopterous type of wing- venation, Fraser proposes that the Anisoptera have, in their descent from the Protodonata, passed through a zygopterous stage and that the anal vein arises independently of the posterior cubitus from the base of the wing in both extant suborders. The present classification is consistent with his hypothesis, and reflects, in so far as it can, Fraser's views on evolution within the palaeopterous Odonata. The starting point of separation from the Protodonata is held likely to be Eresipteron (Sub- order Meganisoptera), a point proposed earlier by Carpenter. From the Meganisoptera arose two lines, the successful Proto- zygoptera and, according to Fraser, a dead end, the Protani- soptera. It was because of the seeming foreshadowing within this latter group of libelluloid and aeshnoid features that Car- penter (and later Tillyard) proposed this group as the direct precursors of the Anisozygoptera, and hence Anisoptera. Al- though Fraser argues well his point that the Protanisoptera indeed constituted an evolutionary blind alley, this is a locus likely to be controversial for some time. Fraser then considers that the Protozygoptera, in addition to bearing an unsuccessful side-branch, the Archizygoptera, gave rise also to the Zygoptera from which developed the Coenagrioidea, Hemiphlebioidea and Lestinoidea. The Agrioidea and Anisozygoptera separated from the Lestine complex, according to Fraser. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 In addition to this main evolutionary stream and resulting therefrom, there are several noteworthy and probably contro- versial items of classification : ( 1 ) a further development of Eraser's previously published account on the position of his new family Macrodiplactidae (Macrodiplax, Urothemis, Aethri- amanta and Selysiothemis} as a natural annectant between the Corduliidae and Libellulidae ; (2) a consideration of the Syn- themidae as a link between Corduliidae, in which these archaic forms were previously included, and Cordulegasteridae, bring- ing the latter into the orbit of the Libelluloidea ; (3) a splitting of the hodge-podge Megapodagriidae with inclusion of that family in the Lestinoidea; (4) a discussion of the relationship of Agrioidea to Lestinoidea based largely on the amphiptery- gine-like nymph of Lestoidea conjuncta. It is significant to point out that the last point is one of the very few instances in which characteristics of the larval form are brought to bear on the systematics of the group, for it reflects the regrettable paucity of critical studies on immature dragonflies. Whereas the wings and wing venation are of greatest impor- tance in recognition of orders and families of insects and these are the very parts generally preserved as fossils, there should be no overlooking the importance of the potential value of thorax (for evidence on changes in obliquity and obliteration of sutures), tarsi (for numbers), head (for fusion of the eyes over the vertex), terminal abdominal portions (for changes occasioned by the progressive loss of endophytic oviposition) and larvae, the characters of which may be more representative of evolutionary struggle. No ecological and only scant zoogeo- graphical evidence is brought to bear on the problem. The present study has dealt considerately with what evidence ob- tains ; that it is deficient in ancillary evidence is immediately recognizable. Occasional typesetting and editing errors do not and could not very well detract from the significance of this study in increasing the student's understanding of the group. EDWARD J. KORMONDY EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Bembicini and Stizini (Hym., Sphec.) of New World wanted for revis. study. Will return upon request or at end of project. James E. Gillaspy, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. Texas, Austin 12, Texas. Agapema galbina. Will exchange cocoons of this moth for nature books. E. Frizzell, Route 4, Box 96, San Benito, Texas. Tenebrionidae of the World wanted, in exchange for insects of Argen- tina and neighboring countries. Horacio J. Molinari, Av. Lib. Gral San Martin 55, Acassuso (Buenos Aires), Rep. Argentina. Butterflies. Wish to exchange specimens for Japanese species. Please write to Ichiro Nakamura (Boy, age 16), 26 Aza-Nichiyama Obayashi Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. Phasmidae of nearctic area desired alive. Purchase or trade, drawing on large stock of major orders, worldwide. Domminck J. Pirone, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Nitidulidae and Rhizophagidae wanted in exchange for European bee- tles of all families. O. Marek, Zamberk 797, Czechoslovakia. Wanted and Needed. We are compiling a history of entomology, and particularly, at present, of the amateur insect clubs that flourished 50 to 75 years ago. Will you who have knowledge of such early clubs or societies advise me, giving facts on the time of existence, members, etc., which you may have. J. J. Davis, Dept. of Entomology, Purdue Uni- versity, Lafayette, Indiana. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3. PENNSYLVANIA Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Neorembus, Isorembus}, Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus) and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, Baudia) are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic . nQJ^sX' variation, distribution and frequently locality records ffft each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography''' of each genus ar'e\ discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable"- characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. 5 , ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS x JULY 1959 Vol. LXX No. 7 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS Ross New species of Chimarra 169 Mecller A nest of Bombus huntii 179 Arnaud Diptera from Guadalupe Island, Mexico 182 Slater, Barber and Sailer The genus Myodocha 185 Heinrich Cratichneumon w-album and C. variegatus 190 Byers -Types of Tingidae described by Torre-Bueno 191 Review The Odonata of Canada and Alaska . 194 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $5.00 domestic; $5.30 foreign; $5.15 Canada Second-class postage paid at Lancaster. 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The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4X6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. It is not advisable to print half-tones as text-figures. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Members of the American Entomological Society may elect to receive, gratis, 25 offprints of their contributions. These will be "run-of- form," without removal of extraneous matter. Those members desiring more than 25 separates, and all non-members, will receive no gratis copies. They must obtain all their separates (as reprints, with extraneous matter removed) from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their order for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. 13-16 pp. 17-20 pp. Covers 50 $3.95 $6.33 $ 9.89 $10.28 $13.44 $4.31 100 4.74 7.51 11.86 12.65 16.21 5.89 Add'l 100 1.58 2.36 3.94 4.74 5.54 3.16 Plates printed one side: First 50, $3.15; Additional 100's, $2.37. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXX JULY, 1959 No. 7 New Species of Chimarra from Mexico and Central America (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) By HERBERT H. Ross, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana The Nearctic species of Chimarra contain data which should be highly informative concerning the evolution of aquatic in- sects in the eastern and central United States, especially during Pleistocene time. Up to the present, however, efforts to extract and apply this information have been hampered seriously be- cause of the polyphyletic nature of our Chimarra fauna. The chief difficulty seems to be that the United States fauna of Chimarra has probably arisen from several phyletic lines having an origin in Mexico, and our knowledge of the Mexican fauna is fragmentary. An effort is made in this paper to describe new species from Mexico and Central America as the first step in adducing the phylogeny of this interesting group. Holotypes and some paratypes described in this paper are deposited in the collection of the Illinois Natural History Sur- vey; other paratypes are deposited in the Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Mexico City, D. F. Subgenus CHIMARRA Stephens The first 11 species described herein belong to the aterrima group of the subgenus Chimarra as defined by Ross (1956). In all of these species the ninth segment has a large ventral keel, the cercus is button or biscuit shaped, and the tenth tergite has two pairs of lobes of which the mesal pair are membranous and often inconspicuous, and the aedeagus has one or two pairs of simple rods in addition to other unpaired internal structure. (169) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JUL 4 t959 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [u* 1959 Chimarra embia new species The simple claspers and processes of the tenth tergite are not only diagnostic for this species but also indicate that it is prob- ably one of the most primitive known members of the aterrima group. Male : Length 4.5 mm. Color very dark brown, the dorsal surface blackish, the legs a slightly lighter shade of brown. General structure and venation typical of the aterrima group. Male genitalia as in fig. 1. Ninth segment constricted near middle of lateral margin, with a rather narrow dorsal position. Claspers elongate and narrow from both lateral and posterior views, with a simple mesal lobe near middle. Tenth tergite with both mesal and lateral lobes short and pointed. Aedeagus with two short pairs of simple rods. Holotypc <$. Tonala, Chis., MEX., Sept. 2, 1932, A. Dampf. Paratypes. MEXICO (all at light, A. Dampf) : Same data as holotype, 11 ^; Tonala, Chis., May 23, 1926, 7 ; Rio Ixtepec, Oax., July 30, 1938, 5 ; La Forestal, Ver., May 22, 1926, 7 J. Chimarra ovalis new species An unusually distinctive member of the aterrima group, set off from all others by the spikelike lateral lobes of the tenth tergite. Male : Size, color, and general structure similar to the preced- ing. Male genitalia as in fig. 2. Ninth segment forming a wide ring. Clasper fairly long and broad, bearing a series of long- apical dorsal spines ; the dorsal margin is incised and curved mesad to form a large mesal projection. Lateral lobes of tenth tergite narrow, spikelike, and heavily sclerotized. Aedeagus with two simple rods, one of medium length and the other twice as long. Holotypc . Salto de Agua, Chis., MEX., Apr. 28, 1938, A. Dampf. Chimarra volenta new species This species is probably closest to ovalis, differing in the shorter clasper and much higher lateral lobes of the tenth tergite. l.xx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 Male : Length 6.5 mm. Color and general structure as for ovalis. Male genitalia as in fig. 6. Ninth segment somewhat narrowed dorsally. Clasper short, almost quadrate, the dorsal margin produced mesad to form a short lobe. Lateral lobes of tenth tergite high near the base, then tapering almost to a point at apex. Aedeagus with two simple rods, both of them massive at base, tapering and heavily sclerotized, one fairly long and the other only two-thirds as long. Holotype <$. No data but submitted by A. Dampf and pre- sumably collected in Mexico. Chimarra acuta new species This and the following species are readily distinguished from other members of the aterrinia group by the curious forked mesal process on the dorsal margin of the clasper. Male : Size, color, and general structure similar to einbia. Genitalia as in fig. 3. Ninth segment with very broad ventral lobes ; the dorsal portion forms a ridge at the base of the tenth tergite. Clasper broad at base, tapering dorsally to a narrow apex which curves abruptly mesad and is incised and almost clawlike at the tip. Lateral lobes of tenth tergite short and blunt. Aedeagus with two subequal simple setae, both very long. Holotype <$. Cuernavaca, Mor., MEX., Apr. 30, 1932, at light, A. Dampf. Paratype. Same data as holotype, but Mar. 2, 1932, 1 $. Chimarra boneti new species This is a sister species of the preceding, differing from it in the truncate apex of the clasper and the dissimilar simple rods of the aedeagus. Male : Size, color, and structure similar to the preceding. Male genitalia, fig. 4, similar in most respects to the preceding with the following differences : lateral lobes of the tenth tergite slightly shallower ; lateral view of clasper with the tip forming an obliquely truncate and slightly expanded apex ; the two sim- 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J urv > 1959 pie internal rods of the aedeagus dissimilar, one long and only slightly curved, the other shorter and markedly arcuate. Holotype <$. Ocosingo Valley, Chis., MEX., Finca El Real, July 1, 1950, at light, Rio Sta. Cruz, C. & M. Goodnight and L. J. Stannard. Paratypes. Same, but Finca Monte Libano, July 4, 1950, 2 $. Chimarra schiza new species This species differs from others in the atcrrinia group by the combination of the short clasper and the deep and rounded lateral lobes of the tenth tergite. Male : Length 5.5 mm. Color a deep almost bluish black, the under parts and legs with a brownish cast. General structure as for aterriiua group. Genitalia as in fig. 5. Ninth segment markedly narrow dorsally. Clasper short, almost quadrate from lateral view, with a row of four setae on apical margin. Lateral lobes of tenth tergite deep and rounded at apex. Aedeagus with two subequal simple spines which are long, slender, and parallel. Holotype <$. Huajuapan, Oax., MEX., Nov. 8, 1944, at light. A. Dampf. Chimarra emima new species In the quadrate clasper this species resembles the preceding, but cmiuia differs from schiza in the dorso-mesal tooth of the clasper and the dorsal position of the two sensillae on the lateral lobes of the tenth tergite. Male : Length, color, and general structure similar to the preceding. Male genitalia as in fig. 7. Ninth segment narrowed dorsally. Clasper short and somewhat quadrate, with a row of long setae on the apical margin. Tenth tergite with lateral lobes fairly long and deep, nearly parallel-sided, slightly rounded at apex, and with the sensillae on a slight elevation near dorsal margin. Aedeagus with two heavily sclerotized simple rods, one very long and the other about half as long. Holotype ^.Madden Dam, C. Z., Jan. 20-23, 1946, Eliot C. Williams, Jr. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 FIGS. 1-8. Male genitalia of Chimarra. A, lateral aspect ; B, poste- rior or postero-ventral aspect of clasper ; C, dorsal aspect of clasj cr ; /). simple rods of aedeagus. 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Jill}', 1959 Chimarra calva new species From all but embia this species differs in the elongate and simple clasper; from cmbla it differs markedly in the elongate lobes of the tenth tergite. Male : Size, color, and general structure similar to the pre- ceding. Genitalia as in fig. 8. Ninth segment markedly nar- rowed dorsally. Clasper moderately large at base, tapering to apex, from posterior view narrow and sinuate. Tenth tergite with lateral lobes long and large, the lateral face traversed by a sinuate crease on which are situated the two sensillae. Aedea- gus with two simple rods, one of moderate length and the other only half as long. Holotype rf Tecpatan, Chis., MEX., Sept. 1, 1946, A. Dampf. Paratypcs. MEXICO : Chiltepec, Oax., Dec. 9, 1937, at light, A. Dampf, 2 J 1 ; Hacienda, Santa Engracia, Tamaulipas, Mar. 9, 1939, C. C. Plumber, 8J*; Santa Engracia, Tamaulipas, Apr. 16, 1936, at light, A. Dampf, 1 ^; same but Mar. 21, 1936, 2J 1 ; Tamazunchale, Mar. 29, 1951, at light, J. D. Lattin N. Walker, 21 J\ Chimarra curfmani new species This species is easily distinguished from other members of the aterrima group by the mesal thickenings on the clasper. Male : Size, color, and general structure similar to the preced- ing. Genitalia as in fig. 9. Ninth segment only moderately narrowed dorsally. Clasper fairly narrow and high, its posterior face also narrow and with a series of sclerotized thickenings on the mesal edge. Lateral lobes of tenth tergite short and deep, the apical area with a wide flange just above the ventral margin. Aedeagus with two simple rods which are long, stout, slightly curved, and subequal in length. Holotypc <$. Ocosingo Valley, Chis., MEX., Finca Monte Libano, July 4, 1950, at light, C. & M. Goodnight and L. J. Stannard. Para-types. MEXICO: same data as holotype, 1 J*; Rancho Monter, Oax., Dec. 16, 1937, at light, A. Dampf, 5 . Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 Chimarra setosa new species The short clasper is suggestive of both schiza and emima but from both of these setosa differs in the curious shape of the lat- eral lobes of the tenth tergite. Male : Size, color, and general structure as for the preceding. Male genitalia as in fig. 10. Ninth segment markedly narrowed dorsally. Clasper short and somewhat quadrate, its apical mar- gin with a row of long setae. Lateral lobes of tenth tergite incised at apex to form small lateral and apical lobes, the two sensillae situated on the former. Aedeagus with one very long and tapering simple rod, and another half as long, stouter, more heavily sclerotized, and with a minute right-angle hook at its tip. Holotyfe t;il 19 21 31 24 9 26 27 12 17 21 21 7 22 30 20 24 29 360 The two distinct sizes of cells indicated that reproductives were being produced. Most of the pupae in the large cells were in a non-pigmented stage. A small series of these preserved for study consisted of females only. Two pupae were matured enough so that the basal segment of the labial palp could be measured. These measurements were 3.5 and 3.9 mm. A similar measurement on the queen of the colony was 3.6 mm. As the basal segment of the palp in a long series of workers did not exceed 3.0 mm., it is concluded that the new queens were occupying the large cells, but that the nest was taken just prior to their emergence. The empty cells in the comb were grouped in clusters rang- ing from 11 to 49 cells, as follows: 11, 12, 12, 13, 14. 17, 19, 20, 21, 21, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 45, 49. Total = 585 cells. A substantial number of the above cells were filled with honey, many of which were capped with wax. A few cells contained pollen. The data obtained from a study of the nest are summari/cd as follows : 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | July, 1959 Queen 1 Empty worker cells 709 Adult workers 515 Eggs (in good condition) 308 Larvae 101 Worker pupae 117 Queen pupae 119 Total 1354 As the colony contained the queen, numerous workers, normal brood, and stores of nectar and pollen, it can be predicted that the population of this nest would have surpassed 1,500 individ- uals. The dry protected nesting site, and the ample rainfall in 1958, which had produced an abundance of flowering plants, especially sweet clover, were undoubtedly responsible in a large part for the development of this potentially large colony. B. huntii is reported to be a common species in the transition zone of western North America. Ruidoso, New Mexico (ele- vation 7,500 ft.) probably represents a southern limit to the distribution of the species. This record of a large nest, how- ever, indicates that the higher elevations in southern New Mexico can provide a suitable environment for the species. Records of Diptera from Guadalupe Island, Mexico By PAUL H. ARNAUD, JR./ California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California Guadalupe Island, Mexico, is located 180 miles southwest of San Diego, California. Hanna and Anthony (1923: 71-83), ~ who provide an interesting illustrated account of their visit, describe the island as rising "precipitously from abysmal depths, a volcano some 12,000 feet high but with only 4,500 feet above the sea." It is approximately 20 miles long and 6 miles wide. Much of the native fauna and flora has been or is in the process of being exterminated as a result of the introduction of goats, 1 The author would like to express his thanks to Mr. Sefton and Mr. Harbison for collecting these specimens. He is also indebted to Dr. D. Elmo Hardy, Dr. H. C. Huckett, and Mr. C. W. Sabrosky for their authoritative determinations. 2 A cruise among desert islands. The National Geographic Magazine 44(1) : 70-99, 31 figures, 1 map, 1923. Lxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 house cats, and house mice. Even though the recording of the following four species of Diptera is probably very incomplete for the existing fauna, they are recorded as an introduction to our knowledge of the Dipterous fauna of this island. I know of no recorded Diptera from Guadalupe in our entomological literature. The species here recorded are all known to occur in California, with the exception of Enryotnma peregrinum. The specimens reported upon were collected through the interest of Mr. I. W. Sefton, Jr., 3 President, San Diego Trust & Savings Bank, and Mr. C. F. Harbison, 4 Curator of Entomology, San Diego Society of Natural History. Family Bibionidae Bibiodes halteralis Coquillett (det. D. Elmo Hardy) Bibiodcs halteralis Coquillett, 1904, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 6(3) : 171. Bibiodcs halteralis Hardy, 1945, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30(2) : 496, figs. 207 a-b. 1 d\ 1 $, Pine Ridge, 14-XII-1957 (C. F. Harbison) [De- posited in the collections of the San Diego Society of Natural History and Dr. D. Elmo Hardy, University of Hawaii.] Dr. Hardy considers these two specimens to be aberrant specimens of halteralis. According to Coquillett (1904) the 3 Mr. Sefton left San Diego aboard the Scripps Research ship Orca (formerly owned by the Sefton Foundation), October 24, 1957, arrived at Guadalupe on October 25, left October 30, and returned to San Diego October 31. In addition to the Diptera here recorded, Mr. Sefton col- lected 110 specimens of Coleoptera and a lesser number of specimens of miscellaneous orders. These specimens have been deposited in the collec- tions of the California Academy of Sciences and the San Diego Society of Natural History. 4 Mr. Harbison left San Diego aboard the Scripps Research ship Stranger December 12, 1957, arrived at Guadalupe on December 13, left December 19, and returned to San Diego December 20. In addition to the Diptera here recorded, Mr. Harbison collected a total of 325 Insecta (134 Coleoptera, 119 Lepidoptera, 48 Hymenoptera, 10 Orthoptera, 8 Thysanura, and 6 Hemiptera) and 26 Arthropoda other than Insecta. These specimens are all deposited in the collections of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IJuty* 1959 type series of this species consisted of nine males and one female collected in San Mateo and Los Angeles counties of California. Hardy (1945) lists the type locality as San Mateo County and records this species from additional localities in Saskatchewan, New Mexico and Arizona. Family Calliphoridae Phormia regina (Meigen) (det. C. W. Sabrosky) Miisca regina Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr. 5 : 58. Phormia regina Hall, 1948, The Blowflies of N. A., pp. 161- 168, figs. 25^, 22?$, Northeast Anchorage, 25-X-1957 (J. W. Sefton, Jr.); 1 J 1 , same data except dated 26-X-1957; 1 $, Northeast Anchorage, 13-XII-1957 (C. F. Harbison;; 1 $, Weather Station, 18-XII-1957 (C. F. Harbison) [Deposited in the collections of the United States National Museum, San Diego Society of Natural History, California Department of Agriculture, and the author.] This is a holarctic species recorded by Hall (1948) as occur- ring as far south as Mexico City, Mexico and also from Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands. Family Muscidae Euryomma peregrinum (Meigen) (det. H. C. Huckett) AntJwmyla pcrcgrina Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr. 5: 187. Euryomma peregrinum Seguy, 1937, Genera Insectorum, 205 me Fasc. : 180. 2 $$, collected in Captain's cabin on Orca, 26-X-1957 ( J. W. Sefton, Jr.) [Deposited in collections of San Diego Society of Natural History and the author.] In a communication dated January 27, 1958, Dr. Huckett states, "Distribution : Cosmopolitan. I have specimens from Chicago and Urbana, Illinois. Recorded from Europe, Hawaii." It has not been recorded as occurring in California. It is probable that these specimens originated from the island and reached the ship while at anchorage. However, it should be Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 noted that the specimens were collected on the third clay out of San Diego. This species was originally described by Meigen on the basis of a female specimen collected in the saloon of an American ship at Hamburg. Pegomya cognata Stein (det. H. C. Huckett) Pcgomyia cognata Stein, 1920, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 84 (A) (9):" 67. Pegomyia cognata Huckett, 1941, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., No. 10: 73, figs. 21, 82, and 89. 1^, 1?, Weather Station, 18-XII-1957 (C. F. Harbison) [Deposited in the collections of the San Diego Society of Nat- ural History and the author.] Huckett (1941) records only eight known specimens of this species, from tw r o different California localities 5 males from Samoa Beach and dunes, Humboldt County and 3 male cotypes from Stanford University. The original orthography of the generic name is used here. Nomenclatorial Considerations Relative to the Genus Myodocha Latreille, 1807 (Hemiptera) By JAMES A. SLATER/ HARRY G. BARBER,-" and REECE I. SAILER 3 The correct use of the generic name Myodocha Latreille has been the subject of controversy for many years, even though it is well established as the name of a genus of Lygaeidae. There has been good reason to question the current use of the name. In fact it is evident that strict compliance with the International Rules would require that Myodocha be applied to a large genus of economically important rice bugs in the family Coreidae. This genus was long known as Leptocorisa Latreille. 1829, and more 1 University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut. - Collaborator, Entomology Research Division, A.R.S., U.S.D.A. 3 Entomology Research Division, A.R.S., U.S.D.A. 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | July, 1959 recently as Leptocorixa Berthold, 1827. In order to avoid the confusion that would result if Myodocha were to be applied to the rice bugs, we propose to ask the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve Myodocha in the sense that it is currently used for a genus of Lygaeidae. This paper is published in order to make the relevant facts generally known pending publication of the Commission's decision. The per- tinent nomenclatorial data are as follows : 1. Latreille (1807, p. 126) founded Myodocha to include three species, Cime.v tipuloides De Geer, Cime.v trispinosa De G., and Cime.v fulvipes De G. 2. The generic diagnosis does not agree well with any of these species and most subsequent authors have agreed that the manuscript was probably mixed. This seems likely, since Latreille himself in 1810 (pp. 255, 433) named a lygaeid, MyodocJia scrripcs, as type species. It is, of course, an invalid fixation as scrripes was not an originally included species and, in fact, had not yet been described. 3. Olivier (1811, p. 106), apparently intending to follow Latreille, described the genus Myodochus and included the description of a single species, serripes, which thus became the monobasic type species of Myodochus Oliv. (not Myodocha Latr. ). 4. Leach (1815, p. 122) designated Cime.v tipuloides De G. as type species of Myodocha Latreille. This is the first valid type fixation under the Rules. ' 5. Say (1832, p. 19), Laporte (1832, p. 33), Spinola (1840, p. 103), Herrich-Schaeffer (1853, p. 213), and Stal (1874, p. 147) used Myodocha Latreille for the lygaeid genus to which scrripcs Olivier belongs. 6. Stal (1872, p. 50) replaced the subfamily name Rhyparo- chromida Stal (1862, p. 210) with Myodochina based on Myodocha Latreille. Myodochina continued in general use until Van Duzee (1916, p. 21) restored Rhyparochrominae on the grounds that it was based on the oldest group name used in the subfamily. 7. Kirkaldy (1902, p. 306), an advocate of strict application Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 of the rules of nomenclature, discovered that Leach (1815, p. 122) had designated tipuloides De G. as the type species of Myodocha. He then made Leptocorisa Latreille, 1829, a syno- nym of Myodocha Latreille, 1807, and referred serripes Olivier to Chiroleptes Kirby, 1873. A further consequence of this action relative to Myodocha was to add to the instability of the name used for the entire family to which serripes Olivier be- longs. Kirkaldy in 1899 (p. 220) in common with Renter (1888, p. 294) erroneously believed that Fabricius had fixed the type (see China 1943, p. 218) of Lygaeus as valyns L., 1758. This placed Lygaeus in the family Coreidae and, for reasons not clear to the present authors, he treated Coreidae Leach, 1815 [Coreides], as a synonym of Lygaeidae Schilling, 1829 [Lygaeides]. With Myodocha no longer available for the lygaeids, he named the family Geocoridae based on Geocoris Fallen, 1814. Subsequent authors did not follow Kirkaldy, and his attempt to replace Coreidae with Lygaeidae and to use Geo- coridae for the lygaeids had no effect other than to promote confusion in the family and subfamily names of the coreids and lygaeids. 8. Van Duzee (1914, pp. 378-379), Horvath (1911, pp. 12- 13), Stichel (1925, pp. 394-398), and Bergroth (1912, pp. 162- 164), all rejected tipuloides as the type species of Myodocha and accepted the genus in the sense represented by Myodochus ser- ripes Olivier. These authors were aware of Kirkaldy's action but either rejected Leach's type designation (Van Duzee) or openly accepted usage as a guide (Bergroth). 9. Under the Rules it is clear that Myodocha Latreille, 1807, must take tipuloides as type species. The name thus has pri- ority over the long accepted coreid name, Leptocorisa Latreille, 1829 (now Leptocorixa Berthold, 1827, see Hussey, 1950, p. 152). 10. Also, under the above interpretation, the lygaeid genus must take the name Myodochus Olivier, 1811, with serripes Olivier as the type species. From this evidence it is clear that Myodocha should be applied to the coreid genus. While such a change would seem to be 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS U u ly> 1959 contrary to the intent of the original describer, loss of the name in Lygaeidae would not be a serious matter, since it would be replaced by Myodochus. However, the use of Myodocha in the Coreidae would disturb usage that has been established for over a hundred years and is of special concern since the insects are of considerable economic importance. Therefore, in accord- ance with the restated objectives of the use of the plenary powers (Hemming, 1953, p. 23), we propose to request the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to con- sider this case. If the Commission agrees that action to con- serve Myodocha Latreille in its current sense as the name for the genus of Lygaeidae is in accord with these objectives, the following actions should then be taken : 1. Reject Leach's (1815) designation of Cimex tipuloides De Geer as type species of Myodocha Latreille, 1807. 2. Designate Myodochus serripes Olivier, 1811, as type spe- cies of Myodocha Latreille, 1807. 3. Place the generic name Myodocha Latreille, 1807, with the type species mentioned under 2 above on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. If approved by the Commission, these actions would allow Myodocha Latreille, 1807, to be retained for the genus of West- ern Hemisphere Lygaeidae represented by the species serripes Olivier to which the name has been generally applied for over 100 years; Myodochus Olivier, 1811, would become an objective junior synonym of Myodocha Latreille, 1807; and, most impor- tant of all, Myodocha Latreille, 1807, would not preoccupy the Leptocori.va Berthokl, 1827, which could then be retained for the rice bugs. Such action would retain current nomenclatorial usage and avoid the unfortunate confusion certain to result if the name of a well known genus in one family were to be applied to a well known genus in a different family. Pending the Commis- sion's decision on this question, the authors propose to con- tinue using the name Myodocha in its currently accepted sense and urge other authors who have occasion to use the name to do likewise. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 REFERENCES CITED BERGROTH, E. 1912. Wiener Ent. Zeit. 31 : 162-164. CHINA, W. E. 1943. The Generic Names of British Insects. Part 8. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. pp. 211-242. Royal Entomological Soc. London. London. HEMMING, F. [edited by]. 1953. Copenhagen Decisions on Zoological Nomenclature. 135 pp. International Trust for Zoological Nomen- clature. London. HERRICH-SCHAEFFER. 1853. Die Wanzenartigen Insecten. Bd. 9, 210 pp. Nurnberg. HORVATH, G. 1911. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici. 9: 1-34. HUSSEY, R. F. 1950. Florida Ent. 13: 150-154. KIRKALDY, G. W. 1899. Entomologist 32: 217-221. -. 1902. Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 294-309. LAPORTE, F. L. DE. 1832. In Guerin, Magasine Zoolique, Nos. 52-55, suppl., 88 pp. LATREILLE, P. A. 1807. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum Ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque pluri- mis explicata. Vol. 3, pp. 1-258. Paris. . 1810. Table des genres avec 1'indication de 1'espece qui leur sert de type. Considerations generales sur 1'order naturel des animaux. 144 pp. Paris. . 1829. Les Crustaces ; les Arachnides et les Insects distribues en families naturelles, ouvrage formant les tomes 4 et 5 de M. Le Baron Cuvier sur le regne animal (deuxieme edition). Vol. 2, xxiv + 556 pp. LEACH, W. E. 1815. Hemip_tera, in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclo- paedia. Vol. 9, 766 pages. OLIVIER, A. G. 1811. Encyclopedic methodique, dictionnaire des insects. Vol. 8, 722 pages. Paris. REUTER, O. M. 1888. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. XV: I, 241-315; II, 443-812. SAY, T. 1831-32. Descriptions of new species of Heteropterous Hemip- tera of North America. 39 pp. New Harmony, Ind. (pages 1-8 issued in 1831). SPINOLA, M. 1837. Essai sur le Insectes Hemipteres, Rhyngotes, ou Heteropteres. 383 pp. Paris. STAL, C. 1862. Ofv. Svenska Vet. Ak. Forh. 19: 203-225. -. 1872. Ofv. Svenska Vet. Ak. Forh. 29: 37-62. -. 1874. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl. 12(1) : 98-170. STICHEL, W. 1925. Konowia 4 : 392-398. VAN DUZEE, E. P. 1914. Can. Ent. 46: 377-389. . 1916. Check List of the Hemiptera (excepting the Aphidae, Aleurodidae and Coccidae) of America, North of Mexico, xi + 111 pp. New York Entomological Society. 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [l"b'> 1959 Cratichneumon w-album Cresson and variegatus Provancher By GERD H. HEINRICH, Dryden, Maine About five different male species of the genus Cratichneumon Thomson, all occurring in the Eastern Canadian Zone (and ad- jacent regions), agree in the general color pattern of the body as given by Cresson in the original description of his species Ischnus w-album (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 3: 191, 1864). As far as color is concerned in this group of species only the pat- tern of the legs, especially of the tibiae III, has to a certain degree, specific distinction. According to Cresson's original description this is the color of the tibiae of w-album <$: ". . .a band on the posterior tibiae near their base, also whitish ; ex- treme base of the posterior tibiae as well as their apical half exteriorly, blackish." In 1877 (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. VI: 179, 180) Cresson redescribed the species. This time he refers to the color of legs of the male only as "legs fulvous." The type (number 1253) in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at present considered as repre- senting the species Ischnus zv-album Cresson has uniform ful- vous tibiae III without any whitish or dark mark. It therefore matches Cresson's redescription of the species of 1877 but not at all its original description. The type, and all paratypes of Ischnus w-olbuui in the Cresson collection, represent a species which is by five different morpho- logical characters extraordinarily well and unmistakably de- fined. This species has invariably uniform fulvous tibiae III without whitish or dark marks. It is therefore with certainty different from the species originally described as Ischnus iv- albitm by Cresson, the type of which has to be considered as lost. The type of Ischnns variegatus Prov. J 1 is, as stated by Townes and confirmed by my recent type studies, identical with Cresson's type (number 1253) as mentioned above and there- fore specifically different from Ischnus w-album Cresson. Tin- name Cratichneumon variegatus Prov. has to be resurrected from synonymy. A comprehensive treatment of the genus is planned. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 Types of Tingidae Described by Torre-Bueno (Hemiptera) 1 By GEORGE W. BYERS In 1948, the Snow Entomological Museum of the University of Kansas acquired two outstanding collections of Hemiptera, those of J. R. de la Torre-Bueno and G. W. Kirkaldy. To- gether with the collections were purchased the extensive libra- ries of reprints and separate papers accumulated by these two hemipterists. Interpolation of the Torre-Bueno and Kirkaldy specimens into the Snow Museum collection has only recently been completed. It was found at the time of purchase that the Torre-Bueno collection had been extensively damaged by water (as a result of flooding of a basement in which the collection had been stored) and by dermestids. The following notes per- tain to the type series of two species of Tingidae found in this collection, which are, as far as I am aware, the only North American species of this family described by Torre-Bueno. Acalypta lillianis Bueno 1916. A new tingid from New York state. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 11 (2): 39-40. A box that had contained about eighty pinned tingids, includ- ing a part of the type series of this species, was found to have all the specimens detached from the paper points to which they had been glued ; the insects lay scattered in the bottom of the box. By reference to the original description and comparison with specimens kindly loaned from the United States National Museum by Dr. Peter D. Ashlock, I isolated from the debris six specimens that matched Acalypta lillianis. Fortunately there were also only six labelled pins lacking specimens of this species. Of the salvaged six, two were macropterous females and the 1 Contribution No. 1044 from the Department of Entomology, Univer- sity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1959 others brachypterous males. In the description, Torre-Bueno stated the length and width of both the female and male syn- types, and only one of each sex of the available specimens fit these measurements. Accordingly, the identity of the two "types" was established. As the only paratype recorded from Marquette, Michigan, was a female, the replacement of the second female on the one pin so labelled was a simple matter. All male paratypes were collected at the type locality, White Plains, New York, between 18 and 28 May. It was thus not possible to restore the three remaining males to their correct pins with certainty. However, I have arbitrarily replaced them, on the basis that this is better than discarding them, and it seems unlikely that there could be any serious confusion arising from this action. Acalypta lillianis was described from eight macropterous fe- males and nine brachypterous males. According to the paper cited, paratypes were sent to the U. S. National Museum, H. M. Parshley and Otto Heidemann. However, neither of the sup- posed male paratypes loaned to me by the U. S. N. M. is actually a paratype, if one may judge from the data on the labels com- pared to that presented in the original description. It should also be noted that the female "type" bears a label reading "White Plains, N. Y., 21-V-ll," while the description says this type was taken on 25 May, a paratype female having been taken on 21 May. There is no indication that the labels have ever been removed and repinned, so it appears that Torre-Bueno merely made a small mistake in pinning or in transcribing data. Dr. Carl ]". Drake, who is preparing a world catalogue of the Tingidae, has asked me to designate a single type from this series. Accordingly, following the precedent of Torre-Bueno himself in the case of Corythaica bellula (see below), I designate as lectotype the macropterous female syntype bearing the label data stated above. The brachypterous male syntype is designated lectomorphotype. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 Corythaica bellula Bueno 1917. A new species of tingid from New York. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 12 (1) : 19-20. This species was described on the basis of seven macropterous females, six brachypterous females and seven brachypterous males, all collected near White Plains, New York. Twelve of these specimens, including the macropterous female holotype, brachypterous male morphotype, and three macropterous fe- males, three brachyterous females and four brachypterous males, all paratypes, are in the Snow Museum collection. Dr. Drake informs me that one macropterous and one brachypterous para- type are in his collection. The present location of the other six paratypes is unknown to me. Torre-Bueno states that there were about 150 individuals collected on the same day as the type (26 June 1910) and that the species had been collected "in April, May, June, July, August and September." However, all the type series are June and September specimens. Apparently half a dozen of each of the three forms were arbitrarily selected as paratypes from a large number of specimens available. Fifteen specimens not labelled as paratypes but apparently a part of this large series are in the Snow Museum collection. Of these, only one is a macropterous form, all are from White Plains, New York, and all the indicated months except August are repre- sented. 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, 1959 Review THE ODONATA OF CANADA AND ALASKA by Edmund M. Walker, Professor Emeritus of Zoology University of Toronto, Honorary Curator of Zoology, Royal Ontario Museum. Vol- ume Two, Part III. The Anisoptera Four Families (Aesh- niclae, Petaluridae, Gomphidae, Cordulegastridae). University of Toronto Press: 1958. Pp. i-xi, 1-318, Pis. 1-164 inter- spersed in the text, the figures on each plate numbered separately. A Foreword by Dr. F. A. Urquhart describes how the in- creasing amount of material at Dr. Walker's disposal resulted in a widening of the method of publication. The NEWS for April, 1954, contains a review of Volume I, Parts I-II of this work issued in 1953. That review states that the account there given of the general structure of the Odo- nata in Part I "is evidently designed to serve as an introduc- tion both to this volume and to a later one on the Anisoptera." The present part, dated 1958, is that later one on the Anisoptera. The general characteristics of the Anisoptera are described for the adults (pp. 3-9) and the larvae (pp. 9-11). Super- families are recognized for the Anisoptera : Aeshnoidea, Cordule- gastroidea and Libelluloidea, all of Tillyard (pp. 11-12). Three families (Aeshnidae, Petaluridae and Gomphidae) are listed for the Aeshnoidea, one (Cordulegastridae) for the Cordulegas- troidea, and three (Alacromidae, Corduliidae and Libellulidae) for the Libelluloidea (pp. 11-12). Keys to the Anisopteran fam- ilies occupy pp. 12-14 (adults pp. 12-13) and nymphs (p. 14). Thence follow the systematic descriptions and keys to the taxo- nomic divisions of the Aeshnidae (pp. 14-131), of the Petaluri- dae (pp. 131-135). of the Gomphidae (pp. 135-289), and of the Cordulegastridae (pp. 289-307). A bibliography occupies pp. 309-313, and an Index pp. 315-318. A comprehensive review of the geographical distribution of the Canadian and Alaskan Anisoptera is not given as it was for the Zygoptera in Part I. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 The total numbers of species and subspecies treated in this book are Aeshnidae 29, Petaluridae 1, Gomphidae 40, Cordule- gastridae 4. As in Volume I there is here given for each species and sub- species, as far as data are available : the most conspicuous char- acteristics (diagnosis), the description of male and of female, the variation, habitat and range, distribution in Canada, and field notes. The field notes deal with habits, time and place of emer- gence of adults, habits of flight and of rest. The figures of the adults include the interocular area on the top of the head, the male appendages, the vulvar laminae, the male genitalia of the second abdominal segment, the thoracic color pattern, the color pattern of abdominal segments 6-10, dorsal views of entire nymphs and lateral views of the abdomen of some, dorsal views of abdominal segments 6-10, the left labial palp and ligula of nymphs a wealth of illustration. Plate 59 illustrates these last-named organs of 18 species ; so slight are the specific differences here that we have raised the question, both with Prof. Walker and ourselves, as to whether they are truly specific or may not be in some cases intraspecific variations. We are not aware that such differences have been investigated ; until they are their status must remain doubtful. The similarity in shape between these figures on Prof. Walker's Plate 59 and figures of the same organs in nymphs of neotropical Gomphines shown by Prof. Xeedham in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. LXV, PI. XX, figs. 1, 3, 5, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25 ; PI. XXI figs. 27, 31, 33 ; Vol. LIX, PI. XIV, figs. 2b, 5b, 7b, shows how wide the possibilities of variation may be. As stated in the review of Part I, this work will be of great use to entomologists in the United States. It will be of use also to those of northern Eurasia, while its mode of presenta- tion should be an inspiration to biologists everywhere. PHILIP P. CALVERT. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Bembicini and Stizini (Hym., Sphec.) of New World wanted for revis. study. Will return upon request or at end of project. James E. Gillaspy, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. Texas, Austin 12, Texas. Agapema galbina. Will exchange cocoons of this moth for nature books. E. Frizzell, Route 4, Box 96, San Benito, Texas. Tenebrionidae of the World wanted, in exchange for insects of Argen- tina and neighboring countries. Horacio J. Molinari, Av. Lib. Gral. San Martin 55, Acassuso (Buenos Aires), Rep. Argentina. Butterflies. Wish to exchange specimens for Japanese species. Please write to Ichiro Nakamura (Boy, age 16), 26 Aza-Nichiyama Obayashi Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. Phasmidae of nearctic area desired alive. Purchase or trade, drawing on large stock of major orders, worldwide. Domminck J. 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KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3, PENNSYLVANIA Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Ne or embus, Isorembus), Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus) and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, Baudia) are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS OCTOBER 1959 Vol. LXX No. 8 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS Gloyd Elevation of the Macromia group to family status 197 Heinrich Revisional notes on types of Ichneumoninae 205 Wray Some North American Collembola records 217 i Clarke Recent Smithsonian entomological accessions 220 Coppel A sex anomaly of the introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis 223 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $5.00 domestic; $5.30 foreign; $5.15 Canad* Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, ?. 9.9. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. 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They must obtain all their separates (as reprints, with extraneous matter removed) from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their order for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. 13-16 pp. 17-20 pp. Coven 50 $3.95 $6.33 $ 9.89 $10.28 $13.44 $4.31 100 4.74 7.51 11.86 12.65 16.21 5.89 Add'l 100 1.58 2.36 3.94 4.74 5.54 3.16 Plates printed one side: First 50, $3.15; Additional 100's, $2.37. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXX OCTOBER, 1959 No. 8 Elevation of the Macromia Group to Family Status (Odonata) By LEONORA K. GLOYD, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana In regard to its assigned suprageneric placement and rank, the Macromia group, represented in North America by the genera Macromia and Didymops, has the history of a misfit. Its com- position and the characteristics used to define it have been varied. In rewriting the key to odonate nymphs for the new edition of Ward and Whipple's Fresh Water Biology, I had to consider the status and nomenclature of the taxon. My study is not a complete one. but the evidence found seems to indicate that the Macromia group should be raised to the rank of a family under the name of Macromiidae. HISTORICAL SKETCH The name Macromia was first used as the basis for a taxon above the level of genus by Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps in his Synopsis des Cordulines of 1871. Previously, however, in a "communication verbale" given at the November 5, 1870 meeting of the Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Selys re- ported on the progress of the manuscript for this great work and referred to the same suprageneric taxon as "Legion Epophthal- mia." With the receipt and study of additional material in the interval between this meeting and that of the Academic royale des sciences de Belgique on May 9, 1871, at which time his manuscript was submitted for publication, he found it necessary to make a complete revision of his preliminary classification. In the finished work, "Legion Macromia" was used instead of (197) INSTITUTION 1 OCT 5 195* 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 "Legion Epophthalmia." It included the genera Jdiony.v Selys, Aeschnosoma Selys, Synthcmis Selys, and Macrouiia Rambur with Epophthalmia Burmeister as a subgenus. In the Sccondes Additions au Synopsis (Selys, 1878), Idionyx was demoted to subgeneric position under Macromia, and Didymops Rambur and Phyllomacromia Selys were added as subgenera of Macromia. Selys' classification of the Cordulines has been universally followed. Kirby (1890) recognized the subgenera as genera but did not make use of his categories between subfamily and genus. In 1901, the Macromia group was given subfamily status by Needham (Needham and Betten, p. 479) who referred to it as "newly set apart" and gave it coordinate rank with Libellu- linae' and Corduliinae under the family Libellulidae. Subse- quent changes may be briefly outlined as follows : 1901 Synthemiinae : Needham and Hart, p. 5 (Libellulidae) 1904 Macromiinae : Needham, p. 698, footnote a, Synthe- miinae, 1901, an error 1906 Groupe des Macromia: Martin, p. 37 (Cordulines) 1908 Group V: Williamson (Sept.) p. 429 (Cordulinae) 1908 Macromiinae: Needham (Dec.), p. 276 (Libellulidae) 1910 Tribus Macromiini : Muttkowski, p. 118 (Corduliinae) 1910 Group Macromina : Tillyard, p. 329 ; Macromiinae: idem, p. 327, fig. 3 (Libellulidae) 1917 Tribe Macromiini : Tillyard, p. 226 (Corduliinae ) 1929 Macromiinae: Needham and Heywood, p. 163 (Libel- lulidae) 1940 Epophthalmiinae : Tillyard and Eraser, p. 389 ( Cordu- liidae) 1955 Macrominae: Needham and Westfall, p. 326 (Libellu- lidae) 1957 Epophthalmiinae: Eraser, p. Ill (Corduliidae) In all of this shifting the taxon was given coordinate rank with the highest Cordulia group by Needham only. Tillyard and Eraser (1940) and Eraser (1957) were in accord with Need- ham as to subfamily rank but placed it as a subdivision of the elevated Corduliidae (St. Quentin, 1939, p. 359). The composition of the Macromia group since 1878 (Selys) has undergone some fluctuation. Martin (1906) added three genera Idomacromia Karsch, Libcllulosoma Martin, and Ma- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 cromidia Martin. Williamson (1908) added Asuma Needham (= Ep ophthalmia], but excluded Aeschnosoma and Idionyx as well as Martin's three additions. Needham (1908) added Macromedia to Williamson's list and left out Didymops. Till- yard (1917) placed Synthemis in a separate tribe but otherwise his Macromiini was identical with Williamson's Group V. Tillvard and Fraser (1940) excluded the synonym Asuma and again added Macromidia. Fraser (1957) eliminated Ph\llo- macromia because of synonymy with Macromia. Thus the taxon in 1957 was composed of Didymops, Epophthalmia, Macromia, and Macromidia essentially the same as Selys' "Genre Ma- cromia" of 1878 but with Idionyx replaced by Macromidia. In their reclassification of the Odonata, Tillyard and Fraser (1940, p. 389) described the "Subfamily EPOPHTHALMII- NAE nov. subfam." (family Corduliidae). They gave no ex- planation for discarding the name Macromiinae, nor did Fraser in his revision of this reclassification (1957, p. 111). THE FAMILY-GROUP NAME Both Epophthalmia Burmeister 1839 and Macromia Rambur 1842 were included in Selys' suprageneric "Legion Macromia." The prior description of Epophthalmia does not invalidate the selection of Macromia as the basis of a Family-Group name. The only other matter of concern then is the use of "Legion Epophthalmia" in Selys' verbal report on the Synopsis dcs Cordulines given at the November 5, 1870 meeting of the Societe Entomologique de Belgique. This report (at least in part) and the "extraite d'un tableau synoptique" was recorded in the Comptes-Rendus des Seances, which according to the Zoological Record for 1870 (vol. 7, p. 444) were distributed monthly to members of the society. These were printed, and each one was separately paged. They were later reprinted in the Annales, repaged, and sometimes obviously reorganized and revised. The Annales for 1870-1871 (vol. 14) containing the Comptes-Rendus with the account of Selys' report was pub- lished some time after November 4, 1871 as this is the last date of an included paper. The abstract of this preliminary report 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 and the anticipated classification was also printed in Zoological Record (vol. 7, p. 449) after October 20, 1871, as indicated by the date of the preface. It is likely that the Synopsis ap- peared before either the Annales for 1870-1871 or volume 7 of the Zoological Record. Technically, Selys cannot be con- sidered the author of any of these three accounts. Even if it were otherwise, for the sake of stability the taxon-name used in Selys' finished Synopsis should be given preference over the temporary one reported informally, i.e. without a title, in the minutes of a meeting. Tillyard and Fraser (1940) said noth- ing about priority or restoration of an old name when they pro- posed Epophthalmiinae. Because some authors never changed to Epophthalmiinae, it is correct to say that Macromia,, as the basis of a Family-Group name, has been used in the literature for a total, to date, of 89 years. The suprageneric taxa based on the name Macromia should be credited to Selys ; Macromia is the type genus by indication (Selys, 1871, p. 12, 82). Epophthalmiinae, as long as it includes the genus Macromia, is to lie regarded as a synonym of Macromiinae. MACROMIIDAE, new status Diagnosis. Adult : Occiput well rounded and without a pro- nounced carina or sharp angle at posterior margin. Hind wing with triangle well separated from arculus, usually by a distance as great or greater than length of upper (costal) side of tri- angle in front wing; median cell (basilar space) without cross- veins ; at least one cubito-anal crossvein between level of arculus and proximal side of triangle (fig. 1) ; upper proximal angle of triangle acute (60 to 80) ; tornus angulated in male; anal loop not bisected by a mid-rib. Tarsal claws with the inferior tooth (or hook) about as stout and long as tip of claw, giving the claw the appearance of being bifid (figs. 3 and 4) ; tibial keels present in males. Abdomen with no lateral or lateroventral carinae on any of the segments ; segment 2 of the male with anterior ha- mules or hamular processes small but distinct (Schmidt, 1915) ; in the female, vulvar lamina sometimes long but without saw- teeth, lateral processes or valves vestigial or absent. Nymphs : Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 FIG. 1. Section of hind wing of Macrniitia tacniolata Rambur. FIG. 2. The same of Libellula quadrimaculata Linn. FIG. 3. Tarsal claws of right hind leg of Macromia illinoicnsis \\'alsh. FIG. 4. The same of Didymops transvcrsa (Say). Antennae 7-segmentecl ; top of head with a nipple-like projec- tion or low rounded tubercle near each posterolateral angle, the two projections approximately as widely separated as the lateral elevated margins of the dorsal shield of the prothorax. Labiuni spoon shaped or semiflattened ; ligula entire (concave medianally in mature nymphs of Epophthalmia but not cleft). Proventriculus with four plates, the dorsal and ventral pairs dissimilar ; ventral plates each with two large spines near margin of mesal ridge, one subapical, the other anterior to it, both directed downward and slightly inward from margin of ridge, and with a series of small teeth or sclerotized scallops on edge of ridge below the large subapical tooth (Ferguson-Beatty, 1958, p. 368, figs. 3 and 4). Mandibles each with two molars in the position of the molar crest (Watson, 1956, p. 1S9-190). 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 4 Macromiidae is similar to Libellulidae (including the Cordu- liinae, or Corduliidae of some authors) in having the ligula of the labiimi with the distal margin entire in both nymph and adult, the triangles in front and hind wings dissimilar, and, in the nymph, the dorsal pair of proventricular plates unlike the ventral pair. It differs from the Libellulidae most notably in the position of the triangle of the hind wing, the presence of distinct anterior hamules in the male, the absence of latero- ventral carinae on the abdomen (as in Gomphidae, Cordule- gastridae, and Petaluridae), and, in the nymph, by the presence of posterolateral tubercles on the head, only two molars on the right mandible, and a unique armature of the ventral pair of proventricular plates. In venation, Macromiidae is most simi- lar to Synthemidae but differs in having no crossveins in the median cell (basilar space). This diagnosis is based primarily on Macromia, Didymops, and Ep ophthalmia. The venational characteristics, at least, seem to apply to Macromidia, also. Characteristics have not been fully checked for species in all these genera and undoubt- edly the diagnosis and the composition of Macromiidae may require revision with further study. If the formation of the anal loop in Macromia is like that described for Synthemis nymphs (Tillyard, 1914, p. 172-175), both genera should prob- ably be included in the same family and diagnostic venational characteristics revised. Statements concerning mandibles and the proventriculus are based on Nearctic species of Didymops and Macromia. Dr. E. M. Walker has suggested (in lit., Feb. 20, 1956) that perhaps other groups should be taken out of the old subfamily Corduliinae or family Corduliidae as well as the Macromia group. It is also possible that some groups need to be put back together again. Certainly Nearctic Corduliinae and Libellulinae are so closely related that they belong in one family, the Libellu- lidae. Both usually have the anal loop bisected by a mid-rib, proximal side of triangle even with the arculus (fig. 2) or either slightly distal or proximal to it, longitudinal lateroventral cari- nae on two or more of abdominal segments 2 to 9 ; anterior Ixxj ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 hamules of the male vestigial or absent ; and nymphs for which no character is known that will separate them above the generic level. The nymphs of these two groups are unique in having "lost the dentition on one of the ridges of the dorsal plates and on both ridges of the ventral plates (Fig. 5)" (Ferguson-Beatty, 1958, p. 369) of the proventriculus. Also in the nymphs of both groups there are three or four relatively small, single molars in the position of the molar crest on the right mandible and some- times on the left as well (Watson, 1956, p. 170-190, 199-202). Several authors have expressed the need for more compara- tive studies of various organs, structures, or systems to test the classification based primarily on wing venation. Because the proventricular plates in the nymphs of Synthcmis Selys (Till- yard, 1910, p. 326, fig. 2) and Presba Barnard (Barnard, 1937, p. 236, fig. 24) appear to be so very similar, and such that those of Macromia (Ferguson-Beatty, 1958, p. 368, figs. 3 and 4) could easily be derived from them, the value of the venational characteristics used by Fraser (1957, p. 106, 109) to place them in two separate families is questionable. For major groupings, we need to know more about parts of the body which could have started to specialize before the elaborate development of the wing venation, as well as more about their ontogeny. For ex- ample, in the mature nymph of Ep ophthalmia, the palpal lobes are so bizarre that it is difficult to believe any close relationship exists with the genus Macromia. Yet, in the figure of an early instar of Epophthalmia (Lieftinck, 1931, p. 78, fig. 27) the lobes are very like those of Macromia. Dr. Calvert (1893, p. 212-213) in his discussion of relationships within the Order Odonata mentioned the distinctness of meso- and meta-thoracic ganglia in some groups and their union in others ; he also took into consideration the presence or absence of lateral longitudinal carinae on the abdomen. These items are lacking in recent literature on classification. I am deeply grateful to Dr. E. M. \Yalker for many helpful suggestions and advice and encouragement ; to Dr. Alice Fer- guson Beatty for the privilege of studying her unpublished doc- torate thesis on the nymphal proventriculus ; and to Dr. B. K. 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 Montgomery for his kindness in supplying information from papers not available to me here. A number of papers not specifically cited were consulted in obtaining data for this paper, principally those of Barnard, Cal- vert, Fraser, Lieftinck, Needham, Pinhey, Ris, Tillyard, and Williamson. Those of Dr. Lieftinck with their many illustra- tions were especially useful. LITERATURE CITED BARNARD, K. H. 1937. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 32 (pt. 3) : 169-260. CALVERT, P. P. 1893. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 20: 152a-d, 153-272. Comptes-Rendus des seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique Annee 1870-1871. /;; Ann. Soc. Belg., 14: I-LXVII. Published after Nov. 4, 1871. FERGUSON-BEATTY, A. 1958. Proc. X Internal. Congress Ent., Mon- treal, Aug. 17-25, 1 : 367-372. FRASER, F. C. 1957. A Reclassification of the Order Odonata. Roy. Zool. Soc. N. S. Wales. Sydney: E. J. Miller & Co. Pp. 1-62. KIRBV, W. F. 1890. A Synonymic Catalogue of Neuroptera Odonata, or Dragonflies. London : Gurney & Jackson, ix + 202 pp. LIEFTINCK, M. A. 1931. Treubia, 13 (Livr. 1) : 21-80. MARTIN, R. 1906. Cordulines. Cat. Coll. Zool. du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps. Bruxelles : Hayez, Impr. des Acad., Fasc. XVII: 1-98. MUTTKOWSKI, R. A. 1910. Bull. Publ. Mus. Milwaukee, 1 (art. 1) : 1-207. NEEDHAM, J. G. and C. BETTEN. 1901. N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 47: 383- 612. Odonata, pp. 429-540. NEEDHAM, J. G. and C. A. HART. 1901. Bull. Illinois St. Lab. Nat. Hist., 6 (art. 1) : 1-94. NEEDHAM, J. G. 1904. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27 (no. 1371) : 685-720. -. 1908. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 1 (no. 4, Dec.) : 273-280. NEEDHAM, J. G. and H. B. HEYWOOD. 1929. A Handbook of the Dragonflies of North America. Springfield, 111. : Charles C Thomas. viii + 378 pp. NEEDHAM, J. G. and M. J. WESTFALL, JR. 1955. A Manual of the Dragonflies of North America (Anisoptera). Berkeley & Los Angeles: Univ. Calif. Press, xii + 615 pp. ST. QUENTIN, D. 1939. VII Internat. Kongress Entom., Berlin, 15-20 Aug. 1938, 1 Sektion: Syst. u. Tiergeog., pp. 345-360. SCHMIDT, ERICH. 1915. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Morph., 39: 1-111. SELYS LONGCHAMPS, E. DE. 1871. Bull. Acad. roy. Belg. (2), 31: 238-316, 519-565. Reprint, Bruxelles. Pp. 1-128. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 -. 1878. Bull. Acad. roy. Belg. (2), 45: 183-222. Separate, Brux- elles. Pp. 1-44. TILLYARD, R. J. 1910. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 35 (pt. 2, no. 138) : 312-377. . 1914. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 39 : 163-216. TILLY ARD, R. J. and F. C. FRASER. 1940. Australian Zool., 9 (pt. 4) : 359-396. WATSON, M. C. 1956. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 81 : 155-202. WILLIAMSON, E. B. 1908. Ent. News, 19 (Sept.) : 428^34. Revisional Notes on the Types of Ichneumoninae of Cresson, Cushman, Ashmead and Others By GERD H. HEINRICH, Dryden, Maine During January and February 1959 I studied the types of Ichneumoninae in the collections of the Connecticut Agricul- tural Experimental Station in New Haven, Connecticut, of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, and of the United States National Museum in Washington. As a result of my studies I propose the following changes in the taxonomy as used by Townes in the Catalog (Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico), 1951, for the Ichneumoninae. The entities dealt with will be given in the original combination, followed by the combination as used by Townes, 1951, and lastly by what I consider the correct combination and status. In a few cases my concept of genera differs from Townes' as applied in the 1951 Catalog. As these differences will become apparent in the following combinations they need to be explained. The type of the genus Amblyteles, the palaearctic species annatorius Panzer, is, as indicated by its name, "armed" by strong apophyses of the propodeum, similar to the genus Ho- plisincnus. I do not know at present any other species which I could consider as congeneric with it. Therefore I confine the genus Amblyteles to the single palaearctic species, the type of the genus. All North American species of this group that do not belong to Eutanyacra Cameron or Spilichneumon Thomson I place in the genus Psewdambly teles Ashmead which has as 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 type a palaearctic species, palliatorius Gravenhorst, related to the nearctic bizonatus Cresson and robnstus Cresson. The genera Barichneuinon Thomson and Melanichnewnon Thomson have been synonymized by Townes 1951 and sepa- rated again by Walkley 1958. Both possibilities have their strong "pro" and "contra." Although the types of the two genera, anator Fabricius and spectabilis Homgren respectively, are strikingly different, a great variety of intermediate forms exists. This matter needs further consideration and investi- gation. In the list below for the time being I am following Townes in lumping all the species into one genus. I am not fully satisfied with Townes' arrangement of the Platylabini. The type of the genus Platylabus, the species rujiis Wesmael, is characterized by deep, transverse gastrocoeli. I still am convinced that Asthenolabus Heinrich with obsolete or subobsolete gastrocoeli must be considered a distinct genus. I am placing in Platylabus all species with pronounced gastro- coeli, transverse or not transverse. Cyclolabits Heinrich and Ectopius Wesmael are distinct genera, both, unlike Platylabus, with small, circular or very short oval propodeal spiracles, but distinguished by the difference of the gastrocoeli, which are transverse and pronounced in Cyclolabiis but obsolete or indi- cated only by a slight, longitudinal impression in Ectopius. Cyclolabiis is more closely allied to Platylabus than is Ectopius. I acknowledge with gratitude the assistance given to me by the following persons: Dr. F. B. Kring in New Haven, Dr. James A. G. Rehn and Mr. Harold J. Grant, Jr. in Philadelphia and Miss Luella M. Walkley in Washington. 1. Trogus canadensis Provanchcr $ = Conocalama copci (Cress) cf = Conocalama canadensis ( Provancher ) , syn. resur. tentat. The type of Conocalama copci, a male from Virginia, has a flat postpetiole without any trace of the conical elevation re- garded by Hopper as the distinctive character separating the nearctic genus Conocalama Hopper from the palaearctic Calla- joppa Cameron. As long as we do not know that this char- IxxJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 acter mutates individually and so far there seems to be no evidence that it does we better consider the species copei as different from canadensis, even though the color is identical. Also the shape of the propodeum of copci differs slightly from the norm of canadensis in sloping down a little less abruptly and steeply from the ridge formed by the costulae and the carina that replaces the area superomedia, the latter carina not elevated (as is usual in canadensis) and forming a wider arc. 2. Amblyteles (Chasmias ) peqitoitorum Yiereck $ -- Ichneu- mon pequoitorum (Yiereck) -- Coelichneumon pervagus (Cresson) <$, new synonymy. 3. Ichneumon semicoccineus Cresson $ -- Ptcrocontnts rufi- rentris (Cresson) = Ichneumon semicoccineus Cresson J\ syn. resur. The type, a male from "Western Territories," is similar in color to rufirentris but distinctly different in morphology. Head and temples are considerably wider, the cheeks shorter, the hind femora much stouter. Also the yellow color of face and clypeus differs from rufiventris J\ 4. Ichneumon gestuosus Cresson $ -- Mclanichncumon gcs- tiiosus (Cresson) $ == Ichneumon gestuosus Cresson , comb, resur. 5. Ichneumon lewisi Cresson 5 = Pseudambly teles lewisi (Cresson) = Ichneumon lewisi Cresson $, comb, resur. 6. Ichneumon inurbanus Cresson == Pterocormus inurbanus (Cresson) == Ichneumon semicoccineus Cresson J 1 , new synonymy. 7. Ichneumon propitius Cresson $ -- Hoplismenus propitnts (Cresson) == Ichneumon propitius Cresson J 1 , comb, resur. This species possesses none of the characters which determine the genus Hoplismenus. Even the shape of the highly elevated scutellum is different from the norm of the latter genus, and the short protruding corners of the areae dentiparae have but little resemblance to the long apophyses of a typical Hoplis- menus. In his monograph of the genus, Swift has already 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 mentioned these facts and has included the species in Hoplis- mcnus only because he considered its characters as too little significant for erecting a new genus for it. The species is a parasite of Nymphalidae, sharing this bio- logical character not only with the genus Hoplismenus but also with Thyrateles Perkins and furthermore with the gracilicornis- group of Ichneumon Linnaeus. Thyrateles and also the gra- cilicornis-group tend morphologically to an elevation of the scutellum and to a deepening of the gastrocoeli as is equally evident in the species under discussion. As Thyrateles is con- fined to species with abdomen amblypygous or semi-ambly- pygous, the species propitius can be placed only in the genus Ichneumon, unless a new genus would be erected for it. Even though it differs from the norm of this genus in the areolation of the propodeum, its relationship to Ichneumon is further con- firmed by the pattern of sexual dichromatism of the species, the females having ferruginous, the males yellow hind tibiae with black apex. 8. Amblytcles (Pterocormus) quadrizonatus Viereck - Pterocormus quadrisonatus (Viereck) = Ichneumon sub- dolus Cresson $, new synonymy. 9. Ichneumon versabilis Cresson Pterocormus mains (Cresson) $ = Ichneumon versabilis Cresson <$. syn. resur. The shape of the deep, transverse gastrocoeli of the male type excludes the possibility of associating it with mains female, a species with small and shallow gastrocoeli. 10. Amblyteles balteatus Hopper J 1 = Amblytcles rufisonatus (Cresson) 5 = Ichneumon volesus Cresson , new synonymy. The deep, transverse gastrocoeli of the male type exclude the generic placement of the species in Amblyteles or Pscudambly- teles. The new association of the two sexes is obvious. 11. Amblytcles (Pterocormus) ivinkleyi Viereck 5 = Ptero- cormus instabilis (Cresson) = Ichneumon winkleyi (Vie- reck) J, syn. resur. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 I. winkleyi and instabilis are two very similar and closely allied but distinct species as I found by careful examination and observation extended over a period of years. 12. Ichneumon lividulus Provancher 5 = Ichneumon Iwidulus Provancher = Ichneumon zelotypus Cresson J\ new synonymy. Association of sexes concluded from corresponding morphol- ogy and from field observation. 13. Ichneumon juxtus Cresson < = Amblytcles juxtus (Cres- son) = = Spilichneumon juxtus (Cresson) <$, new comb. 14. Ichneumon consimilis Cresson J 1 (preocc.) = Amblyteles nubivagus (Cresson) = Spilichneumon nubivagus (Cres- son), cj\ new comb. 15. Amblyteles jraternus Cresson J 1 = Amblyteles fraternus Cresson = Spilichneumon nubivagus (Cresson) J\ new comb, and new synonymy. U). Ichneumon comes var. alcatoriits Cresson J* = Amblyteles aleatorius (Cresson) = Spilichneumon subrufus (Cres- son ) J\ new comb, and new synonymy. 17. Ichneumon inconstans Cresson J 1 = Amblytcles inconstans (Cresson) = Spilichneumon subrufus (Cresson) $, new comb, and new synonymy. IS. Ichneumon kocbelei Swezey = Pseudamblytcles koebelei (Swezey) = Spilichneumon superbus (Provancher), new comb, and new synonymy. 19. Ichneumon torvinus Cresson Cliasmias torvinus (Cres- son) = Chasmias saucius (Cresson) $, new synonymy. 20. Ichneumon procax Cresson J 1 = Ichneumon procax Cresson = Thyrateles procax (Cresson) <$, new comb. The female of this species (see below) is amblypygous. Consequently it can not be regarded as an Ichneumon. The deep and large gastrocoeli with strongly developed thyridia, the elevated scutellum and the biological fact of parasitism on Nymphalidae establish satisfactorily its position within the genus Th\rateles Perkins, although the extremely spinose tarsi 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 of proca.v form a peculiar character not present in the other species of the genus. 21. Amblyteles torontosus Davis 5 Amblyteles torontosus Davis = Thyrateles procax (Cresson) new comb, and new synonymy. This is a dichromatic species, occurring regularly in two differently colored phases, the one with segments 2-7 red (syphax), the other with only 2-3 red, 4-7 being black (rufizonatus). 24. Amblvtclcs perannulatns Hopper 5 Amblyteles perannn- latiis Hopper = Eutanyacra perannulata (Hopper) 5, new comb. 25. Ichneumon nobilis Cresson Pseudamblyteles tnnnificns (Cresson) < -- Eutanyacra munifica (Cresson) J 1 , new comb. 26. Ichneumon grotci Cresson ^--Pseudamblyteles yrotei (Cresson) = Eutanyacra suturalis (Say) 5, in-w comb. and new synonymy. The association of f>rof>imjuns Cresson $ and yrotci $ has been proved by a series of both males and females reared from the same host (Can. Natl. Coll.). The original description of suturalis could be applied to a number of different species, all Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 equally matching it. As the type is lost I accept according to the principle of priority the synonymy of propinquus and suturalis as established by Townes. 27. Ichneumon rubellus Cresson <$ Pseudambly teles animo- sus rar. rubellus (Cresson) = Pseudamblyteles rubellus (Cresson) J 1 . Differences in the gastrocoeli indicate that rubellus is a dis- tinct species, not a mere variety of animosus. 29. Ichneumon infidclis Cresson J* = Pterocormus infidclis (Cresson) = Intermedichneumon calcatorius (Thunberg) j 1 , new synonymy. 30. Platylabus opacitas Davis $ = Aoplus opacitas (Davis) = Aoplus cestus (Cresson) , n e w synonymy. 31. Ichneumon sitkensis Ashmead Aoplus ragans sitkensis (Ashmead) = Aoplus ruficeps sitkensis (Ashmead) <^, new comb. The type (from Alaska) differs from the eastern subspecies ruficeps ragans Provancher only in the lack of the white annulns of flagellum. 32. Ichneumon helvipcs Cresson $ = Melanichneumon helvipes (Cresson) = Melanichneumon anator (Fabricius) $, new synonymy. 33. Ichneumon blanchardi Davis % -- Melanichneumon rubi- cund its (Cresson) $ = Melanichneumon blanchardi (Davis) 5, syn. resur. M. rubicundus auct. is a complex species, probably better placed in a genus other than Melanichneumon, which would also contain annulicornis Ashm. The species blanchardi 5 ni ^y be separated from mncronatits Provancher J 1 and annulicornis 5 by the somewhat shorter propodeum with consequently shorter areae dentiparae and superomedia, and by the lack of teeth of the propodeum. The type of rubicundus $ has distinct apophy- ses of the propodeum as has mncronatits <$. \Yhether both can be associated as sexes of the same species needs to be investi- 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS t Oct., 1959 gated and seems to be doubtful. If they are not the same, rubicund us (preocc.) will have to be renamed. 34. Ichneumon belfragei Cresson <$ = Pseudambly teles bel- fragei (Cresson) = Melanichneumon belfragei (Cresson) J 1 , new comb. 35. Ambly teles ohioensis de Gant J 1 = Melanichneumon ges- tuosus (Cresson) J 1 = Melanichneumon nigripes (Pro- vancher) <$, new synonymy. In this species mutants with partially obscure reddish color on the second or second and third tergite, as represented by the type specimen of nigripes, are rare in the male sex, but rather common in females. 36. Cratichneumon pluto Viereck <$ Melanichneumon gestito- siis (Cresson) J 1 = Melanichneumon nigripes (Pro- vancher ) J\ new synonymy. 37. Ichneumon cordatus Cresson J 1 = Melanichneumon corda- tus (Cresson) = Melanichneumon subcyaneus cordatus (Cresson) J 1 , new status. /. cordatus evidently is nothing more than the western, less white-marked form of subcyaneus. 38. Ichneumon solitus Cresson 5 = Melanichneumon solitus (Cresson) = Melanichneumon subcyaneus cordatus (Cresson) J 1 , new synonymy. The other sex of the former species. 39. Ichneumon neutralis Cresson < Ichneumon neutralis (Cresson) = Melanichneumon subcyaneus neutralis Cresson j*, new comb, and new status. This is another bluish-black Melanichneumon male, distin- guished by entirely black hind legs. I suppose that this also belongs to subcyaneus as a geographical subspecies. 40. Ichneumon ornatipcs Cresson <$ = Melanichneumon orna- tipes (Cresson) = Melanichneumon virginicus (Cresson) 5, new synonymy. Lxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 M. virginicus 5 has two striking and unique characters : the clypeus is extraordinarily widened and very deeply depressed, and the hind femora are unusually short and thick. The same features are evident in ornatipes J\ except that the clypeal char- acter is developed to a much lesser degree as is to be expected according to the rules of normal sexual dimorphism. The striking difference in color (red abdomen in the female, black- abdomen in the male) represents in the Nearctic Region a rather typical phenomenon, well known in the genera Probolus. Ctenichneumon, Tricholabus and Pristiccros but until now not observed in Mclanichncuinon. Nevertheless the association of sexes may be considered in all probability as correct. 41. Ichneumon pusillus Cresson $ -- Cratichneumon paratus (Say) = Cratichneumon pusillus (Cresson) $, syn. resur. The type, a very small specimen from Delaware, shows no trace of the little scopula which, as far as my experience goes, is constantly present in paratus females. It also differs from the latter in color pattern of the legs and in size. Therefore I do not believe that the species pusillus could possibly be regarded as a synonym of paratus. I rather suspect its specific identity with annnlatipcs Provancher $. However, even if this should be true, it would probably represent a differently colored southern subspecies. Our knowledge of this extremely difficult group of numerous small Cratichneumon species is still so poor and defective that the attempt of subspecific associations should be postponed. 42. Ichneumon kincaidi Ashmead <$ Cratichneumon kincaidi (Ashmead) <$ Cratichneumon citrinops kincaidi (Ash- mead) <$, new comb. European specimens of citrinops Wesmael differ from Alaskan specimens on kincaidi in nothing except the color of femora III which are red with black apex in the former, entirely infuscatcd in the latter. 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 43. Amblytelcs (Pterocormus) quintilis Viereck J 1 = Cratic h- neumon quintilis (Viereck) = Cratichneumon annulatipes (Provancher) J, new synonymy. Cr. quintilis <$ is well distinguished from all similar male species of the genus occurring in the Eastern Canadian Zone by the long row of tyloides beginning on the 2nd or 3rd joint of flagellum, and by the sternauli on the mesosternum unusually strongly impressed. The association of the sexes I concluded from observations in the field and matching characters. 44. Ischnus rolcns Cresson <$ Cratichneumon rolcns (Cres- son) Cratichneumon brevipennis (Cresson) 5> new synonymy. An aberrant species of the genus, unmistakably characterized by the presence of several irregular vertical carinae on the frons, which are strongly developed in the female, weakly in the male. 45. Ichneumon brevipennis Cresson 5 = Ichneumon brevipennis (Cresson) = Cratichneumon brevipennis (Cresson) 5' new comb. 46. Ischnus varieyatus Provancher J 1 = Cratichneumon W- album (Townes nee Cresson) " Cratichneumon varie- gatus (Provancher) J 1 , syn. resur. The specimen in the Cresson collection designated as the lecto- type of /. W -album does not match the original description of the latter in characters of specific distinction. As the collection contains no specimen which does match the description, I have reported the type as to be considered as lost. The specimen wrongly designated as type of W-album is specifically identical with /. varicgatus which therefore is the correct name for the species W -album of authors. 47. Cratichneumon popojcnsis Ashmead 5 = Cratichneumon popojcnsis Ashmead = Cratichneumon yakutatensis Ash- mead J 1 , new synonymy. I found no reason for separating these two well matched sexes as different species, especially so since a male specimen of \itka- Ixxj ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215 tatensis from Popoff Island (the terra typica of popojensis) is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. 48. Anisobas nearcticus Cushman $ = Anisobas te.vensis (Ash- mead) = Anisobas te.vcnsis nearcticus Cushman 5, syn. resur. The type of nearcticus as well as two specimens in my col- lection, all from Maine, differ slightly in color from the type of tc.vcnsis. They all have the white stripe of the outer orbits considerably abbreviated and the 4th tergite black only at the apex and with white apical band either lacking or strongly reduced. They are all considerably smaller than te.rcnsis and have the apex of the flagellum a little less sharply attenuated. I therefore would prefer to maintain the name nearcticus with subspecific status. 49. Eurylabus ayilis Cresson ^.--Platylabus scittellatns ( Pro- vancher) Asthenolabus agilis (Cresson) 5, syn. resur. and new comb. P. agilis is undoubtedly a distinct species, differing from scu- tcllatus (a species also belonging to the genus Asthenolabus Heinrich) by the lack of white anal markings. 50. Platylabus metallicus Bradley 5 = Platylabus darns (Cres- son) = Platylabus metallicus Bradley 5, syn. resur. There seems to be no doubt that this is a distinct species, constantly different from darns in its smaller size, less extended white marks (for example the upper margin of pronotum never being entirely white, usually entirely blue), and a little more widened flagellum. 51. Platylabus montanus Cresson $ -- Ichneumon rajer Cresson "?" = c? (preocc.) = Platylabus perkinsi \Valkley, new synonymy. 52. Platylabus consors Cresson <$ = Platylabus censors Cresson = Platylabus rufipes consors Cresson J\ new comb, and status. 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 Differs from rufipcs rufipcs Provancher only by lack of the white annulus on flagellum. 53. Platylabus californicus Cresson $ = Platylabus californicus Cresson = Platylabus rufipes censors Cresson $, new synonymy. 54. Probolus subdentatus Ashmead <$ Ectopius subdcntatus (Ashmead) = Cyclolabus gracilicornis subdentatus (Ash- mead) J\ new status. The western subspecies subdentatus differs from the eastern gracilicornis gracilicornis Provancher only in the lack of the white annulus of the flagellum, thus paralleling Platylabus rufipcs rufipcs Provancher (Eastern) and Platylabus rufipes consors Cresson (Western). 55. Hoplismcnus o mat us Cresson $ = Thaumatoteles ornatus (Cresson) = Ambloplisus ornatus (Cresson) 5, new comb. The genus Ambloplisus Heinrich was erected in 1930 (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, XV, 3/4, p. 551) for the Peruvian species primus Heinrich, which is congeneric with ornatus. 56. Platylabus fo.vi Davis $ = Thaumatoteles ornatus (Cres- son) = Tropicolabus foxi Davis J 1 , syn. resur. and new genus. The type of Platylabus foxi, made here the type of the new genus Tropicolabus, differs morphologically from the genus Ambloplisus Heinrich (syn. Thaumatoteles Hopper) in the shape of the head, scutellum, propodeum, first segment and gastrocoeli. The gastrocoeli which as a general rule do not undergo considerable sexual dimorphism are deep and ex- tremely wide with just a very narrow interval between them. The species therefore can not be placed in the genus Amblo- plisus or Hoploplatystylus Schmiedeknecht. It could eventually pass as a member of the genus Platylabus except for the very strong, long and somewhat upwards curbed apophyses of the propodeum, which may be considered as the character separat- ing Tropicolabus from Platylabus. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217 57. Hoplismenus transversus Davis J 1 = Hoplismenus scutella- tus (Provancher) = Hoplismenus scutellatus transversus Davis ($, new status. There seem to be no morphological differences between scu- tellatus (from Quebec) and transversus (from Idaho). The color differences, however, are significant enough to indicate a subspecific differentiation. H. scutellatus transversus differs from scutellatus scutellatus by its 1) almost entirely red meso- notum, 2) entirely red abdomen, 3) lack of anmilus on flagellum. Some North American Collembola Records By DAVID L. WRAY, Division of Entomology, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. During the past number of years I have been working on the Collembola fauna of North America and have been able to examine many collections from most of the region. The fol- lowing records of the occurrence of Collembola seem worthy of note. Subfamily Onychiurinae Borner, 1901 Onychiurus cocklei Folsom One of the most interesting accounts of the occurrence of Collembola, and I might add most intriguing to collectors, is that given by J. W. Folsom entitled "The Golden Snow-Flea, Aphorura cocklei, n.sp." This appeared in The Canadian Ento- mologist (vol. XL) in 1908 and described the swarming in Kaslo, British Columbia of "a minute yellow Collembolan that appears in crowds so dense as to cover the snow with a carpet of gold." It was of particular interest to me when this species was discovered here in the mountains of North Carolina swarm- ing in (7) January 1955. They were found swarming by the millions over logs and over the surface of the water of a 2 acre pond near Black Mountain. N. C. Also strips of them were 218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 along the slow moving waters of the stream flowing from the pond. They formed a floating blanket of gold on the surface of the water. In the laboratory they appeared a lemon yellow color. This seems to be the first time this species has been recorded in eastern North America. Another record of Onychiurus cocklci Folsom is from Bright- wood, Oregon. Numerous specimens were taken from humus on June 28, 1957 and sent me for identification by Dr. G. F. Knowlton. Kalaphorura burmeister Lubbock Among some Collembola sent me for identification were a number of this species which were taken from soil from Wien, Austria and intercepted at Fort Lauderdale, Florida by H. A. Denmark. Subfamily Isotominae Schaffer, 1896 Pseudanurphorus binoculatus Kseneman Specimens were taken from soil of a lake bed near Oak Ridge, Tennessee on July 3, 1957 and sent me for determination by S. I. Auerbach. Heretofore this species has only been re- corded from Connecticut in 1951, by P. F. Bellinger. I have found another Pseudanurophorus with two eyes on each side of head taken in Utah. A description of this form is now in press. Micrisotoma achromata Bellinger Specimens of this species were taken from leaf mould at 4200 feet elevation on June 30, 1954 near Highlands, North Carolina. Heretofore this form has only been recorded from Connecticut. Architomocerura crassicauda Denis Specimens of this form were taken in leaf mould from London County, Tennessee, April 27, 1952, by T. P. Copeland and sent me for identification. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219 Subisotoma (Proisotoma) angularis (Axelson) Specimens of this species were taken from ground cover under a juniper tree at Moab, Utah, March 4, 1955, and sent me by G. F. Knowlton. Subfamily Entomobryinae Schaffer, 1896 Entomobrya stachi Wray Entomobrya decemjasciata Packard, Christiansen, 1958, new synonymy This is one of the largest and distinct species of Entomobrya found in North America and can be easily recognized. It was discovered at Highlands, N. C. Since then specimens have been identified from Tishomingo, Mississippi, which were taken from under bark and moss by W. E. Snow, March 23, 1957. Other specimens were taken from tree boles at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, in 1955 by S. I. Auerbach. This form was erroneously listed under Entomobrya decemfasciata by Christiansen (1958). Tomocerus minor Lubbock Taken from Orchid plants from Guatemala, South America, August 22, 1958. This is an unusual record for this species because heretofore most records have been from Arctic regions, Europe, Canada, northern U. S. (Mass., Washington), and New Zealand. Subfamily Paronellinae Borner, 1906 Paronellides mjobergi Schott This interesting Australian species was intercepted on a plant from Australia, January 1959. 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 Recent Smithsonian Institution Entomological Accessions By J. F. GATES CLARKE, Curator, Division of Insects, Smithsonian Institution The collections listed below have been received recently at the U. S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution. The purpose of publishing this announcement is to inform the ento- mological public of the availability of these collections for study and to apprise those interested of the location of the types contained. These newly acquired collections, together with others already assembled in the National Collection, will permit exhaustive studies embracing the biological and distributional features of the groups represented, and will be available to interested stu- dents who wish to undertake such studies. Ernest Shoemaker Collection The late Ernest Shoemaker, Brooklyn, New York, amateur entomologist and painter of insects, presented his collection of well over 60,000 insects, mostly beetles, to the Smithsonian Institution. Mr. Shoemaker began collecting insects 75 years ago when he was a young man living in Georgetown and this hobby occu- pied nearly all his spare time until his death. His exquisitely prepared specimens are of particular interest because many of them came from collecting grounds in the Eastern United States that have disappeared because of the growth of cities. His fine series are of special value for popu- lation and distribution studies. The collection also contains a large number of lepidoptera, but the most important are the 101 species of Morpho butter- flies which were favorites of Mr. Shoemaker. Friedrich F. Tippmann Collection The Tippmann Collection consists exclusively of Cerambycidae and contains approximately 98,000 specimens and 16,500 spe- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221 U - ca c o^ U o ' .y i ~ u "S > ^ '? '^ 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 1959 cies. Included in this collection are 615 holotypes and over 1,400 paratypes of such authors as Bruening, Aurivillius, Pic, and Tippmann, as well as many others. In this collection there are practically no North American species but it is rich in South American forms. Africa, Asia, Europe, New Guinea and the Indo-Malayan area are also well represented. Paul J. Spangler Collection The gift of 26,385 specimens from Mr. Spangler has provided much material that should be of interest to students. This collection, almost wholly coleoptera, is very rich in aquatic forms in which the donor specialized. Although the material is largely North American, there is good representa- tion from the Palaearctic and Neotropical Regions. In addition to types of Spangler's own species there are paratypes of other authors such as J. B. Wallis and Frank Young. Francisco de Assisi Monros Collection Through the kindness of Mrs. Maria Muntanola Monros, the magnificent world-wide collection of Chrysomelidae, assem- bled by her late husband, has been received at the U. S. National Museum. The superb condition of the material reflects the meticulous care with which Dr. Monros worked. In all, there are 54,245 specimens of which 244 are holotypes and 1,356 are paratypes, cotypes or allotypes; 923 species are represented by types of one sort or another. Of the 16 subfamilies the Criocerinae, Chlamidinae, Eumol- pinae, and Clytrinae, groups in which Dr. Monros was par- ticularly interested, are especially well represented by types. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223 A Sex Anomaly of the Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) l By HARRY C. COPPEL - During investigations on the biological control of the intro- duced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.), in northwestern Wisconsin, in 1958, 1,024 adult sawflies were reared, one of which was a sex anomaly. This specimen emerged from a large cocoon (9.2 mm.), from which one would expect a female adult. The head is typical of the male except for the distinctly yellow clypeus as in the female. The thorax and abdomen are divided laterally, the right side as in the female and the left side as in the male. The genital segments are typically male and the genital capsule appears to have revolved almost a complete 180. In contrast to the normal male, however, the hypandrium is not broadly rounded posteriorly, but is sharply and deeply indented posteriorly. The base of the hypandrium on the right side is slightly misshapen because of the attachment of a membrane bearing the first and second valvulae and their rami. This struc- ture hangs loosely from the body of the adult. The hypandrium is further misshapen on its right lateral margin by the presence of what appears to be a shrunken and degenerate third valvula. An examination of the internal organs showed no evidence of a female reproduction system or of eggs. Whether the sex anomaly was a functional male is not known. 1 Approved for publication by the Director of the Wisconsin Agricul- tural Experiment Station. This work was done in cooperation with the Wisconsin Conservation Department. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Wis- consin, Madison 6, Wisconsin. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Bembicini and Stizini (Hym., Sphec.) of New World wanted for revis. study. Will return upon request or at end of project. James E. Gillaspy, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. Texas, Austin 12, Texas. Agapema galbina. Will exchange cocoons of this moth for nature books. E. Frizzell, Route 4, Box 96, San Benito, Texas. Tenebrionidae of the World wanted, in exchange for insects of Argen- tina and neighboring countries. Horacio J. Molinari, Av. Lib. Gral San Martin 55, Acassuso (Buenos Aires), Rep. Argentina. Butterflies. Wish to exchange specimens for Japanese species. Please write to Ichiro Nakamura (Boy, age 16), 26 Aza-Nichiyama Obayashi Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. Phasmidae of nearctic area desired alive. Purchase or trade, drawing on large stock of major orders, worldwide. Domminck J. Pirone, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Nitidulidae and Rhizophagidae wanted in exchange for European bee- tles of all families. O. Marek, Zamberk 797, Czechoslovakia. Wanted and Needed. We are compiling a history of entomology, and particularly, at present, of the amateur insect clubs that nourished 50 to 75 years ago. Will you who have knowledge of such early clubs or societies advise me, giving facts on the time of existence, members, etc., which you may have. J. J. Davis, Dept. of Entomology, Purdue Uni- versity, Lafayette, Indiana. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3. PENNSYLVANIA Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) v By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Ne or embus, Is or embus}, Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus) and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, Baudia) are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. Subscriptions for 1960 Are Now Due Subscription Blank Enclosed ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS NOVEMBER 1959 Vol. LXX No. 9 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS Reinhard New North American Tachinidae 225 Wallis Factors in the larval migration of the gypsy moth 235 Wray Unusual occurrence of rhinocerus beetles 240 Scott Japanese Collembola. II. Isotominae 241 Obituary Hermann Haupt A new journal 244 Rehn and Grant Remarks on a contribution by V. M. Dirsh . . . 245 Reviews Nouvel atlas d'entomologie. Hymenopteres de France 249 Manual of insect morphology 250 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 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REINHARD, College Station, Texas The present paper includes descriptions of three new genera and eight new species of muscoid flies from various western and southwestern sources, all cited under the characterizations below. Myiophasia lasia, n. sp. A shining black pollenless species with sides of face and front much more heavily pilose than in any related form and the abdomen with discals. Male. Front pinched out before triangle, which bears non- divaricate proclinate ocellars ; verticals not differentiated and frontals extending from antennal base to mid front ; antenna orange yellow, third segment but slightly longer than second; black, micro pubescent arista thickened near base thence slender to tip ; parafacial shining black, thickly haired on entire length ; vibrissae near mid face level and somewhat approximated ; cheek polished black, broad but largely ventral, grooves red and un- usually wide; palpus yellow, slender to tip and longer than haustellum ; eye densely pilose. Thorax velvety black, feebly shining above and rather weakly bristled ; preacrostichal 2 ; postdorsocentral 3 ; sternopleural 2 ; scutellum with 2 lateral and 1 strong decussate apical pair. Legs rather long and slender ; mid tibia with one anterolateral bristle ; claws and pulvilli elongated. Wing light brown becoming grayish along hind margin ; hind cross vein bisinuate, nearly in 1 Contribution No. 3174, Department of Entomology, Texas Agricul- tural Experiment Station. (225) 226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 plane of apical cross vein ; first posterior cell open near extreme wing tip ; calypters brown. Abdomen ovate, shiny black and clothed with longish erect hairs over entire surface above ; intermediate segments with differentiated discals ; first segment with median marginals and usually a second pair differentiated immediately in front of latter, last three segments each with a marginal row but incom- plete on second ; forceps slender, prongs contiguous to an acute slightly bowed tip; accessory process fingerlike and a little shorter than forceps ; fifth sternite lobes broadly exposed. Length, 6-7 mm. Holotype, Signal Mt, WYO., August 3, 1947 (F. A. Cowan & M. R. Wheeler). Paratypes 3 males: Breitenbush Lake, Marion Co., Ore., June 23, 1940 (R. E. Rieder) ; Rainier Natl. For., Washington, Sept. 10, 1935; and Logan, Utah, Aug. 11, 1942 (G. F. Knowlton & W. E. Peay). Myiophasia sigilla, n. sp. Male only. Very similar to the preceding species including distinct median marginal bristles on the first abdominal seg- ment. Parafrontal and parafacial gray pollinose and a little less densely haired ; epistoma distinctly shorter, slightly more produced in profile ; third antennal segment black ; palpus brown with enlarged tip paler or reddish ; wing wholly hyaline tinged with yellow near base ; calypters pale tawny ; abdominal hairs erect on entire surface above, without any differentiated discals. Length, 7 mm. Holotype: Snowy Range Mts., 11,600 ft., WYOMING, August 13, 1957 (H. J. Reinhard). DYSCOLOMYIA, n. g. Similar to Meledonns (type, latipennis Aid.) but with normal- sized palpi, more prominent front, larger antennae, etc. Head nearly as long as high, frontal profile well over the slightly receding facial, antennal axis near eye middle ; clypeus Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 227 very deeply sunk, facialia vertical and bare ; full width epistoma produced ventrad from vibrissal level and over half as long as wide ; parafacial broad, sparsely beset with micro setae ; frontals in a single row stopping at antennal base; ocellars divaricate and but slightly proclinate, inner verticals straight, reclinate ; antenna as long as face, first segment elongate with a thin lobe- like expansion on upper lateral extremity, third segment nearly three times length of second ; arista rather short, practically bare, second segment a trifle longer than wide ; cheek about equal parafacial width, bare except on narrow lower margin; haus- tellum quite slender but obviously shorter than head height ; eye bare, reaching to vibrissal level. Thoracic chaetotaxy ; acro- stichal 1, 2; dorsocentral 3, 3; intraalar 2; supraalar 3 (only the middle one large); presutural 1 (outer); notopleural 2; humeral 2 ; posthumeral 1 ; sternopleural 3 ; pteropleural not developed; scutellum with 2 large lateral, 1 small decussate apical and 1 hardly differentiated appressed discal pair ; post- notal slope bare ; propleuron sparsely pilose. Wing clear, veins brown, normal in shape and reaching a little beyond tip of abdomen ; third vein with three setulae near base ; first posterior cell open a little before extreme wing tip ; last section of fifth vein shorter than hind cross vein; cubitulus obtusely angled, without stump or fold ; costal spine vestigial ; calypters broader than long. Abdomen somexvhat narrowed and elongated ; one pair of median marginals on proximal segments and a marginal row on last two segments besides a row of strong discals behind middle of fourth ; apical sternites shiny and narrowly exposed. Genotype : Dyscolomyia lucina, n. sp. Dyscolomyia lucina, n. sp. Male only. Head with silvery pollen becoming cinereous on occiput ; frontalia subequal to width of parafrontal ; latter with only sparse short setae outside frontal row ; front at vertex 0.375 of head width and scarcely wider at anterior extremity; second antennal segment rufous, third entirely black and widen- ing gradually to a broadly rounded apex ; arista black, rather 228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 strongly thickened basally tapering strongly to middle thence more slowly so to a sharp tip; palpus fully half as long as haustellum, brown basally becoming paler or reddish near apex ; labellum small ; occiput glabrous on upper third, remaining sur- face clothed with short intermixed pale and black hairs. Thorax and scutellum black, moderately dusted with bluish gray pollen leaving four well defined black dorsal vittae ; legs black, subshiny ; mid tibia bearing one strong and one weaker bristle on outer front side before middle ; fore claws and pulvilli exceeding length of last tarsal segment. Wing gray hyaline ; calypters subopaque, white. Abdomen shining black with last three segments lightly dusted with pale bluish gray pollen on basal half or more ; genital seg- ments black largely retracted, fifth sternite with a rather wide U-shaped excision, lobes widely exposed and clothed with black hairs. Length, 7 mm. Holotype male, Surprise Canyon, Inyo County, CALIFORNIA, May 9, 1958 (R. M. Bohart). ' AGATHOMYIA, n. g. Differs from Plagiomima in having a much shorter and stouter proboscis, larger labella, more retracted hind cross vein, etc. Head nearly one-third wider than high, frontal profile sub- equal to slightly receding facial ; clypeus moderately depressed, epistoma gently bowed forward from clypeal plane and pro- duced ventrad from vibrissal angle ; oral margin axis fully three- fourths length of antennal, which is shortly above eye middle ; vibrissae on oral margin well above lower edge of head; bare facialia depressed beneath level of parafacialia ; latter setose from lower frontal to cheek groove ; palpus equal length of haus- tellum ; ocellars divaricate ; cheek bare, one-fifth eye length ; eye bare, descending to or a trifle below vibrissal level. Thoracic chaetotaxy : acrostichal 3, 3 ; dorsocentral 3, 3 ; postalar 2 (hind- most strong) ; supraalar 3 ; intraalar 3 ; posthumeral 1 ; humeral 3 ; notopleural 2 ; presutural 2 ; sternopleural 3 ; pteropleural vestigial; scutellum with 2 lateral (hindmost very large); 1 Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS decussate apical and 1 weak preapical pair. Wing barely reach- ing beyond tip of abdomen ; first and third veins setulose ; hind cross vein joining fourth about its length from small cross vein; first posterior cell open far before wing tip ; costal spine minute. Abdomen slightly wider than thorax; one pair of median mar- ginals on second segment and a marginal row on following two plus a discal row well behind middle on last ; sternites covered. Genotype : Agathomyia cordata, n. sp. Agathomyia cordata, n. sp. Female. Head densely gray pollinose, occiput gently convex, clothed with rather short sparse pale hairs ; front at vertex 0.44 of head width and nearly equibroad downward ; frontalia wider than parafrontal; latter with a few scattered short setae and two stout proclinate orbitals ; verticals two, outer one nearly as large as inner; lowermost frontal about on level with middle of third antennal segment; short black bare arista thickened well beyond middle, second segment barely longer than thick ; basal antennal segments reddish yellow, third black about one-half longer than second; palpus yellow, slender with tip slightly enlarged ; labella soft in texture and wider than haustellum. Thorax and scutellum black dusted with gray pollen and marked with four narrow black vittae above which become obsolete before scutellum base. Legs subshiny black, mid tibia with a row of unequal bristles on outer front side; claws and pulvilli short. Wing whitish hyaline ; cubitulus bearing a stump and fold which approximate length of apical cross vein ; last section of fifth vein almost twice length of preceding; calypters opaque white. Abdomen black dusted with gray pollen except on apical third or less of segments two to four which appear darker and shin- ing in most views, hairs on entire upper surface fine and closely appressed ; venter shiny ; anal orifice, caudo ventral, rounded on upper margin. Male unknown. Length, 6.5-7.5 mm. Holotype: Anza Riv. Co., CAL., VII-5-56 (R. M. Bohart). 230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., 1959 Paratyfic: 1 female, Rodeo, N. Mex., Hidalgo Co., VII 1-28-58 (R. M. Bohart). Thelymyia disparis, n. sp. The present assignment for the species is provisional since it differs from Thelymyia in having four postsutural dorsocentrals and lacks abdominal discals. However, the wide male front bearing strong proclinate orbitals, short claws and pulvilli, pilose eyes, etc., seems to indicate an apparent relationship here. The question of restricted generic reference is left open pending accumulation of more material. Perhaps the most nearly re- lated described species .is Zcnillia mathcsoni Reinhard (Bui. Brk. Ent. Soc., 32, 1937, 68), which was omitted from Seller's treatment (Proc. U. S. N. M., 93, 1943) of the present and allied genera. Male. Head pollen gray faintly tinged with yellow on sides of face and front ; vertex 0.33 of head width, front gradually widening forward to antennal base ; verticals two pairs ; ocellars strong, proclinate ; facialia weakly bristled on lower fourth or less ; antenna black, third segment about two and one-half times second ; arista but slightly thickened to middle, bare ; palpus yellow, infuscated basally ; cheek black haired, one-sixth eye length ; eye distinctly pilose ; occiput wholly pale-pilose. Thorax black, gray pollinose, marked by four notal vittae ; chaetotaxy as in Thelymyia except as noted above ; scutellum largely reddish, with decussate apical bristles directed rearward. Legs black, mid tibia with three anterolateral bristles, hind tibia unevenly ciliated. Wing gray hyaline, third vein with two setulae near base ; first posterior cell open shortly before exact wing tip; calypters semitranslucent white. Abdomen black with dense gray pollen except along median line of last three segments ; one pair of median marginals on two basal segments and a marginal row on last two, with irregu- larly spaced discals on anal segment ; hypopygium black, small, retracted. Female unknown. Length, 9-11 mm. Holotypc: West slope Patagonia Mts., Sta. Cruz Co., ART- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 231 ZONA, August 9, 1955 (G. D. Butler & F. G. Werner). Para- types: 2 males, same data as type. ANGUSTIOPSIS, n. g. Allied to Angustia and Aplomya as limited by Sellers (Proc. U. S. N. M. 93, 1943) but, as enumerated below, with seem- ingly important differences in the diagnostic characters which have been ascribed to each. Front strongly narrowed above middle in male, gradually convergent to vertex in female; second antennal segment sub- equal to one-half length of third ; arista bare, longer than usual, not much thickened on basal half, thence delicate to tip ; frontal bristles descending to base of third antennal segment ; cheek about one-fifth eye length. Thoracic chaetotaxy : acrostichal 3, 3 ; dorsocentral 3, 4 ; intraalar 3 ; supraalar 3 ; humeral 4-5 ; posthumeral 2 ; notopleural 2 ; presutural 2 ; postalar 3 ; intra- postalar 1 (strong) ; pteropleural 2 (smaller than hindmost sternopleural) ; sternopleural 2; scutellum with 3 strong lateral, 1 apical and 1 good-sized appressed cliscal pair. Hind tibia closely (evenly in male) ciliate ; mid tibia with three or four anterolateral bristles. Abdomen broadly ovate, second segment with a pair of median marginals in female, third bearing a mar- ginal row of spinelike macrochaetae and fourth segment with erect smaller bristles and hairs over entire upper surface : no discals on intermediate segments. Genotype : Angustiopsis sayinata, n. sp. Angustiopsis saginata, n. sp. Male. Front at vertex 0.22 of head width equibroad mi upper third thence widening rapidly downward into facial angle ; parafrontal with dense gray pollen becoming darker before vertex, clothed with bristly to fine black hairs outside of main frontal row; frontalia deep reddish brown, wider than para- frontal except at anterior extremity ; ocellars proclinate ; inner verticals erect, not very long; parafacial subsilvery, bare from lower frontal to cheek groove ; vibrissae barely differentiated from bristles next above; antenna wholly black reaching almost 232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 to oral margin ; facialia with weak bristles and hairs on lower fourth ; proboscis short, labella large and fleshy ; palpus longer than haustellum, red with basal half brownish; eye thickly pale pilose, reaching to vibrissal level ; occiput clothed with ruff of dense pale hairs. Thorax gray pollinose on black ground color, notum marked with five changeable black vittae ; scutellum entirely reddish and lightly dusted with gray pollen ; prosternum setose on sides. Wing gray hyaline, veins yellow, third with two to four hairs near base ; first posterior cell open shortly before wing tip ; hind cross vein two-thirds its length from cubitulus, latter stumpless and only about one-fourth wing width from hind margin ; costal spine vestigial ; calypters opaque white. Legs black, long but not very slender ; mid tibia with three anterolateral bristles, hind tibia closely, evenly ciliated on posterolateral face ; pulvilli and reddish black-tipped claws subequal to combined length of last two tarsal segments. Abdomen black with sides somewhat reddish, last three seg- ments thinly gray pollinose to or nearly to hind margin of each, a narrow dark median vitta visible in most views ; hairs on upper surface of three basal segments fine and closely set ; hypopygium small, retracted. Female. Front at vertex 0.31 of head width gradually di- verging to antennal base ; abdomen predominantly black with a coarser sparser vestiture of hairs above ; one pair of strong erect median marginal bristles ; hind tibia ciliate with one longer bristle in row ; otherwise as in male except for sexual differences. Length, 10-12 mm. Holotypc: male and allotype female. Presidio Co., TEXAS, July 13, 1940. Paratypcs: 2 females, Brownsville, Texas, May 4, 1957 (H. J. Reinhard). Lydella immissa, n. sp. Allied to L. minor but larger in build, facialia bristled on lower half or less, intermediate abdominal segments with numer- ous discals, etc. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 233 Male. Head gray pollinose on dark background, except red- dish cheek groove ; front at vertex 0.22 of head width, diverg- ing rapidly below middle into facial angle ; frontalia striate, wider than parafrontal, deep reddish brown to black ; frontal row reaching about to base of third antennal segment, upper two bristles reclinate about as large as erect inner verticals ; ocellars large, proclinate ; antenna entirely black, second segment over half as long as third and thickly beset with bristly hairs on front margin ; long, bare, black arista thickened on basal third or less ; parafacial bare on lower half ; long decussate vibrissae, slightly above oral margin ; proboscis short, labella large, yellow black-haired palpus considerably longer than haustellum ; eye bare ; cheek three-elevenths eye length ; occiput gently convex clothed with pale pilose hairs. Thorax and scutellum black dusted with gray pollen, notum marked with four rather broad and changeable black vittae be- fore suture and five behind all becoming obsolete before base of scutellum. Chaetotaxy : acrostichal 3, 3 ; dorsocentral 3, 3 ; intraalar 3 ; supraalar 3 ; postalar 3 ; humeral 4 ; posthumeral 1 ; presutural 2 (outer large); notopleural 2; sternopleural 2, 1; pteropleural 1 (smaller than hindmost sternopleural) ; scutellum with 3 lateral, 1 longish erect divergent apical and 1 reclinate discal pair barely differentiated among numerous long erect slender bristles ; prosternum and postnotal slope setose, pro- pleuron bare. Legs black, long but not very slender ; mid tibia with one large and one small anterolateral bristles ; claws and pulvilli elongate. Wing gray hyaline with a slight yellowish tinge on costal half ; veins brown, bare except four or five setulae near base of third ; first posterior cell open considerably before wing tip ; bisinuate hind cross vein its length from broadly rounded cubitulus, latter without stump or fold ; costal spine vestigial ; calypters opaque white tinged with yellow on outer margin. Abdomen narrower and longer than thorax, black in ground color tinged with red at sides, last third segments with gray pollen extending thinly to hind margin of each ; median marginal pair on first segment and a marginal row on last three, besides 234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 numerous erect and irregularly spaced discals on each of latter ; genital forceps rather short, hind surface very densely clothed with downy yellowish hairs to about apical fourth thence gla- brous to blunt apex ; accessory process as long as forceps but distinctly wider in profile view : fifth sternite lobes largely retracted. Female unknown. Length, 9.5-10 mm. Holotypc: Zamora, Mich., MEXICO, August 27, 1947 (F. A. Cowan & M. R. Wheeler). Paratypc: 1 male, same data as type. Dexodes sartura, n. sp. Traces here in most available keys differing from the preced- ing species chiefly as follows : Male. Head silvery pollinose, front wider, measuring 0.27 of head width at vertex; third antennal segment fully four times length of second ; cheek one-fifth eye length ; vibrissae on oral margin ; arista thickened on basal fifth or less ; thorax and abdomen overlaid with heavy opaque gray pollen with a slight brownish tinge apparent in some angles of view ; apical scutellars and inner presutural bristle lacking and only one good-sized preacrostichal ; postnotal slope usually bare ; legs rather slender, tibiae paler or reddish in ground color ; wing clear, with yellow veins ; first posterior cell open shortly before extreme wing tip ; abdomen bearing fewer discals on intermediate segments ; geni- tal forceps slender and recurved on apical half ; accessory process fingerlike as long as forceps, gently bowed forward from base to tip. Female. Similar to male except for the usual sexual differ- ences. Length, 7.5-9 mm. Holotype male and allotype female, Babylon, L. I., NEW YORK, May 26, 1935 (Blanton & Borders). Paratypcs: 1 male and 1 female, same data as type ; 1 male, West Hills, L. I., N. Y., June 1, 1935 (Blanton & Borders) and 1 female, Amherst, Ohio, July, 1933 (H. J. Reinhard). Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 235 Factors Affecting Larval Migration of the Gypsy Moth By ROBERT C. WALLIS, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven The gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.) is a serious economic pest of New England woodlands because of the defoliation caused by the larvae. The severity of defoliation is in part associated with the migration of the larvae. Consequently, study of factors which influence larval migration is important, and more information is necessary to understand the ecology of the insect. In 1896 Forbush and Fernald described the positive photo- trophism of young gypsy moth larvae, and associated it with practical problems of distribution. Much later, in 1930, in a study of larval behavior, de Lepiney described a stimulation of migratory activity by light and a strong negative geotrophism of the larvae. However, it was not until 1947 that a practical relationship between migratory activity and differences in the amount of defoliation in forest sites was suggested by Bess, Spurr and Littlefield. They reported that in certain forest conditions the larvae migrated down from the woodland canopy into the litter and forest under story where the larvae were more susceptible to predation by small mammals. Under other con- ditions the larvae did not migrate, but remained in the canopy. Bess and co workers (1947) suggested that the larvae migrated down into the litter and understory seeking cool moist places in which to rest and pupate. Because of these very interesting observations, when the present study of gypsy moth ecology was initiated in 1953, special attention was given to factors involved in larval migration, and its relationship to defoliation. LABORATORY STUDIES One of the first goals of this study was to determine experi- mentally whether larvae exhibited a preference for moist sites, or any tendency to migrate toward such sites in which to rest between feeding periods. This was accomplished by utili/ing 236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., 1959 techniques which permitted observation of larval migration in relation to this factor and others such as food sources provid- ing olfactory stimuli, the influence of geotrophism, and the effect of light. Tubular plastic cylinders, four inches in diameter, one, two and three feet long, were constructed with an access hatch in the center and both open ends covered with 56 gauge nylon netting. Groups of both laboratory reared and field collected larvae in each larval instar were tested for moisture attraction by placing from 10 to 100 larvae in each cylinder with a moisture gradient. When the laboratory relative humidity was lowered to 30 10 per cent and a wet pad was placed at the bottom end of the cylinder (with the lower end capped and the upper end left open) there was a moist site at one end and a dry one at the other. Larvae were placed in the cylinder through the middle hatch and the direction of their migration observed. Test cylinders of various lengths provided different distances from the wet and dry sites. For single factor tests of moisture the cylinders were placed in a horizontal position in the presence of balanced light in- tensity at either end. One hour later the numbers of larvae distributed on the wet and dry side of the middle were counted. Groups composed of each five larval instars were tested and each test replicated three times to rule out chance observations. This procedure was then repeated with fresh young red oak leaves as a test attractant in place of the moist site. This was followed by substituting a strong light (reflected sunlight in- tensity, projected through a 1 cm. aperture) at one end of the cyinder. Tests for interaction of factors and for the effect of geo- trophism were conducted by rotating the test cylinders from a horizontal to a vertical position. Thus, first instar larvae exhibiting a negative geotrophism migrated to the dry end when it was in the up position. In these tests it was found that larvae migrated toward a moist site only when responding to another interacting factor (such as light) or when exhibiting a negative geotrophic re- sponse. When test cylinders were in the horizontal position. Ixxj ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237 larvae were randomly distributed between the wet and the dry ends. First and second instar larvae migrated to the moist end of the tube only when it was in the up position of the ver- tical tests. When the cylinders were inverted, the larvae then migrated to the dry ends which were in the up position. Middle and late instar larvae lost the geotrophic orientation and were distributed randomly within the cylinders regardless of the posi- tion of the moist sites. Similar responses were observed when light was substituted as a factor in tests with moist sites, except that young larvae migrated toward light even when it was at the bottom of the cylinders and older instar larvae moved away from the lighted end regardless of whether it was in the up or down position. The positive phototrophism of the young larvae and the avoidance of light by the older larvae were exhibited regardless of the position of moisture in the tube. The responses to the presence of oak leaves in the tests were similar to those observed with moisture. The food alone elicited no migratory responses, but once food was encountered during random ambulatory movements or in the course of migration stimulated by other factors (light, negative geotrophism ) larvae accumulated on the leaves and fed. FIELD STUDY Study of larval responses was conducted in field experiments at Bethany, Connecticut, in the spring of 1956. A number of trees were selected in various sites within an area of woodland where a high population of gypsy moth larvae existed. The trunks of six red oak trees, and low vertical branches were treated with pairs of four inch rings of Tree Tanglefoot covered with loose burlap bands. Thus, larvae travelling up the tree trunks were trapped under the lower bands and those moving down the trunks were trapped under the upper bands. The study area was observed daily during the larval growing season and at bi-weekly intervals larvae trapped under the bands. Results of field studies were similar to those observed in tin- laboratory. During the first three-week period almost all of the 238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 young larvae trapped under the burlap bands were under lower band, indicating movement upward on the tree trunk. Only occasional young larvae were encountered under the upper bands. However, during the second three-week period when larvae were in later instars, increasing numbers were found trapped under the upper band. By the time the trees had been defoliated and first pupae began to appear, almost equal numbers of late instar larvae were found under the upper and lower bands. DISCUSSION The study of factors affecting migration of the gypsy moth larvae is perhaps one of the most fascinating problems confront- ing insect ecologists in New England. In this problem results of laboratory tests show how larvae react and when this infor- mation is applied to migration in the field, it helps explain the movements of the larvae between the forest canopy and under- story. While one of the obvious factors which might attract the larvae to the understory is the presence of cool moist places it provides for resting and pupation, the results of this study show that migrations of the larvae are considerably more complicated and a response to any one factor such as moisture. In the laboratory, larvae did not migrate toward moist sites unless some other factor was interacting with the moisture. This was difficult to see in field studies, but in the laboratory manipula- tion of single factors, both alone and against each other, the im- portance of interacting factors was demonstrated. In tr>i> conducted in darkness, young larvae exhibited a negative geo- trophism and migrated upward. Both food and moisture were encountered when they were located at the top of test cylinders. However, when food and moisture were at the bottom, the larvae migrated away from them unless light was added to the bottom. Then the larvae migrated toward the light, overcoming their negative geotrophism. Thus, it was shown that the upward surge of young larvae was a summation of the reactions to these two factors and that light was the stronger of the two. Complications arose, however, as the definitive responses which Lxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239 the young larvae exhibited were lost by older larvae. The late instar larvae no longer migrated upward in the dark and lost their positive phototrophism. Essentially there was a reversal of the earlier reactions which resulted in downward movement of larvae. At the present time it is not clear if this was a result of a loss of negative geotrophism and the development of an avoidance of light, or whether the larvae developed an avoidance reaction to the heat which was associated with the light. In 1930 cle Lepiney described the stimulation of resting larvae by direct sunlight. This movement resembled an avoidance reac- tion similar to the activity exhibited in the present experiments by late instar larvae in test cylinders, and to the activity ob- served in field experiments where the avoidance of light was associated with larvae migrating down out of the trees. There is a possibility that an additional factor is involved a "hunger drive" brought about by heat from the sun increasing the meta- bolic activity of the larvae. Further study is necessary of the influence of heat and light on the movement of late instar larvae to determine which factor or factors elicits their avoidance reac- tion and downward migration. The observation of Bess ct al. (1947) that larvae did not migrate down from the forest canopy where there was no moist understory is not explained in this study. However, it is suggested that the change in response of older larvae may be involved. Therefore, the entire story of migration by gypsy moth larvae is not settled and further study is necessary. SUMMARY Laboratory tests were conducted in which the manipulation of plastic cylinders was utilized to determine the effect of food, moisture, light and geotrophism on migratory activity of gypsy moth larvae. Food was encountered primarily in the process of migration stimulated by these factors and the larvae exhibited no indication of being attracted by it alone. Likewise, no attraction or tendency of the larvae to migrate toward moisture could be observed in laboratory experiments except, as in the case with food, when the larvae were responding to the influence 240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 of other factors. Early instar larvae exhibited the strong photo- trophic response described by Forbush and Fernald and the negative geotrophic reaction reported by deLepiney. However, in both field and laboratory tests the migratory movements of late instar larvae appeared quite different from those of young larvae. For this reason, it is necessary to consider larval age and the influence of interacting factors when larval migratory activity is under study. REFERENCES CITED BESS, H. A., SPURR, S. H., and E. W. LITTLEFIELD. 1947. Forest site conditions and the gypsy moth. Harvard Forest Bull. No. 22, 1-56. DELEPINEY, J. 1930. Contribution a 1'etude du complex biologique de Lymantria dispar. Bull. 23, Memoirs Soc. Nat. Sci. Morocco. May 15, 1930. FORBUSH, E. H., and C. H. FERNALD. 1896. The gypsy moth. State Board of Agriculture. Boston, Mass. 495 pp. An Unusual Occurrence of Rhinoceros Beetles, (Scarabaeidae Dynastes tityus Linn.) By DAVID L. WRAY, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. The following record of occurrence in considerable numbers of the Rhinoceros beetle (Dynastes tityus Linn.) seems worthy of note. Recently a male and female rhinoceros beetle were received at the State Museum from Mr. Wade Lewis, a student of entomology, who collected them at Thurmond, Surry County, North Carolina on March 10, 1959, "in an old rotten stump of an oak tree." The unusual thing about this is that 62 adults were found in the one stump, the sexual ratio being 31 males and 31 females. Literature on this beetle reveals little in re- gard to population numbers and sex ratios. I have never found over one or two specimens of this beetle at any one time in all the years of my collecting. Thurmond, North Carolina, is sit- uated on the eastern slope of the base of the Blue Ridge Moun- tains and hardwoods abound in this area favoring a good habitat for Dynastes. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 241 Collembola from Japan. II. Isotominae ' By HAROLD GEORGE SCOTT - This paper records four species of springtail insects collected by Captain John E. Scanlon 3 while with the 406th Medical General Laboratory (U. S. Army) in Japan. None has been recorded previously from Japan. Specimens will be deposited with the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania. Isotoma maritima forma maritima Tullberg, 1871 The Japanese specimens agree with the original description and with the redescriptions by Schott (1893) and Agren (1903). JAPANESE RECORDS. From rodent nests (7-iii-1952, Tokyo; and 19-iii-1952, Akabane), Honshu, by J. E. Scanlon. DISTRIBUTION. Form maritima: Japan, northern Europe (seashores), southern Europe (caves), Costa Rica (caves). Form pseud omaritnna, Stach, 1947 : central and southern Europe (moss, under bark, under stones). Isotoma viridis Bourlet, 1839 This species, extremely variable in body color, has been divided into ten color forms (summarized by Stach, 1947). Based upon my experience, both in this and other studies, such a division is not valid. For example, each of the two Japanese collections contain f. viridis; f. arctica Schott, 1893; and f. pallida Nicolet, 1841. Dr. Harry D. Pratt (same address as author) suggests that f. pallida represents individuals which have recently molted. This is supported by the fact that speci- mens of f. pallida are almost entirely white, and when mounted by techniques which leave other forms undamaged their exo- 1 Part I appeared in ENT. NEWS, 70(6) : 161-163. - Training Branch, Communicable Disease Center, Bureau of State Services, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia. 3 Medical Service Corps, U. S. Army. Present address : Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. 242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 skeletons shrink and warp. The similarity in appearance be- tween this species and Isotoma gracilliscta described from Japan by Yosii (1939) is recognized, but the Scanlon specimens are clearly /. viridis. JAPANESE RECORDS. Soil from rodent burrows (2 separate collections), 23-X-1952, Shizuoka, Subashiri, Honshu, by J. E. Scanlon. DISTRIBUTION. Eurasia (Japan to France, Spitzbergen to Malta), Iceland, Greenland, North America (Alaska to Mex- ico, Nova Scotia to California). Usually under objects on ground ; in humus, grass, or moss ; or atop snow. Folsomia octoculata Handschin, 1925 Only one individual of this species is present in the Scanlon collections, but it agrees with the original description. JAPANESE RECORD. Berlese funnel sample of soil from bamboo grove in woods, 677 meters altitude, 20-vi-1952, Beppu, Oita Ken, Kyushu, by J. E, Scanlon. DISTRIBUTION. Japan, India, Indonesia. Folsomia decemoculata Stach, 1946 Only one individual of this species is present in the Scanlon collections, but it agrees with the original description. JAPANESE RECORD. Soil from rodent burrow, 23-X-1952, Shizuoka, Subashiri, Honshu, by J. E. Scanlon. DISTRIBUTION : Japan, Europe. Key references to Japanese Isotominae are : Borner, 1909 : Folsom, 1899; Stach/ 1947; Yosii, 1939, 1953. SUMMARY Isotoma maritima f. martima, I. viridis, Folsomia octoculata, and F. decemoculata are recorded for the first time from Japan. The invalidity of denning color forms of /. viridis is discussed. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 243 JAPANESE SUMMARY (By Dr. Nobuo Sakurai, Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, University of Chiba, Chiba, Japan.) maritima f . maritima Isotoma vlridls *t ) ^Si i ' Folsomla decemoculata *. Folsomla octoculata t viridis REFERENCES CITED AGREN, H. 1903. Stett. ent. Zeit., 64: 113-176. BORNER, C. 1909. Sitz. Ges. naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 2: 99-135. BOURLET, A. 1839. Mem. Soc. Sci. Agr. Lille, 1 : 377^17. FOLSOM, J. 1899. Proc. American Acad. Arts Sci., 34: 261-274. HANDSCHIN, E. 1925. Treubia, 6: 225-270. NICOLET, H. 1841. Bibl. Univ. Geneve, 32. SCHOTT, H. 1893. Kgl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 25 : 1-100. STACK, J. 1946. Acta Mus. Hist. Nat. Acad. Polska, no. 5, 40 pp. - . 1947. Acta Monogr. Mus. Hist. Nat., Polish Acad. Sci. Lett., 595 pp. TULLBERG, T. 1871. Ofv. Kgl. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., 28: 143-155. Yosn, R. 1939. Tenthredo Acta Ent., 2 : 348-392. - . 1953. Annot. Zool. Japon., 26: 67-72. 244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 Obituary Professor Doctor HERMANN HAUPT of the Martin Luther University in Halle-an-der-Saale died on June 2nd, in the 86th year of his life. He was the author of important papers on Pompilidae, on which family he was a leading world authority, and certainly the most eminent in Europe. He was also a noted authority on Homoptera. A New Journal "Pacific Insects," the first issue of which has just appeared, is planned to consist of four issues per volume of at least 400 pages. It is being published by the Entomology Department, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A., and is to be the organ of the program "Zoogeography and evolution of Pacific insects," sponsored by that Department. It is intended primarily for monographs or for zoogeographical papers on insects and other terrestrial arthropods from the Pacific area, including eastern Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. It is edited by Dr. J. L. Gressitt (Editor) and an editorial committee in- cluding the names of Hardy, Lieftinck, Maa, Mackerras, Quate, Szent-Ivany, Usinger, and Yasumatsu. The editors should be consulted before submitting manuscripts, of which there should be two copies, original and carbon. Subscription, per volume, in North America $5.00, payable to the Bishop Museum (mail to Dr. Carl M. Yoshimoto), or Yen 1,700 or 1/15/6 Stg., payable to Dr. Keizo Yasumatsu, Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 245 Critical Remarks on a Recent Contribution to the Taxonomy of the Acridoidea (Orthoptera) by V. M. Dirsh By JAMES A. G. REHN and HAROLD J. GRANT, JR., Department of Insects, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia In 1956 there appeared an important paper by V. M. Dirsh on the phallic complex of the Acridoidea in relation to the taxonomy of this group. 1 The work reviews the structure and terminology of the phallic complex, describes it for each family and subfamily in the Acridoidea, figures the epiphallus of a great many genera and species and the whole phallic complex of a selected few, and erects several new families or subfamilies. After having worked with this paper since its receipt we have become aware of certain errors and misconceptions which should, we feel, be brought to the attention of others interested in the subject. The major character of this contribution should not be minimized, and it is not our intent to do so here. However, it is important that students who lack the necessary materials (i.e., comprehensive collections and libraries) to verify some of the conclusions reached, or facts presented, be made aware of some of the errors which have crept into the work. It is in the spirit of constructive criticism that we offer the following remarks. Concerning the definition of the subfamilies Acridinae (in the usual sense) and Oedipodinae there have always been areas of doubt and uncertainty. Dirsh has removed the tribe Truxalini from the Acridinae and elevates it to the rank of a subfamily. Further, he places the subfamily Oedipodinae with the remain- ing genera of the Acridinae (that is, the tribe Acridini) in one subfamily which he calls the Acridinae. These assignments are not based on genitalic characters. Indeed, both Dirsh and, much earlier, Roberts '-' point out that the Acridinae-Oedipodinae can- not be separated on the basis of differences in the phallic com- i Trans. Roy. Entom. Soc. London, 108, pp. 223-356 (1956). 'Free. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCIII, p. 225 (1941). 246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 plex. Instead, Dirsh maintains that the Acridinae (in his sense) may be separated from the Truxalinae (in his usage) by char- acters of the external morphology. Thus the Acridinae (of Dirsh) are characterized as lacking "stridulatory pegs" on the internal side of the hind femur and "in most cases" possess a "more or less well developed intercalary vein in the medial area of the elytron." The Truxalinae are said to possess the stridula- tory pegs and lack the intercalary vein. It would thus appear to the neophyte that the decades-old problem of Acridinae vs. Oedipodinae has been at last settled. But let us look further into the facts of the case. On the basis of the total of morphological characteristics it is not logical to lump the Oedipodinae with many of the genera of the Acridinae. To do so results in having forms of such diverse structure and obviously different phylogeny as Dissosteira and Acrida in the same subfamily. Nor are there characters to support such an obviously artificial system. In order for a morphological character (other than one primarily of the sexual organs) to be the sole criterion for the separation of subfamilies it should be present and evident in both sexes, and, unless it is an alar structure, should not be qualified by the degree of devel- opment of the wings. Unfortunately, the character advanced by Dirsh as the means to separate these subfamilies does not answer these requirements. For example, in the Truxalinae (sensu Dirsh) the single character advanced by Dirsh as a means of separating them from the Acridinae the presence of stridulatory pegs is absent in the females of many genera (among others Drepanopterna, Ageneotettix, Ligiirotetti.r). According to his system, then, only the males can be placed in the Truxalinae. Again, in the Acridinae the diagnostic char- acter is said to be "the absence of stridulatory pegs" and in- cluded in this subfamily is the genus Radinotatum. In fact, R. carinatum carinatum possesses stridulatory pegs in the male, but lacks them in the female. Interestingly, the unreliability of this character is demonstrated further by its variability in the same genus and species. The subspecies R. c. peninsulare lacks the stridulatory pegs in both sexes. The point at issue, Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247 as we see it, is whether great taxonomic weight can be given to a character which is sex correlated in many cases, variable- even at the subspecific level, and primarily of a functional rather than phylogenetic nature. This last point is well demonstrated by R. c. peninsular e (among several others). In this subspecies the tegmina are very short and the effectiveness of femoral teeth for stridulation, if present, would probably be nil. Again, in the genus Mecostethus (olim Stethophyma) the functional na- ture of this character is well illustrated. In this genus the nodes or asperities are developed on the intercalary and adjacent cross-veins, while the internal carina of the caudal femur is smooth, but strongly developed as a sublamellate ridge. In his key to the families based on external characters (p. 267) Dirsh makes two errors of fact in the first two alternatives given. The Proscopiidae (most of the known genera of which are before us) certainly cannot be characterized as having "hind legs almost cursorial." In 1952, Rehn 3 pointed out their salta- torial nature from personal observations of living material made in the field. Further, any casual examination of a number of proscopiid genera (such as Prose opia, Apioscelis, Epigrypa, Stiphra, Astroma) will illustrate that the caudal limbs are struc- turally saltatorial, being proximally expanded or inflated. In all respects, the caudal femora of the Proscopiidae are more definitely saltatorial in structure than those of the Pneumoridae which Dirsh separates in his key as having "Hind legs salta- torial." The second error in the key concerns the presence of Brunner's organ on the hind femora. In the category of families said to possess Brunner's organ in Dirsh's key is listed the Pneumori- dae. However, a survey of three of the four genera included in this family shows Brunner's organ to be absent. This was pointed out by Rehn in 1952 4 and we have rechecked the obser- vations he then recorded. Also included as possessing this organ is the Pyrgomorphidae (Pyrgomnrphinae of most au- 3 Entom. News, LXIII, p. 5. 4 Entom. News, LXIII. p. 8. 248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 thors), but Rehn in 1952 (vide supra, p. 8) and again in 1953 5 pointed out that it may be present or absent in species of the genus Psednura which is a member of this assemblage. In addition to these errors, certain omissions are evident. For example, in writing of the family Pauliniidae (Pauliniinae of most authors) Dirsh says (p. 248) that it ". . . includes only two South American genera." However, he mentions only Pa-ulinia leaving us to assume that the second included genus is Marellia. Again, in erecting the subfamily Euryphyminae not even the number of included genera is given. Plate 46 illus- trates 14 species of this subfamily belonging to as many different genera but whether or not these are all the genera included is not stated. The omission of an explanation for the abbreviate labels used in plate 1, figure 7, may cause considerable confu- sion. The specimen depicted in this figure is Amblyphymus rubripes (Euryphyminae) which is rare in collections. No ex- planation exists for the labels "Say" and "Sgp," but these ob- viously refer to the supra anal plate and subgenital plate, re- spectively. However, the abbreviation "Cr" used in this figure is defined in the explanation of terms (p. 226) as ''crest on the dorsal surface of the spermatophore sac (occurs in Euschmiditia of Eumastacidae)." The structures bearing this label in the figure are the cerci, but these are of such unusual form in the species of the genus Amblyphymus that the erroneous label could cause confusion. The captions of plates 51 and 61 have been reversed. Plate 51 depicts Acrida turrita while plate 61 illustrates Tni.valis nasutus. References to these plates in the text are correct, however. The geographic summaries of distribution of certain families (pp. 267, 268) are misleading and sometimes incorrect. For example, the Proscopiidae are not confined to South America (as stated), but reach Panama and Costa Rica which are definitely in Central America. The Eumastacidae do not occur over the "whole world" being absent from Europe and all but r ' "Grasshoppers and Locusts of Australia," II, p. 21. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 249 a limited portion of North America. Also it is misleading to give the distribution of the Xyronotidae as North America, when they occur only in Mexico, or to state that the Pneumori- dae occur in "Africa" when they are restricted to south and east Africa, being absent from the major part of that continent. The same is true of the Pyrgomorphinae which are really not found over the "whole world," being absent from the West Indies and the greater part of North America. Finally, it is obvious to us that much literature, especially of the last decade, has been overlooked by Dirsh. This is at- tested to by the general lack of documentation throughout the paper. It has resulted in numerous misstatements (some of which have been cited above) and may be illustrated by the following example (among the many which could be chosen). In 1906, Rehn 6 pointed out that the presence or absence of an intercalary vein, while usually a stable character, varied in the genus Scyllina (-- Rhammatocerus} , being present or absent in individuals of the same species. In some cases it was present on one tegmen of an individual while being absent from the other. Dirsh, however, places without qualification the genus Scvllina in the Truxalinae because of ". . . the absence of an intercalary vein" (p. 258). Reviews NOUVEL ATLAS D'ENTOMOLOGIE. HYMENOPTERES DE FRANCE. By L. Berland, Sous-Directeur honoraire de Labora- toire d'Entomologie, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Editions N. Boubee et Cie., Paris, 1958. Vol. 1. Tenthredes, parasites, port-aiguillon (bethylides). Vol. 2. Port-aiguillon (fin.). American naturalists may well envy those of France in the possession of such an admirable compendium of the native Hy- menoptera. No one other than its author can speak with equal knowledge and experience on those insects ; he is already the eProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, p. 41. 250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 author of several parts of the more detailed Faune de France (1925-1947) dealing with Hymenoptera, and of La Fauna de la France, Hymenopteres, 1940. One is immediately impressed by the wealth of illustrations, and in particular by the excellent water-colors of 366 species finely reproduced and assembled on 28 very glossy plates. These are the painstaking work of Miss Germaine Boca, artist on the staff of the Laboratory of Entomology. Mr. Berland tells vis that some 1100 genera and 11,000 species comprise the hymenopterous fauna of France, a richness due to the diverse climate and biotopes ranging from arctic- alpine to the hot, sandy terrain of the Mediterranean shores. It is obvious that 340 octavo pages cannot cover all these species that would require an average of some thirty species to a page. The reader who must have complete treatment will find it in the more detailed volumes above referred to. The skill of the author has successfully chosen what to include. Most species figured occur over all of France. Tables are included to all families, sometimes to subfamilies, but not to genera and species, except in the case of social wasps and bees, where ex- ceptional interest and abundance makes specific differentiations particularly desirable. The work is made readable by the in- clusion of biological data, recounted in interesting style, and it is made intelligible to those little acquainted with these insects by the diverse illustrations. The taxonomy and nomenclature, being handled by an expert authority, are up to date, but in general conservative. Yet one encounters some surprises, as, for example, in the placing of the Oryssidae at the end of the Symphyta, remote from the Siricidae, from which they stem. But this is due to the difficulty of linear arrangement, for the Apocrita in turn stem from them. Raising the Pompilidae to a superfamily (done in the text but not in the scheme of classi- fication on page 37 of volume 1 ) conceals their relationship with the Vespidae, but is perhaps necessary if the latter, the ants, the bethylids and the scoliids are each to be dealt with as a superfamily. It does not seem conservative, nor taxonomically sound, to split the Pompilidae into five families. T do not Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251 understand why the name "homonotides" has been adopted for one of these when Homotus is cited as a synonym of Weswae- linius. I also find it strange that in volume two the super- family "vespoides" is inserted between "sphecoides" and the bees, concealing the extremely close relationship between the last two groups, but again this is not done in the Table of Classification on page 37 of volume 1. The last color-plate, depicting the species of bumblebees, strikes American eyes as being especially beautiful, for some of the French species bear a richness of color which our bumblebees do not attain. J. CHESTER BRADLEY. MANUAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY by E. Melville DuPorte. Pp. xi + 224, 14 illus. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, Chapman, Hall, Ltd., London. Price $5.00. In this laboratory manual, a very competent insect morpholo- gist has given teachers of entomology the benefit of his own experience of over 40 years of teaching. The careful planning and the precise and clear language throughout make it evident that this book must indeed be the result of years of use and of gradual perfecting. There is a total of 19 chapters, in which each region or organ system is taken up in turn, and its morphology thoroughly gone into. In most chapters, to stimulate interest, there is first pro- vided information on the origin and development of the region or system and a summary of pertinent morphological theory ; after which follow careful, exact directions for practical study by means of dissections, and, for internal organs, by microscopic study of sectioned material. In each case, not one but a number of representative insects are used. Thus, in the study of the abdominal segments (taken up bcjorc the thorax and head), for example, seven different species are employed. Here, too, the muscles are considered, as exemplified by those of the cricket abdomen. For the thorax, only four species are studied, a stonefly, a grasshopper, a cricket, and, as an example of a specialized form, the crane-fly. Attention is given to the mor- 252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1959 phological interpretation of the pleura and to the internal skele- ton. There follow shorter chapters on the wings, legs, and genitalia. Finally, the first main region, the head, is taken up, and it is followed by chapters on the two chief types of mouth parts, and one on the integument. The histology and molting of the latter are studied by means of sectioned material. The remaining one-third of the book is given to the study of the morphology and histology of the internal organ systems as seen in dissections and in histological sections. Chapter 18, for example, devotes 15 pages to the nervous system, including de- tailed instructions for dissection of the brain, stomodaeal sys- tem, and the incretory organs of the head, as well as for histo- logical study. There is no doubt that Professor DuPorte amply succeeded in his objectives which, as stated in the preface, are : to give the student a reasonably balanced foundation in the elements of insect morphology, and, to enable the student to work intelli- gently with a minimum of assistance from the instructor. Finally, the arrangement is such that, in actual use by students, it is an easy matter to select exercises to fit the length of the course and still provide a good cross section of the subject matter, or to reduce the requirements as to drawings in the mat- ter of number and preciseness of detail. R. G. SCHMIEDER. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3. PENNSYLVANIA Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Neorembus, Isorembus), Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus} and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, Baudia) are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. insect 5 Have you paid your subscription? January and subsequent issues for 1960 positively not mailed unless subscription has been paid. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DECEMBER 1959 Vol. LXX No. 10 CENTENNIAL YEAR THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 18591959 CONTENTS Jangi Taxonomy of Scolopendra morsitans 253 De Leon Two new genera of Phytoseiid mites 257 Obraztsov Archips rileyanus and A. cerasivoranus 263 Indexes and title page to Volume LXX 269 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $5.00 domestic; $5.30 foreign; $5.15 Canada. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. Q.fl. MAfL, M- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : H. J. GRANT, JR., E. J. F. MARX, M. E. 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Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. 13-16 pp. 17-20 pp. Coven 50 $3.95 $6.33 $ 9.89 $10.28 $13.44 $4.31 100 4.74 7.51 11.86 12.65 16.21 5.89 Add'l 100 1.58 2.36 3.94 4.74 5.54 3.16 Plates printed one side: First 50, $3.15; Additional 100's, $2.37. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXX DECEMBER, 1959 No. 10 Further Notes on the Taxonomy of the Centipede Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus (Scolopendridae) By B. S. JANGI, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Nagpur, India In a discussion of the possible taxonomic status of the two variants 'A' and 'B' of the centipede, Scolopendra morsitans Linn, from Nagpur, I suggested that they might be two differ- ent species : x this suggestion was based on certain differences between them, seen to be invariably present, e.g., color-pattern, average body-size at maturity and a number of correlated mor- phological characters without any visible intergradation. Ob- servations recorded by me subsequently on their breeding habits, 2 behavior, 3 and ecological requirements 4 do now seem to justify the splitting of this famous Linnaean species. Linnaeus included Scolopendra under "Insecta Aptera" in the tenth edition of his monumental "Systema Naturae" pub- lished in 1758 5 and mentioned the following characters of Scolopendra morsitans: Pedibus utrinque XX. Oculi utrinque quaterni. Articuli corporis 22, antennarum 20. It is impossible to identify the species on the basis of this meager description. Newport in his paper published in 1844 6 tells us that very few of the myriapods were known to Linnaeus and many of those few were confounded by him under a single name. This certainly would seem to be true at least in respect of his Scolopendra morsitans as substantiated by an extremely interesting remark of Newport who after examining the speci- (253) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 mens from the Linnaean cabinet wrote in 1845 : 7 "I have not a doubt . . . that Linnaeus included several species of nearly the same size under the common name of Scolopcndra mor- sitans. ..." Attems, in his revisional monograph on Scolopendromorpha published in 1930, 8 catalogued several species names as synony- mous with 5". morsitans Linn. A perusal of the literature re- ferred to in Attems' catalogue shows that after the publication of the account of this species by Linnaeus, it has been repeatedly described under the same or different names by various authors on Chilopoda, on the basis of specimens collected from a num- ber of localities in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Ob- viously, there is a very wide range of variation in respect to several characters enumerated by Attems under the name Scolopcndra morsitans Linn., and there can hardly be any doubt that in a revisional monograph such an account had naturally to be a composite one based on the descriptions mostly poor given by various authors who had dealt with specimens from distant localities all over the tropical and sub-tropical world. Attems included many species in the synonymy of S. morsi- tans purely on speculation since it was impossible to refer them to the Linnaean morsitans on the basis of their original de- scriptions which were too poor to be of any taxonomic value. However, in some cases he was guided by the characters of anal legs, e.g., the secondary sexual character displayed by them and three rows of spines on the underside of their prefemora. Attems regarded the secondary sexual characters of the anal legs as the specific character of Scolopcndra morsitans Linnaeus. These, in my opinion, are the characters of supraspecific level in the sense that they may be present in more than one species of the same genus. I have already pointed out that the pres- ence or absence of the tarsal spur on the twentieth pair of walking legs is the most important character separating the two local variants in question 9 and as such should be regarded as the specific character but unfortunately a majority of the authors mentioned with reference to 5\ morsitans in the Attems' cata- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 255 logue ignored this character and hence it is impossible to find out from their descriptions whether their material consisted of specimens with or without this tarsal spur. Consequently, one is placed at a great disadvantage in ascribing their descriptions to one or the other of the two variants. This character was referred for the first time by Haase in 1887 10 but his account of 5". morsitans was obviously based on a heterogeneous material and so was subsequently Kraepelin's published in 1903. 11 The latter author, however, again described S\ morsitans in 1908 12 and gave an account based on the collections from South- West Australia. His description apparently deals with a reasonably homogeneous material as would appear from his observation : "Der Tarsalsporn war am 20. Beinpaar bei alien westaustra- lichen Exemplaren wohlenwickelt ; nur bei einem Exemplar fehlte er einerseits." Excepting this single aberrant specimen showing the tarsal spur on one side only, the material dealt with by Kraepelin appears fairly homogeneous in respect of the tarsal spur. I think that Kraepelin's material from South- West Australia in no case represents more than one species. Whether or not it is 5\ morsitans of Linnaeus could only be decided if it is proved that Linnaeus had definitely designated a specimen as the type and above all, if the latter was still available and until these issues are finally settled, it seems to me that the best course would be to treat the variant 'B' as Scolopendra morsitans since under this name we come across, for the first time, an adequate description of what can be, with reasonable accuracy, called a species. 12 The species Scolopendra morsitans should, for the time being, be attributed to Linnaeus. Thus, the local variant 'A' which does not carry the tarsal spur on the twen- tieth pair of walking legs and which obviously represents a different species, must have a name. Attems recorded in 1930 13 6". morsitans Linn, from Angola and treated the specimens as belonging to a new variety which he named fasciata and which undoubtedly agrees with the variant 'A.' Although Attems did not categorically state in his paper whether he regarded fasciata as a subspecies or an infra-subspecific variant it is 256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 patently clear that he treated it as a form of the latter rank because in his monograph on Scolopendromorpha published during the same year just prior to the publication of his de- scription of fasciata, he has distinctly treated the category "variety" belonging to a level lower than that of the subspecinc realm. Since the form fasciata represents a new species, its variety name, i.e., Scolopendra morsitans var. fasciata, could now be elevated to the specific rank but it could rank in its new status Scolopendra fasciata only from the date on which it is so elevated. 14 The subspecies, Scolopendra morsitans ainasonica, described on the basis of specimens from Brazil by Biicherl in 1946 15 represents the same species as the variant 'A' and the form jasciata all being without tarsal spur on the twentieth pair of walking legs. As such, Scolopendra morsitans amasonica Biicherl, 1946 when raised to a specific status Scolopendra amazonica Bucherl, 1946 will have priority over Scolopendra fasciata, the latter not having been elevated to the specific rank prior to 1946. Hence, Scolopendra amasonica Bucherl is, under the circumstances, the appropriate name for the variant 'A.' The subspecific treatment of Scolopendra morsitans Linn, and Scolopendra amasonica Bucherl is proposed to be undertaken later. I should like to place on record my sincere gratitude to Drs. Ralph E. Crabill, M. A. Moghe and S. M. H. Khatib for very kindly reading through the manuscript. My thanks are due to Drs. J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson and G. Owen Evans for making inquiries, on my behalf, in connection with the type of the Linnaean ,S\ morsitans. ADDENDUM Since this paper was submitted for publication, Mr. C. R. Puttanna, who has been working on the cytology of the two variants 'A' and 'B' of Scolopendra morsitans Linn, at the Col- lege of Science, Nagpur, and Central College, Bangalore, has been able to detect interesting cytological differences between them. The details are being worked out and will be published in due course. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 257 REFERENCES 1. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, VIII, p. 604 (1955). 2. Ibidem, X, p. 239 (1957). 3. Bull. Zool. Soc. Coll. Sci. Nag., I, p. 17 (1958). 4. Ibidem, II, pp. 73-75 (1959). 5. Systema Naturae, I, p. 638 (1758). 6. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 94 (1844). 7. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIX, p. 385 (1845). 8. Das Tierreich, lief. 54, pp. 23-24 (1930). 9. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, p. 605 (1955). 10. Abh. Mus. Dresden, V, p. 53 (1887). 11. Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, XX, pp. 250-253 (1903). 12. Fauna Siidwest-Australiens, II, pp. 123-124 (1908). 13. Rev. Suisse. Zool., XXXVII, p. 372 (1930). 14. Methods and Principles of Systematic Zoology, p. 257 (1953). 15. Mem. Inst. Butantan, XVI, pp. 135-138 (1946). Two New Genera of Phytoseiid Mites with a Note on Proprioseius meridionalis Chant ( Acarina : Phytoseiidae) By DONALD DE LEON, Erwin, Tennesee In general, phytoseiids are fast moving, wide ranging mites and are not found in colonies. The habits of the two species described below differ in these respects they are rather sluggish and are gregarious. One species lives in close colonies within flowers, the other in loose colonies between flower heads. I have been unable to determine what the mites feed on, but believe A. hebetis may feed on pollen. In the following descriptions all measurements are in microns. ANTHOSEIUS, n. gen. Phytoseiids with short, setiform, smooth setae, except last lateral which is expanded at tip ; with five pairs of anterolateral setae; with dorsal shield postad rounding over sides and rear 258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 of hysterosoma, and with the peritremata very coarse. Larva with a pair of short setae enlarged at tips on posterior dorsal shield and without a posterior pair of long whip-like setae; protonymph with an anterior and a posterior dorsal shield ; legs of both proto- and deutonymph without macrosetae, and legs of all stages very short and stout. Type of genus : Anthoseius hebetis, n. sp. Anthoseius most closely resembles Typhlodromus s. sir., but differs from that genus chiefly in having peritremata very coarse, the last lateral seta expanded at tip, and the larva without a posterior pair of long whip-like setae. Anthoseius hebetis, n. sp. FEMALE: Dorsal shield convex (more strongly postad), 325- 344 long, 180-201 wide (three specimens), widest at about L8, indistinctly imbricate, rather strongly sclerotized, light brown in color and with ten lateral (five anterolateral), two median, and six dorsal pairs of setae. L1-L10 11 to 19 long, L3 the shortest, L10 the longest; most of the setae about 15 long, all setae distinctly shorter than distance between their bases; L10 simple with tip enlarged; Ml 11, M2 15 long (sim- ple) ; D1-D5 11-14 long; SI 15, S2 13 long. Sternal shield with two pairs of setae; genital shield 78 wide near posterior margin; ventrianal shield with sides concave, 101 long, 69 wide near anterior margin and 77 wide at a level slightly anterior of anus, with three pairs of preanal setae and a pair of small pores all normally arranged (the shape of the ventrianal shield varies considerably, rarely approaching bilateral symmetry) ; two pairs of metapodal shields, the primary 34 long, about 5 wide, the accessory 16 long, about 2 wide; four pairs of interscutal setae including VL1 which is 18 long and six pairs of platelets border- ing the ventrianal shield. Peritremata extending forward to about level of LI and very coarse (about 7 wide), the shield extending back around coxa IV as a large blunt hook. Mov- able digit with a small subapical tooth, some specimens with a minute tooth proximal of subapical tooth ; fixed digit with a Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259 blunt subapical tooth and a smaller tooth between it and pilus dentilis. Legs heavy, short, and without macrosetae ; tarsus IV, excluding pretarsus, 55 long. MALE: Resembles female; dorsal shield 250 long, 135 wide (three specimens) ; ventrianal shield with three to five (usually five) pairs of preanal setae and three pairs of faint pores. Sper- matophore bearer about 30 long, slightly curved, with a slight twist, and tapering gradually towards tip, tip slightly flared. LARVA : Idiosoma 195 long. Anterior dorsal shield with nine pairs of setae (4 laterals, 1 median and 4 dorsals) normally ar- ranged, the four laterals and Dl of about the same lengths (L2 10 long) and longer than the others (D2 5 long). Posterior dorsal shield with one pair of setae enlarged at tips and about 30 long. One pair of preanal setae and a pair of pores about 2 l /2 times the length of the preanals anterolateral of them; no lateroventral or posteroventral setae ; anal shield with a pair of minute pores anterolateral of paraanals. Movable digit with- out teeth; fixed digit with small knob near base of terminal hook. Legs without macrosetae. PROTONYMPH : Idiosoma 226 long. Anterior dorsal shield with nine pairs of setae arranged as for larva and with a tenth pair of setae just off the shield at its posterolateral angles; SI off shield between the third and fourth lateral setae. Two pairs of setae (apparently L7 and D5) on the interscutal membrane between the anterior and posterior dorsal shields, S2 slightly anterolateral of L7. Five pairs of setae on the posterior dorsal shield (L8, L9, L10, D6, and M2) M2 at side between L8 and L9; L8 and L10 with tips enlarged. Peritremata coarse, ex- tending forward to a point about even with fourth lateral seta. Three pairs of intercoxal setae. Four pairs of setae and some- times two pairs of shieldlets bordering anal shield. Anal shield with a pair of pores as for larva. Movable digit with a trace of a tooth, fixed digit with teeth as for adult but not as devel- oped. Legs without macrosetae. DEUTONYMPH : Dorsal shield 285 long with setae as for adult, L8 and L10 with tips enlarged ; L10 about 21 long. Peritre- mata coarse, extending forward to a point about even with L2. 260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 Five pairs of intercoxal setae. Seven pairs of setae and four pairs of shieldlets surrounding anal shield. Legs without macrosetae. Holotype : Female, Key Largo, FLORIDA, December 6, 1958 (D. De Leon), from within the flower of Heliotropium parvi- florwn. Paratypes: Four males, four females, same data as for holotype. This mite colonizes a single flower, all stages occurring within the throat. The throat of the flower is about a millimeter in diameter and two millimeters long. I have taken 35 mites from four flowers. When collected the mites were covered with pollen. This might be partly caused by disturbance when col- lecting them, but as the flowers appeared to be uninjured and no other arthropods were observed within or on the outside of the flowers, it seems quite possible that these mites were feeding on the pollen. PHYLLODROMUS, n. gen. Phytoseiids with dorsal shield smooth to faintly imbricate; with most of the lateral setae and M2 gradually enlarged to- wards the tips and with the tips abruptly constricted; with all setae simple, and with six pairs of dorsal setae. Peritremata very wide. Larva without a pair of long whip-like setae ; proto- nymph with two dorsal shields, and legs of all stages without macrosetae. Type of genus : Phyllodromus leiodis, n. sp. Phyllodromus resembles Asperoseius Chant and Proprioseius Chant in having club-shaped lateral setae, but the club-shaped lateral setae of those two genera are strongly serrate, moreover they have five pairs of dorsal setae. Phyllodromus leiodis, n. sp. FEMALE: Dorsal shield smooth to faintly imbricate, 335-362 long, 162-193 wide (seven specimens), with nine lateral (four anterolateral), two median, and six dorsal pairs of setae; except for L5, those of the lateral series and Dl, SI, and S2 slightly club-shaped and abruptly constricted at tips, L5 and the re- Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 261 maining setae of the dorsal shield slender and tapering from bases to tips; all setae smooth. The lengths of these setae follow : LI 29, L2 34, L3 29-36, L4 36-45, L5 18, L6 40, L7 26, L8 27, L9 52; Dl 16, D2 16, D3 14, D4 18, D5 14, D6 8; Ml 11, M2 46; SI 31, S2 29. L1-L3 about as long as distance to base of seta next behind. Peritremata coarse (about 7 wide), extending forward to about level of LI, the shield extending round behind coxa IV and forming a blunt hook. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae, the posteriormost pair set on small angular- shaped projections which in some specimens are cut off from the sternal shield, posterior margin of shield evenly, shallowly concave in middle two thirds and abruptly recessed at sides; genital shield 70 wide near base ; ventrianal shield constricted behind posterior pair of preanals, 105-115 long, 65 wide near anterior margin and scarcely wider at level of anus, with two pairs of preanal setae and without pores ; two pairs of metapodal shields, the primary 41 long, about 3.6 wide, the accessory 18 long, about 2 wide. A pair of setae between genital and ventri- anal shields and four pairs of interscutal setae, including VL1 which is 29 long and shaped like L9, bordering ventrianal shield laterad. Fixed digit with pihis dentilis and four teeth (exclud- ing terminal hook), the distal and proximal ones bidentate; movable digit with two minute teeth. Legs rather short but slender and without macrosetae; leg IV from base of coxa to end of claw 270 long ; tarsus IV, excluding pretarsus, 72 long. MALE: Dorsal shield 293-322 long (two specimens) ; resem- bles female in chaetotactic pattern, but Dl, L7, L8, and VL1 tapering from bases to tips. Ventrianal shield with four to six (usually six) pairs of preanals and without pores. Spermato- phoral process L-shaped with tip of foot bent away from body, shaft 19 long, foot 12 long. Primary and accessory metapodal shields coalesced. LARVA: Idiosoma 181 long. Except for possibly LI, lateral setae and D4 of anterior dorsal shield with tips expanded; posterior dorsal shield with a single pair of setae, 56 long, rather coarse, and with tips expanded. Posteroventral setae 30 and 34 long and with tips expanded. Legs without macrosetae. 262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 PROTONYMPH : Idiosoma 208 long, with an anterior and a posterior dorsal shield ; anterior shield with four lateral, one median and four dorsal pairs of setae; posterior shield with three pairs of lateral setae and pairs M2 and D6, the posterior- most lateral seta 26 long ; three pairs of setae in membrane be- tween the two shields and three pairs of shieldlets, the anterior- most the largest; SI and S2 present. Legs without macrosetae. DEUTONYMPH : Idiosoma 302 long; resembles adult, with most of the lateral setae coarse, but tapering slightly from bases to tips. Seven pairs of setae, including VL1, surrounding anal shield, all but VL1 very short. Holotype : Female, Miami, FLORIDA, September 20, 1958 (D. De Leon), from Waltheria americana. Paratypes: One male, four females, two nymphs, February 4, 1959, other data as for holotype. Specimens have also been taken from the same plant species in Everglades National Park and on Key Largo in March 1959. The mite occurs in numbers in among the flower heads which form dense clusters along the stem. The holotypes of these two species are in the author's collec- tion. Paratypes will be deposited in the University of Florida Collections, Gainesville. Proprioseius meridionalis Chant 1957 P. meridionalis described from four adults collected from Psycho tria at Homestead, Florida in 1949 is a common mite in Everglades National Park having been taken from Guettarda scabra, Pluchea odorata, and a malvaceous plant. It was also found in numbers on Dryopteris and on Trema floridana grow- ing along the highway to the Keys about five miles south of Florida City. I have not collected it on the Keys, but to the north have taken it on Callicarpa americana at Coral Gables. The larva has a posterior pair of long whip-like setae, the proto- nymph an anterior and a posterior dorsal shield. LITERATURE CITED CHANT, D. A. 1957. Descriptions of two new phytoseiid genera (Aca- rina: Phytoseiidae), with a note on Phytoseius Ribaga, 1902. Canad. Ent, 89 (8) : 357-363. Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263 Characters Separating Archips rileyanus and cerasi- voranus as Two Species (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) By NICHOLAS S. OBRAZTSOV x The two North American tortricid species, Archips rileyanns (Grote) and A. cerasivoranus (Fitch), have a great external resemblance to each other, and rather similar bionomics. This circumstance gave Freeman (1958, pp. 21-22) the reason for treating them recently as two subspecies of one species which intergrade one with the other in intermediate zones of their range. The. present author cannot approve this point of view since there are some important differences in morphology of the imaginal and larval stages of rileyanns and cerasivoranus, which it is quite difficult to explain by an intraspecific variation. The following lines show the most important characters distinguish- ing these two species. The figures of the genitalia are given in a generic revision of the Nearctic Tortricidae, prepared by the present author for publication. The data on the larvae were gathered from the paper of Peterson (1948, pp. 174175). Their chaetotaxy has been described on the basis of Peterson's figures, under application of the terminology of Gerasimov (1952), used recently by Swatschek (1958) for the Tortricidae. Archips rileyanus (Grote) Cacoecia jervidana Walker, 1863, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects, pt. 28, p. 313. Type locality: Georgia (lectotype, male without abdomen, and lectoallotype, female; British Museum). Subjective homonym of Archips jervidanus (Clemens, 1860). Tortrix rileyana Grote, 1868, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 121 ; Robinson, 1869, ibid., vol. 2, p. 271, pi. 4, fig. 28; Riley, 1869, Rept. Insects Missouri, vol. 1, p. 153, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4. Type locality: America (the type specimen is probably lost). Tortrix (Lo.votaenia) rileyana Zeller, 1875, Verhandl. zool.- bot. Gesell. Wien, vol. 25, p. 221. 1 Research fellow of the American Museum of Natural History. This work has been done under the auspices of the National Science Foundation. 264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 Lozotaenia rileyana Walshingham, 1879, Illustrations of typi- cal specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera, vol. 4, p. 9. Cacoecia rileyana Fernald, 1882, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 11 ; Grote, 1882, New check list of North American moths, p. 57, no. 35. Archips rileyana Fernald, 1903 (1902), Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 52, p. 479, no. 5361; Forbes, 1924 (1923), Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Mem. 68, p. 496; Peterson, 1948, Larvae of insects, vol. 1, pp. 174175, figs. L 32, H to J. Homona rileyana Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidoptero- rum catalogus, pt. 10, p. 14; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insec- torum, fasc. 149, p. 19. Hornona fervid-ana Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 175, no. 7283; McDunnough, 1939, Mem. Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 55, no. 7310. Archips carasivoranus [sic!] rilcyanus Freeman, 1958, Ca- nadian Ent., vol. 90, Suppl. 7, p. 22. Archips ccrasivoranus rileyanus Freeman, 1958, ibid., vol. 90, Suppl. 7, p. 80, figs. 115, 116. MOTH : Forewings with veins R 4 and R-, connate or stalked ; vein Cu, often from slightly before the lower angle of middle cell. Their ground-color ocherous-orange, sometimes slightly suffused with grayish brown to mallow-pink. Pattern of small, brown spots arranged in transverse rows arched outward. Basal row of three or four spots at the distal part of the first quarter of forewing. Middle row, shortly before the middle of forewing, of a larger costal spot and some further, smaller spots from the lower part of middle cell to dorsum. Submarginal row of a small costal spot and some further dots from the third quarter of costa to the upper part of tornus. Terminal row of small dots, parallel to the former, half-way between it and wing apex. Sometimes some more little dots along costa and at wing apex, forming no rows. None of the above spots overcrosses the veins, although some of the spots are slightly elongated longitudinally. Some of the spots often paler than the others, obliterate, or missing. Franges concolorous with wings. Length of the forewing 10 to 15 mm. Hind wings orange; franges concolorous. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 265 MALE GENITALIA: Uncus somewhat dilated at base, then more or less narrowed and dilated again at tip. Middle process of gnathos broad in basal two-thirds and abruptly narrowed distad. Distal process of sacculus rather thin, forming with its base a triangle lying down. FEMALE GENITALIA : Signum moderate, pointed. LARVA : Full grown larva greenish yellow with a near black head, a deep brown to black cervical shield, deep brown to black anal plate, thoracic legs and prolegs, and conspicuous, brown to black pinacula about all setae. Microspines numerous, pig- mented in folds of cuticle. Length of the body about 23 mm. All teeth of the mandibles blunt; no additional tooth below the first lateral one. Metathorax with setae I and II almost on the same level; Ilia dorsocraniad from III; V ventro- craniad from IV. Fourth abdominal segment with two setae (III and Ilia) dorsad from stigma; seta IV ventrocraniad from V, both of them almost directly ventrad from stigma ; seta VI dorsad from proleg. RANGE: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, North Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, Washington, California. Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) Lozotaenia cerasivorana Fitch, 1856, Trans. New York State Agr. Soc., vol. 16, p. 382, pi. 2, fig. 3 ; 1859, Nox. Insects New York, p. 64, pi. 2, fig. 3; Riley, 1893, Insect life, vol. 5, p. 351. Type locality: State of New York (the type specimen is probably lost). Tortrix cerasivorana Robinson, 1869, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 2, p. 275, pi. 6, fig. 47. Tortri.i- (Cacoecia} c erasivorana Zeller, 1875, Verhandl. zool.- bot. Gesell. Wien, vol. 25, p. 217. Cacoecia cerasivorana Fernald, 1882, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 10, p. 11 ; Grote, 1882, New check list of North American moths, p. 57, no. 34; Riley, 1890, Insect life, vol. 3, p. 308; Dyar, 1894, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 8, p. 206; Lugger, 1899 (1898), Fourth Ann. Rept. Ent. State Exp. Sta. Univ. Minnesota, p. 228, fig. 212, pi. 8, fig. 212; Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 10, p. 20; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 149, p. 25 ; Barnes and 266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 McDunnough, 1917, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, p. 177, no. 7349. Archips cerasivorana Fernald, 1903 (1902), Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 52, p. 479, no. 5360 ; Holland, 1903, Moth book, p. 422, pi. 48, fig. 21 ; Mosher, 1916, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist, vol. 12, pp. 55, 58; Forbes, 1924 (1923), Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta, Mem. 68, p. 496; McDunnough, 1939, Mem. Southern California Acad. Sci, vol. 2, p. 56, no. 7384; Peter- son, 1948, Larvae of insects, vol. 1, pp. 174175, figs. L 32, E to G; Craighead, 1950 (1949), U. S. Dept. Agr, Misc. Publ, no. 657, p. 477. Archips cerasivoranus Freeman, 1958, Canadian Ent, vol. 90, Suppl. 7, p. 21, figs. 15, 64, 113, 114. MOTH : Forewings with veins R 4 and R 5 separate ; vein from the lower angle of middle cell. Their ground-color och- erous-orange suffused with brown, crossed by pinkish trans- verse lines or irregular areas with a silky gloss. Basal quarter of forewing either completely dark brown or outlined by a dark brown line divided sometimes in spots, or not indicated by any sign. Costa before the middle and between this latter and wing apex with two large, more or less dark, brown spots. Some- times small, dark, broad costal dots or short lines in the inter- spaces of the above large spots and between the outer of them and wing apex. A large, subquadrate, dark brown spot below the distal part of middle cell, and a vertical, linear spot above dorsum at tornus. A rather narrow, pale brown line from the outer, larger, costal spot to the upper part of tornus. Occa- sionally, some brownish spots or dots in other wing areas, or, some or all of the spots are lacking. Franges orange, paler than the ground of forewings. Length of the forewing 8 to 13 mm. Hindwings orange, usually suffused by brown, especially dorsad from middle cell; franges paler than the wing ground. MALE GENITALIA : Uncus almost equally broad from base to tip. Middle process of gnathos narrowed gradually from base to tip. Distal process of sacculus rather thick, forming together with its base an erect triangle. FEMALE GENITALIA : Signum large, blunt. LARVA: Full grown larva yellowish with a black head and near black or dark brown cervical shield, anal plate, lateral areas Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267 on anal prolegs, and two pinacula on prothorax. No distinct pinacula on remaining segments. Microspines on cuticle incon- spicuous, light colored. Length of the body about 15 mm. Mandibles with all lateral teeth more or less distinctly pointed, and with a small, additional tooth on oral surface immediately below the first lateral tooth. Metathorax with seta II distinctly ventrocraniad from I ; Ilia dorsocaudad from III ; V directly ventrad from IV. Fourth abdominal segment with only one seta (III) dorsad from stigma; seta IV distinctly ventrocraniad from V, both of them ventrocraniad from stigma ; seta VI dorsocaudad from proleg. RANGE: Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatschewan, British Columbia; Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, District of Columbia, Mississippi, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, California. REFERENCES FREEMAN, T. N. 1958. The Archipinae of North America (Lepido- ptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Ent., vol. 90, Supple. 7, 89 pp., 258 figs. GERASIMOV, A. M. 1952. Fauna SSSR. Nasekomye cheshuekrylye, vol 1, fasc. 2. Gusenitsy, pt. 1 [Fauna of the USSR. Insecta Lepidop- tera, Caterpillars]. Moscow and Leningrad, 338 pp., 140 figs. PETERSON, A. 1948. Larvae of insects. An introduction to Nearctic species. Pt. 1 : Lepidoptera and plant infesting Hymenoptera. Co- lumbus, Ohio, (3) +315 pp., 14 + 58+12 figs. SWATSCHEK, B. 1958. Die Larvalsystematik der Wickler (Tortricidae und Carposinidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der In- sekten, no. 3. Berlin, 269 pp., 276 figs. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when neces- sary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Bembicini and Stizini (Hym., Sphec.) of New World wanted for revis. study. Will return upon request or at end of project. James E. Gillaspy, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. Texas, Austin 12, Texas. Agapema galbina. Will exchange cocoons of this moth for nature books. E. Frizzell, Route 4, Box 96, San Benito, Texas. Tenebrionidae of the World wanted, in exchange for insects of Argen- tina and neighboring countries. Horacio J. Molinari, Av. Lib. Gral. San Martin 55, Acassuso (Buenos Aires), Rep. Argentina. Butterflies. Wish to exchange specimens for Japanese species. Please write to Ichiro Nakamura (Boy, age 16), 26 Aza-Nichiyama Obayashi Takarazuka-shi, Hyogo-Ken, Japan. Phasmidae of nearctic area desired alive. Purchase or trade, drawing on large stock of major orders, worldwide. Domminck J. Pirone, Dept. Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Nitidulidae and Rhizophagidae wanted in exchange for European bee- tles of all families. O. Marek, Zamberk 797, Czechoslovakia. Wanted and Needed. We are compiling a history of entomology, and particularly, at present, of the amateur insect clubs that nourished 50 to 75 years ago. Will you who have knowledge of such early clubs or societies advise me, giving facts on the time of existence, members, etc., which you may have. J. J. Davis, Dept. of Entomology, Purdue Uni- versity, Lafayette, Indiana. INDEX TO VOLUME LXX (* Indicates new genera, names, etc.) ALEXANDER, C. P. Undescribed species of crane-flies from the western United States and Canada (Dipt. : Tipuli- dae). Part XIX 47 Idem. Part XX 69 Herbert Simpson Parish ( 1870-1957) 29 ALLEN, H. A. The Centennial Celebration, American En- tomological Society 1859-1959 113 ARNAUD, P. H. Note on the rearing of Thysanus fasciatus (Hymenoptera : Thysanidae) from Melanaspis lilacina (Homoptera : Diaspidae) in California 163 Records of Diptera from Guadalupe Island, Mexico .... 182 BARBER, H. G. (See under Slater, J. A.) BLICKLE, R. L. Records of Chaetopsylla lotoris (Stewart) (Siphonaptera) from New Hampshire 6 BRADLEY, J. C. Review : Nouvel atlas d'entomologie. Hy- menopteres de France 249 BROWN, W. L., JR. The neotropical species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith: Group of emeryi Mann (Hy- menoptera) Variation in the ant Polyrachis thrinax (Hymenoptera) 164 BYERS, G. W. Types of Tingidae described by Torre- Bueno (Hemiptera) 191 CALVERT, P. P. Review: The Odonata of Canada and Alaska 194 CAUSEY, N. B. Review: Checklist of the millipeds of North America 25 CHEMSAK, J. A. A new genus of Mexican Cerambycidae related to Crossidius (Coleoptera) 131 CHRISTIANSEN, K. The mystery of Entomobrya duolineata solved (Collembola) 32 (269) 270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 CLARKE, J. F. G. Recent Smithsonian Institution ento- mological accessions 220 COPPEL, H. C. A sex anomaly of the introduced pine saw- fly, Diprion similis (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) 223 CRABILL, R. E. A synonymical list of American Himan- tariidae, with generic key and description of a new genus (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha : Himantariidae) .... 117, 153 DE LEON, D. A new genus and three new species of Phyto- seiid mites from Mexico with collection records on Phyto- seius plumifer (C. & F.) and P. macropilis (Banks) .... 147 Two new genera of Phytoseiid mites with a note on Proprioseius meridionalis Chant (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) 257 Two new Typhlodromus from Florida (Acarina: Phyto- seiidae) 105 EVANS, H. E. The larvae of the Ampulicidae (Hymen- optera) 57 FRANKLIN, R. T. Notes on Neodiprion swainei Middle- ton in Minnesota (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) 62 FRIZZI, G. and KITZMILLER, J. B. The salivary gland chro- mosomes of Anopheles punctipennis compared with those of the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culi- cidae) 33 FROST, S. W. Insects captured in black-painted and un- painted light traps 54 GLOYD, L. K. Elevation of the Macromia group to family status (Odonata) 197 GRANT, H. J. (See under Rehn, J. A. G.) HEINRICH, G. H. Cratichneumon w-album Cresson and variegatus Provancher 190 Ichneumon canadensis Cress. Selection of new lectotype 104 Ichneumon koebeli Swezy, selection of lectotype (Hymen- optera : Ichneumonidae) 136 Revisional notes on the types of the Ichneumoninae of Cresson, Ashmead, and others 205 Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 271 HURD, P. D., JR. and E. G. LINSLEY. Observations on the nest-site behavior of Melissodes composita Tucker and its parasites, with notes on the communal use of nest en- trances (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) 141 (See also under Linsley, E. G.) JANGI, B. S. Further notes on the taxonomy of the centi- pede Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus (Scolopendridae) 253 JUDD, W. W. Biting midges (Culicoides spp.) from cat- bird nests at London, Ontario 79 Sinea diadema Fabr. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) biting a human 137 KITZMILLER, J. B. (See under Frizzi, G.) KORMONDY, E. J. Review : A reclassification of the order Odonata 165 KROMBEIN, K. V. Biological notes on Chrysis (Cerato- chrysis) enhuycki Cooper, and its host, Leptochilus re- publicanus zendaloides (Robertson) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae, Vespidae) 17 Biological notes on Prochelostoma philadelphi (Robert- son) (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae 135 LINSLEY, E. G. and P. D. HURD. Ethological observations on some bees of southeastern Arizona and New Mexico (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) 63 (See also under Hurd, P. D.) MCDERMOTT, F. A. Two new species of fireflies (Coleo- ptera : Lampyridae) MEDLER, J. T. A nest of Bombus huntii Green (Hyme- noptera : Apidae) 179 MUESEBECK, C. F. W. New reared species of Lygocerus Foerster (Hymenoptera : Ceraphronidae) 91 OBRAZTSOV, N. S. Characters separating Archips rileyanus and cerasivoranus as two species (Lepidoptera: Tortrici- dae) 263 272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 PAPP, C. S. A new name in the clerid genus Lebasiella Spinola (1844). (Notes on North American Coleoptera, No. 7) 133 PHILLIPS, M. E. The first hundred years 1 POWELL, J. A. A new species of the genus Chionodes in California (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) 127 REINHARD, H. J. New North American Tachinidae (Dip- tera) 225 REHN, J. A. G. Further notes on the genus Gesonula (Orthoptera; Acrididae ; Cytacanthacridinae) 109 REHN, J. A. G. and H. J. GRANT. Critical remarks on a recent contribution to the taxonomy of the Acrididoidea (Orthoptera) by V. M. Dirsch 245 Ross, H. H. New species of Chimarra from Mexico and Central America (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) 169 The relationships of three new species of Triaenodes from Illinois and Florida (Trichoptera) 39 SAILER, R. I. (See under Slater, J. A.) SCHMIEDER, R. G. Review: A century of biological re- search 138 Review : Die Larvalsystematik einiger Kleinschmetter- lingsfamilien 27 Review : Insect migration 26 Review : Manual of insect morphology 251 SCOTT, H. G. Collembola from Colorado 13 Collembola from Japan. I. Onychiurinae 161 Idem. II. Isotominae 241 Collembola from Pennsylvania 81 SCULLEN, H. A. Eucercis simulatrix Viereck and Cock- erell mispelled on label 108 SLATER, J. A., H. G. BARBER and R. I. SAILER. Nomen- clatorial considerations relative to the genus Myodocha Latreille, 1807 (Hemiptera) 185 Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 273 WALLIS, R. C. Factors affecting larval migration of the gypsy moth 235 WASHBURN, R. H. An unusual swarming of a stinkbug near Wasilla, Alaska 46 WEBER, N. A. The stings of the harvesting ant, Pogono- myrmex occidentalis (Cresson), with a note on popula- tions (Hymenoptera) 85 WRAY, D. L. An unusual occurrence of rhinocerus beetles ( Scarabaeidae, Dynastes tityus) 240 Some North American Collembola records 217 274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 GENERAL SUBJECTS American Entomological So- ciety Centennial celebration 83, 113 History of 1 Acridoidea, taxonomy of 245 Bees associated with Mentzelia 63 Bees, ethology of some 63 Biology of Chrysis cnhuyki and Leptochilus rcpublicanus zendaloides 17 Culicoides in catbird nests . . 79 History of entomology 90 Larval migration of gypsy moth 235 Light traps, insects from black and unpainted 54 Michigan State list of insects 164 Mating of Dianthidium 69 Nest, with census, of Bombus huntii 179 New journal 244 Pate, Dr. V. S. L., Re insects borrowed by 24 Salivary gland chromosomes of Anopheles spp 33 Stings of the harvesting ant . . 85 OBITUARIES Haupt, H 244 Parish, H. S 29 PERSONALS Alexander, C. P 115 Arnett, R. H 115 Dreisbach, R. R 164 Gressitt, J. L 244 Sabrosky, C. W 115 Schmitt, J. B 115 REVIEWS Books received 27 Century of biological research 138 Chamberlin : Checklist of the millipeds of North America 25 Manual of insect morphology 251 Nouvel atlas d'entomologie. Hymenopteres de France . . 249 Odonata of Canada and Alaska 194 Reclassification of the order Odonata 165 Insect migration 26 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Alaska : Odon 194 Arizona : Dipt 48, 230 Brazil: Col 7 California: Dipt. 45, 51, 52, 71, 72, 74-77, 228, 229. Lep. . . 128 Canada : Odon 194 Colorado : Collembola 13 Costa Rica : Hym 100, 101 Florida: Acarina 105, 147, 257. Trich 39 Illinois: Trich 39 Japan: Collembola 161,241 Mexico: Acarina 147; Col. 133 ; Dipt. 182, 234 ; Hym. . 103 Minnesota : Hym 62 New Hampshire : Siphon .... 6 New Mexico : Chil 120 New York : Dipt 234 Oregon : Dipt 48, 71 Panama: Hym. 102; Trich. 172, 178 Papua: Col 10 Pennsylvania : Collembola ... 81 Texas: Dipt 232 Utah : Dipt 71 Washington : Dipt 48, 71 Wyoming : Dipt 226 COLEOPTERA Cerambycidae, Tippmann col- lection at Smithsonian 220 Chrysomelidae, Monros collec- tion at Smithsonian 222 hammari,* Lucernuta 7 mexicana* Lebasiclla 133 Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 275 Ncocrossidius* 131 papuae,* Pteroptyx 10 Shoemaker collection at Smith- sonian 220 Spangler collection at Smith- sonian 222 tityus, Dynastcs 240 trivittatus* Neocrossidius* . . 132 unimaculata* Lcbasiclta 133 DIPTERA Agathomyia* 228 Angustiopsis* 231 brevifilosa* Limnophila 50 cognata, Pcgomya 185 cordata* Agathomyia 229 Culicoides spp. in catbird nests 79 cylindrata barda* Tipula .... 71 dayana* Hc.vatoma 75 diaparis* Thelymyia 230 Diptera from Guadalupe Island 182 Dyscolomyia* 226 filamentosa,* Tipula 73 gracilipes* Molophilus 51 halteralis, Bibiodes 183 lasia* Myiophasia 225 Leucopis, parasites of 91 lucina* Dyscolomyia 227 maculipennis, Anopheles, com- plex 33 mcgacantha* Rhabdomasti.v . . 77 mclandcri tharpiana* Limonia 74 percgrinum, Euryomma 184 punctipcnnis, Anopheles 33 rcducta tchamicola* Dicranota 75 rcgina, Phormia 184 saginata* Angustiopsis 231 Salivary gland chromosomes in Anopheles spp 33 sartura,* Dexodes 234 sigills* Myiophasia 226 tcnuilinea,* Tipula 69 unispiculatus* Molophilns ... 53 Villa, behavior of 142 ypsilon* Limonia 47 HEMIPTERA bellula, Corythaica, type of . . 193 diadcma, Sinea biting human 137 interstinctus, Elasmostethus . . 46 lillianis, Acalypta, type of ... 191 Myodocha, nomenclature of . . 185 HOMOPTERA Aphids, parasites of 91 lilacina, Melanaspis, parasite of 163 HYMENOPTERA agilis, Asthcnolabus 215 alcatorius, Ambly teles 209 Ampulicidae, larvae of 57 anator, Melanichneumon .... 211 angelicus, Agapostemon 63 animosus var. rube! Ins, Pseu- damblyteles 211 annulicornis, Melanichneumon 211 aim ulatipes, Cratichneumon 213,214 Anomaly in Diprion 223 attentus* Lygocerus 94 balteatus, Amblyteles 212 Bees associated with Mentzelia pumila 63 Bees, ethological observations on 63 beljragei, Melanichneumon, n. comb 212 blanchardi, Melanichneumon . 211 boncti* Strumigcnys 103 Book review on 249 brevipennis, Cratichneumon, n. comb 214 calcatorius, Intermedichneu- m-on 211 californica, Anthophora 63 calijornicus, Platylabus 216 caincliiiHS, Thyratclcs 210 canadcnsis, Ichneumon 104 canaliculata, Ampiilc.r. larva . 57 cesalpiniac, Centris 67 ccstus, Ao fins 211 276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 citrinops kincaidi, Cratichneu- mon 213 clarus, Platylabus 215 composita, Melissodes, behav- ior and parasites of 141 consimilis, Ichneumon 209 consors, Platylabus 215 cordatus, Ichneumon 212 corniculus, Dolichurus, larva of 60 curvatum, Dianthidium 68 divaricata, Larrea 67 Dolichurus, larva of 60 emeryi, Strumigenys 97 enhuycki, Chrysis, biology of . 17 fasciatus, Thysanus reared from M clans pis 163 joxi, Tropicolabus* syn. resur. 216 fraternus, Amblytelcs 209 gestuosus, Mclanichnewnon . . 212 gracilicornis subdentatus, Cy- clolabus 216 grotei, Pseudambly teles 210 helvipes, M elanichneumon ... 211 huntii, Bombus, census of nest 179 Ichneumoninae, revional notes on some types 205 incompletus* Lygocerus .... 96 inconstans, Amblytelcs 209 infidclis, Pterocormus 211 instabilis, Pterocormus 208 juxtus, Spilichneumon, n.comb. 209 kincaidi, Cratichneumon .... 213 koebeli, Ichneumon 136 koebeli, Pseudambly teles .... 209 lacacoca,* Strumigenys 101 latifrons* Lygocerus 93 leucopidis* Lygocerus 91 lividulus, Ichneumon 209 luteicornis, Martinapis 67 Lygocerus new reared species 91 mains, Pterocormus 208 marianapolitanensis, Ichneu- mon 210 mentseliae, Perdita 65 metallicus, Platyabus 215 micrctes* Strumigenys 100 microlepoides, Lasioglossum . 64 montana, Anthophora 64 montanus, Platylabus 215 mormonus, Thyrateles, n. comb 210 mucronatus, M elanichneumon . 211 munifica, Eutanyacra 210 munificus, Pseudambly teles . . 210 ncarcticus, Anisobas 215 ncutralis, Ichneumon 212 ncvadensis, Bombus 64 nevermanni* Strumigenys ... 99 nigripcs, M elanichneumon . . . 212 nobilis, Ichneumon 210 nubivagus, Spiliclincumou, n. comb 209 occidcntalis, Pogonomynnc.r . 85 ohioensis, Amblytelcs 212 opacitus, Aoplus 211 ornatipcs, Mclanichnewnon . . 212 ornatus, Ambloplisus, n. comb. 216 paratus, Cratichneumon 213 parosclae, Melissodes 64 perannulata, Eutanyacra 210 peranintlatus, Amblytelcs .... 210 perkinsi, Platylabus 215 philadelphi, Prochclostotiiti, biol. of 135 pinicola* Lygocerus 92 pluto, Cratichneumon 212 Pogonomyrmcx populations . . 89 popojensis, Cratichneumon . . . 214 porterae, Anthidium 64 procax, Thyrateles, n. comb. 209, 210 propinquus, Eutanyacra 211 pruinosiforme, Lasioglossum . 63 pusillus, Cratichneumon 213 quadrizonatus, Pterocormus . . 208 quintilis, Cratichneumon 214 republicanus, Lcptochilus, biol- ogy of 17 rubellus, Pscudamblytclcs 211 ruficeps sitkens-is, Aoplus .... 211 Ixx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277 rubtcundus, Melanichneumon . 211 rufipes consors, Platylabus 215,216 rufipes, rufipes, Platylabus ... 216 rufizonatus, Amblyteles . . 208, 210 saucius, Chasmins 209 scutellatus, Hoplismenus 217 scutellatus, Platylabus 215 scutellatus transi'ersus, Hop- lismenus 217 similis, Diprion 223 sisymbrii, Lasioglossum 64 sitkensis, Ichneumon 211 solitus, Ichneumon 212 sonorus, Bombus 64 Stings of ants 85 subcyaneus cordatus, Melanich- neumon 212 subcyaneus neutralis, Melan- ichneumon 212 subdentatus, Ectopius 216 subdolus, Ichneumon 208 subrufus, S pilichneumon 209 superbus, S pilichneumon 209 suturalis, Eutanyacra 210 sivainci, Neodiprion 62 syphax, Ctenichneumon 210 hexensis, Anisobas 215 texensis nearcticus, Anisobas . 215 thrinax, Polyrachis 164 torontosus, Amblyteles 210 torvinus, Chasmius 209 transversus, Hoplismenus .... 217 Triepeolus sp., behavior of . . 142 Tropicolabus* 216 ulkei, Dianthidium, mating habits 68 urbana, Anthophora 63 vafer, Ichneumon 215 vagans, sitkensis, Aoplus .... 211 variegatus, Cratichneumon ... 214 versabilis, Ichneumon 208 virginicus, Melanichneumon .. 212 volens, Cratichneumon 214 volesus, Ichneumon 208 w-album, Cratichneumon 190, 214 winkleyi, Ichneumon 208 yakutatensis, Cratichneumon . 214 yarroivi, Caupolicana 67 selotypus, Ichneumon 209 LEPIDOPTERA cerasivoranus, Archips 263 Classification of larvae, book on 27 dispar, Porthctria, larval mi- gration 235 rileyanus, Archips 263 sabinianae* Chionodes 127 ODONATA Classification, book on 165 Macromia elevation to family 197 Macromiidac* 200 Odonata of Canada and Alaska, book on 194 ORTHOPTERA Dirsch, V. M., Remarks on paper by 245 Gesonula, notes on the genus. 110 mundata, Gesonula Ill mundata laosana, Gesonula .. 110 mundata sanguinolata, Geso- nula 110 mundata zonoccra, Gesonula . 110 nasutus, Truxalis 248 punctifrons, Gesonula 110 rubripes, Amblyphymus 248 Taxonomy of Acridoidca 245 turrita, Acrida 248 SMALLER ORDERS acuta* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 171 atrocincta, Entomobrya (Col- lembola) 81 boneti* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 171 brustia* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 176 278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1959 calva* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 174 centralis* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 178 cocklei, Onychinrns (Collem- bola) 217 Collembola of Colorado 13 Collembola, North American records of 217 Collembola from Pennsylvania 81 Collembola, list from Japan 161, 241 connata* Triaenodes (Tri- choptera) 44 cornuta* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 175 curfmani* Chimarra (Tri- choptera) 174 duolineata, Entomobrya (Col- lembola) synonomized .... 32 ernbia* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 170 cmima* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 172 flavescens* Tomoccrus (Col- lembola) 14 jurcella* Triacnodes (Tri- choptera) 44 Hemerobiidae, parasites of . . 94 ligata, Entomobrya (Collem- bola) 32 lotoris, Chactopsylla (Sipho- naptera) 6 marginata, Entomobrya (Col- lembola) 16 Onychiurinae, key to Japanese 161 ovalis* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 170 pur pur esc ens, Entomobrya (Collembola) 15 schiza* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 172 setosa* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 175 smithi* Triaenodes (Trichop- tera) 40 spatulata,* Chimarra (Tri- choptera) 176 subscgmenta* Proisotoma (Collembola) 13 Triaenodes, (Trichoptera), evolution of flavescens and injusta complex 39 viridis, Isotoma (Collembola) 241 volenta* Chimarra (Trichop- tera) 170 NON-HEXAPODA ACARINA dentilis* Typhlodromus dillus* Typhlodromus 106 hebetis,* Anthoseius* 257 Iciodis* Phyllodromus* 260 macro pilis, Phytoscins 149 meridionalis, Proprioseius . . . 262 mirandai,* Proprioseius 149 nahuatlcnsis* Phytoseius .... 147 plumifer, Phytoseius 149 Sclerotic lines (chitin lines) in 157 theodoliticus* Typhloseiopsis 150 Typhloseiopsis* 150 CHILOPODA amazonica, Scolopcndra 256 antacus* Emphero zoster* 120 Calif or niphilus 158 Emphcrozostcr* 118 Himantariidae, key to 153 Himantariidae, list of Ameri- can 155 laticcps, Gosiphilus 158 morsitans, Scolopendra 253 DIPLOPODA Review of checklist Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Just Published New Classified Price Lists Available separates from the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY and ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, and all titles of the Society's MEMOIRS have been catalogued by author in twelve special price lists in the following categories: Coleoptera Neuroptera and Smaller Orders Diptera Odonata Hemiptera Orthoptera-Dermaptera Hymenoptera Arachnida and Other Classes Lepidoptera Bibliography-Biography Memoirs General Lists will be mailed free upon request. Please state specifically which list or lists you require. The American Entomological Society 1900 RACE STREET PHILADELPHIA 3. PENNSYLVANIA Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 16 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN LICININI WITH NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPLOCHEILA BRULLE (COLEOPTERA) By George E. Ball 258 pages of text, 75 tables, 3 diagrams, 15 plates, table of contents and index This monograph considers the geographical variation, relation- ships, evolution and taxonomy of the carabid tribe Licinini. A general treatment, explaining the taxonomic approach used, defini- tion of terms, criteria for delimiting species and subspecies, etc., precedes the systematic position. The genera Diplocheila (sub- genera Diplocheila, Near embus, Isorembus), Dicaelus (subgenera Paradicaelus, Dicaelus, Liodicaelus) and Badister (subgenera Ba- dister, Trimorphus, B audio) are each treated in some detail. Keys to the genera and species are given throughout as well as a descrip- tion (or diagnostic notes), variation, distribution and frequently locality records for each of the forms treated. The phylogeny and zoogeography of each genus are discussed in a separate section. Variation of mensurable characters is treated in the 75 tables. Fif- teen plates depict structural (including genitalia) and variational features of the species discussed. Price $10.00 postpaid THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Penna., U.S.A. V L \ \ x \ '!/! * a= \ i \ /U \ ^ f o* ^o r^cP ^ ^ * :V" xSSSSSE?^ ''X, VM-: U \ xv x^ss;^, v o ^ vV